Growth characteristics of lodgepole pine associated with the start of mountain pine beetle outbreaks

1983 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 137-144 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. M. Shrimpton ◽  
A. J. Thomson
Keyword(s):  
Tree Growth ◽  
Mountain Pine Beetle ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Annual Increment ◽  
Growth Ratio ◽  
Stand Growth ◽  
Mountain Pine ◽  
Periodic Growth ◽  
Pine Beetle ◽  
Mean Annual Increment

The dynamics of tree and stand growth were studied in six small but expanding mountain pine beetle outbreaks in British Columbia. Stands had exceeded a previously reported hazard threshold of age 80 years by 26 years, and a second frequently used hazard threshold of 20.5 cm mean dbh was exceeded by 37 years. However, stands had exceeded maturity, as defined by the intersection of current annual increment (CAI) and mean annual increment (MAI), by an average of only 17 years. In all cases, the beginnings of the outbreaks were coincident with a period of reduced tree growth. This reduced tree growth was difficult to detect at breast height, with a consequent failure of the periodic growth ratio to indicate susceptibility. Although the stands were past the point of maturity, the dominant and codominant trees continued to add significant wood volume, which could make surveillance for incipient outbreaks and subsequent control actions cost effective.

Susceptibility of lodgepole pine to infestation by mountain pine beetles following partial cutting of stands

1988 ◽  
Vol 18 (6) ◽  
pp. 688-695 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gene D. Amman ◽  
Mark D. McGregor ◽  
Richard F. Schmitz ◽  
Robert D. Oakes
Keyword(s):  
Growth Response ◽  
Mountain Pine Beetle ◽  
Lodgepole Pine ◽  
Partial Cutting ◽  
Poor Growth ◽  
Growth Ratio ◽  
Mountain Pine ◽  
Periodic Growth ◽  
Pine Beetle ◽  
Pine Stands

Thinning stands of lodgepole pine (Pinuscontorta Douglas var. latifolia Engelmann) is thought to increase vigor and thereby reduce susceptibility to mountain pine beetle (Dendroctonusponderosae Hopkins). Partial cut stands of lodgepole in the Kootenai and Lolo National forests, Montana, U.S.A., provided opportunity (i) to determine growth response of 76- to 102-year-old lodgepole pines following thinning and (ii) to test the hypothesis that vigor of residual trees infested and uninfested by beetles does not differ. Lodgepole pine stands receiving different partial cutting prescriptions were sampled. Characteristics measured for trees within the sample were diameter at breast height, grams of stem wood per square metre of foliage, periodic growth ratio, and leaf area. Trees in most treatments showed decreased growth the 1st year following thinning. The 1st year was followed by increased growth during the next 4 years. Of the tree characteristics measured, only dbh was significantly different on both forests between live trees and trees killed by the mountain pine beetle; the latter were larger (P < 0.001). The low amount of mountain pine beetle infestation in all stands in the presence of poor growth response and vigor of residual trees suggests that factors other than tree vigor will regulate mountain pine beetle infestations in recently thinned lodgepole pine stands. We hypothesize change in stand microclimate is the principal factor.

Actual and projected growth and yields of Populus 'Tristis #1' under intensive culture

1976 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 132-144 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alan R. Ek ◽  
David H. Dawson
Keyword(s):  
Simulation Model ◽  
Tree Growth ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Intensive Culture ◽  
Annual Increment ◽  
Growth Simulation ◽  
Stand Growth ◽  
Mean Annual Increment ◽  
Stand Characteristics ◽  
Branch Wood

Yields and related stand characteristics of Populus 'Tristis #1' cuttings based on 4 years of growth under intensive culture (fertilization and irrigation) at square spacings of 0.75, 1, and 2 ft (0.23, 0.30 and 0.61 m) in northern Wisconsin are reported. Stem and branch wood yields were 40 390, 45 132, and 27 567 lb/acre (45 272, 50 586, and 30 899 kg/ha) for these spacings, and current annual increment peaked at age 3 for the 0.75- and 1-ft spacings. Tree growth and competition information from these plots was then used to calibrate a stand growth simulation model to develop yield projections to the 10- to 25-year range for the above plus 4-, 8-, and 12.7-ft (1.22-, 2.44-, and 3.87-m) spacings. Mean annual increment in terms of stem and branch wood dry weight for the projections peaked at about 8–15 years for all six spacings with values in the range of 13 881 – 16 584 lb/acre (15 559 – 18 588 kg/ha), respectively. The maximum mean annual increment was obtained at age 15 with a 4-ft spacing. Results further indicate substantial product-oriented flexibility in the choice of spacings and rotation ages since curves of mean annual increment are both similar and relatively flat in the 10- to 20-year range, except for the two widest spacings. A discussion of stand model projection methodology, reliability, and limitations is presented along with suggestions for more refined projections.

