Statistics of contractive cracking patterns

1991 ◽  
Vol 69 (11) ◽  
pp. 1338-1341 ◽  
Author(s):  
David A. Noever
Keyword(s):  
Characteristic Pattern ◽  
Common Mechanism ◽  
Two Dimensional ◽  
Mechanism Of Formation ◽  
Statistical Geometry ◽  
Pattern Length ◽  
2D Space

The statistics of convective soil patterns are analyzed using statistical crystallography. A underlying hierarchy of order is found to span four orders of magnitude in characteristic pattern length. Strict mathematical requirements determine the two-dimensional (2D) topology, such that random partitioning of space yields a predictable statistical geometry for polygons. For all lengths, Aboav's and Lewis's laws are verified; this result is consistent both with the need to fill 2D space and most significantly with energy carried not by the patterns' interior, but by the boundaries. Together, this suggests a common mechanism of formation for both micro- and macro-freezing patterns.

scholarly journals Two-Dimensional Mapping of 3D Data from Confocal Microscopy

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anthony Fan ◽  
Justin Cassidy ◽  
Richard W. Carthew ◽  
Sascha Hilgenfeldt
Keyword(s):  
Image Analysis ◽  
Confocal Microscopy ◽  
Unique Property ◽  
Biological Research ◽  
Two Dimensional ◽  
High Quality ◽  
3D Data ◽  
Fast Solution ◽  
2D Space ◽  
Dimensional Mapping

Confocal microscopy has been experimentally proven for decades to provide high-quality images for biological research. Its unique property of blocking out-of-focus light enables 3D rendering from planar stacks and visualization of internal features. However, visualizing 3D data on a flat display is not intuitive, and would lead to occasional distortion. In this study, a novel, easy-to-implement, and computationally fast solution is provided to reconstruct a confocal stack to true 3D data and subsequently map the information correctly with size and shape consistency to a 2D space for visualization and image analysis purposes.

Mechanism of formation of two-dimensional crystals from latex particles on substrates

Langmuir ◽  
1992 ◽  
Vol 8 (12) ◽  
pp. 3183-3190 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Denkov ◽  
O. Velev ◽  
P. Kralchevski ◽  
I. Ivanov ◽  
H. Yoshimura ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Two Dimensional ◽  
Mechanism Of Formation ◽  
Latex Particles

Two-dimensional effects in double-diffusive convection

1974 ◽  
Vol 63 (3) ◽  
pp. 577-592 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. S. Turner ◽  
C. F. Chen
Keyword(s):  
Two Dimensional ◽  
Double Diffusive Convection ◽  
Mechanism Of Formation ◽  
Concentration Gradients ◽  
One Dimensional ◽  
Horizontal Gradients ◽  
Diffusive Convection ◽  
Similar Density ◽  
Double Diffusive ◽  
Vertical Gradients

The limitations of existing one-dimensional experiments on double-diffusive convection are discussed, and a variety of new two-dimensional phenomena are described. We have used the sugar-salt system and shadowgraph photography to make exploratory studies of motions which can arise in a fluid with two smooth, opposing, vertical concentration gradients, with and without horizontal gradients. Many different effects have been observed, the most important of which are the following, (a) In the ‘finger’ case, local disturbances can propagate rapidly as wave motions, which cause a simultaneous breakdown to convection over large horizontal distances. (b) Layers formed in the’ diffusive’ sense overturn locally to produce fingers, but propagate more slowly, as convective rather than wave motions, (c) A series of layers, separated by diffusive interfaces, can become unstable, in the sense that successive layers merge in time as their densities become equal, (d) The presence of horizontally separated sources of water of similar density but differentT,Scharacteristics can lead to the development of strong vertical gradients and extensive quasi-horizontal layering.Most of our results are qualitative, but it is hoped that they will stimulate further quantitive work on each of the new processes described. It is already clear that much more needs to be done before the mechanism of formation of layers observed in the ocean can be regarded as properly understood.

Mechanism of formation of two-dimensional crystals from later particles on substrata

2008 ◽  
pp. 366-367 ◽  
Author(s):  
O. D. Velev ◽  
N. D. Denkov ◽  
P. A. Kralchevsky ◽  
I. B. Ivanov ◽  
H. Yoshimura ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Two Dimensional ◽  
Mechanism Of Formation

scholarly journals Inducing Visibility and Visual Deduction

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 225-252 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mary S. Morgan
Keyword(s):  
Dimensional Space ◽  
Two Dimensional ◽  
Scientific Diagrams ◽  
2D Space ◽  
Representational Form

Abstract Scientists use diagrams not just to visualize objects and relations in their fields, both empirical and theoretical, but to reason with them as tools of their science. While the two dimensional space of diagrams might seem restrictive, scientific diagrams can depict many more than two elements, can be used to visualize the same materials in myriad different ways, and can be constructed in a considerable variety of forms. This article takes up two generic puzzles about 2D visualizations. First, How do scientists in different communities use 2D spaces to depict materials that are not fundamentally spatial? This prompts the distinction between diagrams that operate in different kinds of spaces: real, ideal, and artificial. And second, How do diagrams, in these different usages of 2D space, support various kinds of visual reasoning that cross over between inductive and deductive? The argument links the representational form and content of a diagram (its vocabulary and grammar) with the kinds of inferential and manipulative reasoning that are afforded, and constrained, by scientists’ different usages of 2D space.

Scale-Dependent Statistical Geometry in Two-Dimensional Flow

2010 ◽  
Vol 104 (25) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sophia T. Merrifield ◽  
Douglas H. Kelley ◽  
Nicholas T. Ouellette
Keyword(s):  
Two Dimensional ◽  
Statistical Geometry ◽  
Dimensional Flow ◽  
Two Dimensional Flow
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