PERMANGANATE–PERIODATE OXIDATION: VI. THE OXIDATION OF VARIOUS ALIPHATIC COMPOUNDS

1965 ◽  
Vol 43 (6) ◽  
pp. 1784-1791 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Von Rudloff
Keyword(s):  
Succinic Acid ◽  
Tartaric Acid ◽  
Carboxylic Acids ◽  
Propionic Acid ◽  
Ethyl Acetoacetate ◽  
Periodate Oxidation ◽  
Furoic Acid ◽  
Aliphatic Compounds ◽  
End Products ◽  
Oxalic Acids

A study was made of the reaction of the permanganate–periodate reagent with a wide variety of aliphatic alcohols, polyols, aldehydes, acids, oxy-acids, ketones, ethers, and esters. Saturated monols, ketones, and ethers, as well as acetic, pelargonic, pyruvic, lactic, and oxalic acids reacted only very slowly. Glycols, olefinic alcohols, and unsaturated acids were cleaved to give predictable end products. Activated alcohols and ethyl acetoacetate reacted at relatively high rates. Formic, glyoxylic, lactic, and malonic acids as well as 1,3-propanediol and 2,5-hexane dione reacted extensively and diethyl tartrate consumed as much oxidant as did tartaric acid. The oxidation of tetrahydrofurfuryl alcohol gave succinic acid instead of the expected tetrahydro-2-furoic acid. Saturated mono- and di-carboxylic acids, 3-hydroxy propionic acid, γ-valero lactone, and saturated esters were stable towards the reagent.

Simultaneous Gas Chromatographic Determination of Carboxylic Acids in Soft Drinks and Jams

1985 ◽  
Vol 68 (5) ◽  
pp. 902-905
Author(s):  
Taizo Tsuda ◽  
Hiroshi Nakanishi ◽  
Takashi Morita ◽  
Junko Takebayashi
Keyword(s):  
Benzoic Acid ◽  
Succinic Acid ◽  
Tartaric Acid ◽  
Carboxylic Acids ◽  
Fumaric Acid ◽  
Malic Acid ◽  
Sorbic Acid ◽  
Chromatographic Determination ◽  
Dehydroacetic Acid

Abstract A method was developed for simultaneous gas chromatographic determination of sorbic acid, dehydroacetic acid, and benzoic acid used as preservatives, and succinic acid, fumaric acid, malic acid, and tartaric acid used as acidulants in soft drinks and jams. A sample was dissolved in NH4OH-NH4CI pH 9 buffer solution, and an aliquot of the solution was passed through a QAE-Sephadex A 25 column. The column was washed with water, and the carboxylic acids were eluted with 0.1N HC1. Sorbic acid, dehydroacetic acid, and benzoic acid were extracted with ethyl ether-petroleum ether (1 + 1), and determined on a 5% DEGS + 1% H3PO4 column. Succinic acid, fumaric acid, malic acid, and tartaric acid in the lower layer were derivatized with N,0- bis(trimethylsilyl)acetamide and trimethylchlorosilane, and determined on a 3% SE-30 column. Recoveries from soft drink and jam samples fortified with 0.1% each of 7 carboxylic acids ranged from 92.4 to 102.6% for preservatives, and from 88.1 to 103.2% for acidulants.

scholarly journals Heterogeneous chemistry of monocarboxylic acids on α-Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> at ambient condition

2010 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 3937-3974 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. R. Tong ◽  
L. Y. Wu ◽  
M. F. Ge ◽  
W. G. Wang ◽  
Z. F. Pu
Keyword(s):  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Formic Acid ◽  
Carboxylic Acids ◽  
Propionic Acid ◽  
Ambient Condition ◽  
Heterogeneous Reactions ◽  
Dust Particles ◽  
Monocarboxylic Acids ◽  
Al2o3 Particles ◽  
Α Al2o3

Abstract. A study of the atmospheric heterogeneous reactions of formic acid, acetic acid, and propionic acid on dust particles (α-Al2O3) was performed at ambient condition by using a diffuse reflectance infrared Fourier transform spectroscopy (DRIFTS) reactor. From the analysis of the spectral features, observations of carboxylates formation provide strong evidence for an efficient reactive uptake process. Comparison of the calculated and experimental vibrational frequencies of adsorbed carboxylates establishes the bridging coordinated structures on the surface. The uptake coefficients of formic acid, acetic acid, and propionic acid on α-Al2O3 particles are (2.07±0.26)×10−3, (5.00±0.69)×10−3, and (3.04±0.63)×10−3, respectively (using geometric area). Besides, the effect of various relative humid (RH) on this heterogeneous reactions was studied. The uptake coefficients of monocarboxylic acids on α-Al2O3 particles increase initially (RH<20%) and then decrease with the increased RH (RH>20%) which was due to the effect of water on carboxylic acids solvation, particles surface hydroxylation, and competition on reactive site. On the basis of the results of experimental simulation, the mechanism of heterogeneous reaction of dust with carboxylic acids at ambient condition was discussed. The loss of atmospheric monocarboxylic acids due to reactive uptake on available mineral dust particles can be competitive with homogeneous loss pathways, especially in dusty urban and desertified environments.