Pre-logging Baiting with Semiochemicals for the Mountain Pine Beetle, Dendroctonus Ponderosae, in High Hazard Stands of Lodgepole Pine

1986 ◽  
Vol 62 (1) ◽  
pp. 20-23 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. H. Borden ◽  
L. J. Chong ◽  
T. E. Lacey
Keyword(s):  
Pinus Contorta ◽  
Mountain Pine Beetle ◽  
Lodgepole Pine ◽  
Dendroctonus Ponderosae ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Additional Advantage ◽  
Mountain Pine ◽  
Massive Influx ◽  
Pine Beetle ◽  
High Hazard

Baiting of trees with attractive semiochemicals prior to logging in three high hazard blocks of lodgepole pine (Pinus contorta var. latifolia Engelm.) was effective in inducing attack by the mountain pine beetle (Dendroctonus ponderosae Hopkins) on baited trees and on surrounding unbaited trees. There was evidence for partial shifting of attack loci, concentration of dispersing beetles and containment of emergent beetles as a result of the baiting program. However, baiting was ineffective when the baits were within the understory canopy, and the baiting program did not cause a massive influx of beetles from infestations 75-200 m away from the baited blocks. Such baiting programs would be cost effective if they avoided the necessity of disposing of two attacked trees/ha outside of the baited blocks. They have the additional advantage of reducing the risk of future beetle attacks by removing beetles and their broods during logging of induced infestations.

Weather associated with the start of mountain pine beetle outbreaks

1984 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 255-258 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. J. Thomson ◽  
D. M. Shrimpton
Keyword(s):  
Tree Growth ◽  
Mountain Pine Beetle ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Extreme Weather ◽  
Growth Rings ◽  
Noticeable Effect ◽  
Weather Patterns ◽  
Mountain Pine ◽  
Annual Growth Rings ◽  
Pine Beetle

Extreme weather conditions associated with mountain pine beetle outbreaks were evaluated by graphical techniques for six locations throughout British Columbia. Three major associations of extreme weather patterns with lodgepole pine growth and mountain pine beetle outbreaks were identified. (i) Weather effects prior to, or early in, the growing season can reduce growth without releasing the beetle population. (ii) Weather conducive to beetle establishment and early brood development can occur too late in the season to have a noticeable effect on tree growth and therefore will not be recorded in the annual growth rings. (iii) Warm, dry periods during the summer are associated with tree growth reduction and the beginnings of outbreaks. In each of these three cases, extreme low precipitation levels were involved. Average precipitation in some months did not compensate for the effects of unfavourable extremes in other months on tree growth.

REDUNDANCY IN THE SEMIOCHEMICAL MESSAGE REQUIRED TO INDUCE ATTACK ON LODGEPOLE PINES BY THE MOUNTAIN PINE BEETLE, DENDROCTONUS PONDEROSAE HOPKINS (COLEOPTERA: SCOLYTIDAE)

1990 ◽  
Vol 122 (5) ◽  
pp. 769-777 ◽  
Author(s):  
J.H. Borden ◽  
L.J. Chong ◽  
B.S. Lindgren
Keyword(s):  
Mountain Pine Beetle ◽  
Dendroctonus Ponderosae ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Mountain Pine ◽  
Pine Beetle ◽  
Mass Attack ◽  
Safe Mechanism ◽  
Lodgepole Pines ◽  
Fail Safe

AbstractBaited tree experiments confirmed the hypothesis that frontalin is a multifunctional pheromone that can induce the mountain pine beetle, Dendroctonus ponderosae Hopkins, to aggregate on and mass-attack lodgepole pine, Pinus conforta var. latifolia Engelmann. A re-examination was undertaken of the role of four known semiochemicals, myrcene, trans-verbenol, exo-brevicomin, and frontalin, tested as tree baits alone (with the exception of myrcene) and in all possible combinations. There was considerable redundancy evident in the semiochemical signal. For example, myrcene + frontalin and trans-verbenol + exo-brevicomin induced attack on baited trees at similar levels of intensity. The results suggest that beetles of either sex could initiate a mass attack. During the most attractive phase of host colonization, redundancy in the semiochemical signal could act as a fail-safe mechanism to ensure perception of and response to odors from an attacked tree. In addition the standard, commercial, tree bait containing myrcene, trans-verbenol, and exo-brevicomin might be modified by deleting myrcene, making a more acceptable and cost-effective operational bait.

Cost-effective brightening of thermomechanical pulp from mountain pine beetle-infested lodgepole pine

TAPPI Journal ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 25-31
Author(s):  
THOMAS Q. HU ◽  
CARMEN MARGETTS ◽  
KRISTA MORROW ◽  
MICHELLE ZHAO ◽  
SURJIT JOHAL ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mountain Pine Beetle ◽  
Lodgepole Pine ◽  
Cost Savings ◽  
Chelating Agent ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Thermomechanical Pulp ◽  
Diethylenetriaminepentaacetic Acid ◽  
Peroxide Bleaching ◽  
Mountain Pine ◽  
Pine Beetle

We developed a cost-effective bleaching method for overcoming the brightness ceiling of thermomechanical pulp (TMP) made from mill chips containing predominantly mountain pine beetle-infested lodgepole pine. The method involves synergistic bleaching of the TMP in the refiner with hydrosulfite (Y) and diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid (DTPA) as the chelating agent. The synergistic, in-refiner Y+DTPA bleaching, when followed by post-refiner Y or peroxide bleaching, can provide higher brightness gain or lower bleaching chemical cost for Y- or peroxide-bleached TMP from the mill chips. Estimated cost savings for Y bleaching to 60.0% ISO brightness and peroxide bleaching to 74.3% ISO brightness are USD 5.2/ton pulp and USD 5.2-6.2/ton pulp, respectively.

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