The Hantzsch pyrrole synthesis

1970 ◽  
Vol 48 (11) ◽  
pp. 1689-1697 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. W. Roomi ◽  
S. F. MacDonald
Keyword(s):  
Carboxylic Acids ◽  
Ethyl Acetoacetate ◽  
Alkyl Group ◽  
Ethyl Esters ◽  
Hantzsch Synthesis ◽  
Butyl Esters ◽  
Alkyl Groups

Ethyl esters of 2-alkyl- and 2,4-dialkylpyrrole-3-carboxylic acids are obtained generally by extensions of the Hantzsch synthesis, benzyl and t-butyl esters when the 2-alkyl group is methyl. Hemopyrrole is obtained from butanal and ethyl acetoacetate in three steps. Pyrroles bearing higher alkyl groups or carbobenzoxy groups are reductively alkylated like the corresponding methylpyrroles and carbethoxy derivatives; t-butyl esters do not survive.

Excess Gibbs energy for binary mixtures of acetonitrile with acetic acid, propionic acid, isobutyric acid, and trimethylacetic acid

1991 ◽  
Vol 69 (12) ◽  
pp. 2117-2121 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. S. Banipal ◽  
B. S. Lark ◽  
S. Singh
Keyword(s):  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Gibbs Energy ◽  
Carboxylic Acids ◽  
Propionic Acid ◽  
Binary Mixtures ◽  
Activity Coefficients ◽  
Excess Gibbs Energy ◽  
Composition Range ◽  
Isobutyric Acid ◽  
Dimerization Constant

Total vapour pressures for binary mixtures containing acetic acid, propionic acid, isobutyric acid, and trimethylacetic acid with acetonitrile have been measured for the entire composition range at 298.15 and 318.15 K using a static manometric method. All systems show positive deviations from Raoult's law, enhanced by both an increase in temperature and an increase in the methylation of acetic acid. Activity coefficients have been calculated by taking into consideration the dimerization of these carboxylic acids in the vapour phase. TSE values obtained from GE and earlier reported HE values are found to be negative for acetic acid, about zero for propionic and isobutyric acids, and positive for trimethylacetic acid for the whole composition range. The results have been interpreted in terms of various contributions such as depolymerization, heteromolecular dipole–dipole interactions, and the increasing dimerization constant and steric hindrance with increase of complexity of the acid. Key words: excess Gibbs energy, carboxylic acids, acetonitrile, activity coefficients

An α-diketone from the condensation product of glucose and ethyl acetoacetate

1964 ◽  
Vol 17 (10) ◽  
pp. 1174 ◽  
Author(s):  
LK Dalton
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Peroxide ◽  
Solid State ◽  
Hydrogen Chloride ◽  
Ethyl Acetoacetate ◽  
Condensation Product ◽  
Side Chain ◽  
Furoic Acid ◽  
Aliphatic Side Chain ◽  
Benzilic Acid ◽  
Reversible Cyclization

When the product from the condensation of glucose and ethyl acetoacetate, ethyl 2-D-arabino-tetrahydroxybutyl-5-methyl-4-furoate (Ia), is heated in ethanolic hydrogen chloride, an a-diketone (IVa) is produced. It exists as a mono-enol in solution and in the solid state. Although this diketone is formed with an aliphatic side chain, there is at first a predominant, but reversible, cyclization to the "difuran" (II). With hydrogen peroxide the diketone yields 2-carboxymethy1-5- methyl-4-furoic acid (VII), and with alkali it undergoes a benzilic acid rearrangement.

scholarly journals The Birch Reduction of Heterocyclic Carboxylic Acids. I. The Birch Reduction of 3-Furoic Acid

1975 ◽  
Vol 48 (6) ◽  
pp. 1865-1867 ◽  
Author(s):  
Takamasa Kinoshita ◽  
Kouichi Miyano ◽  
Toshio Miwa
Keyword(s):  
Carboxylic Acids ◽  
Furoic Acid ◽  
Birch Reduction
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