A STUDY OF THE AUTONOMIC MANIFESTATIONS SEEN IN ACUTE ALDRIN AND DIELDRIN POISONING

1955 ◽  
Vol 33 (1) ◽  
pp. 272-282 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. W. Gowdey ◽  
G. W. Stavraky
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Stimulation ◽  
Salivary Gland ◽  
Central Action ◽  
Chorda Tympani ◽  
Rectus Abdominis Muscle ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Intravenous Injections ◽  
Submaxillary Salivary Gland ◽  
Reduced Rate ◽  
Stimulation Of

The peripheral parasympathomimetic action of aldrin was investigated in vagotomized and adrenalectomized cats under chloralose and urethane anesthesia. Under these experimental conditions aldrin caused slowing of the heart, potentiated the effects of electrical stimulation of the vagus nerve, and augmented the secretory effect of the chorda tympani on the decentralized submaxillary salivary gland. Blood withdrawn five minutes after intravenous injections of aldrin into cats showed a reduced rate of destruction of added acetylcholine when tested on the frog's rectus abdominis muscle. In spite of a marked central action, dieldrin exerted none of these peripheral effects.

A STUDY OF THE AUTONOMIC MANIFESTATIONS SEEN IN ACUTE ALDRIN AND DIELDRIN POISONING

1955 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 272-282 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. W. Gowdey ◽  
G. W. Stavraky
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Stimulation ◽  
Salivary Gland ◽  
Central Action ◽  
Chorda Tympani ◽  
Rectus Abdominis Muscle ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Intravenous Injections ◽  
Submaxillary Salivary Gland ◽  
Reduced Rate ◽  
Stimulation Of

The peripheral parasympathomimetic action of aldrin was investigated in vagotomized and adrenalectomized cats under chloralose and urethane anesthesia. Under these experimental conditions aldrin caused slowing of the heart, potentiated the effects of electrical stimulation of the vagus nerve, and augmented the secretory effect of the chorda tympani on the decentralized submaxillary salivary gland. Blood withdrawn five minutes after intravenous injections of aldrin into cats showed a reduced rate of destruction of added acetylcholine when tested on the frog's rectus abdominis muscle. In spite of a marked central action, dieldrin exerted none of these peripheral effects.

Reflex Inhibition of Normal Cramp Following Electrical Stimulation of the Muscle Tendon

2007 ◽  
Vol 98 (3) ◽  
pp. 1102-1107 ◽  
Author(s):  
Serajul I. Khan ◽  
John A. Burne
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Stimulation ◽  
Maximum Voluntary Contraction ◽  
Voluntary Contraction ◽  
Muscle Cramp ◽  
Emg Activity ◽  
Reflex Inhibition ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Inhibitory Feedback ◽  
Two Phases ◽  
Stimulation Of

Muscle cramp was induced in one head of the gastrocnemius muscle (GA) in eight of thirteen subjects using maximum voluntary contraction when the muscle was in the shortened position. Cramp in GA was painful, involuntary, and localized. Induction of cramp was indicated by the presence of electromyographic (EMG) activity in one head of GA while the other head remained silent. In all cramping subjects, reflex inhibition of cramp electrical activity was observed following Achilles tendon electrical stimulation and they all reported subjective relief of cramp. Thus muscle cramp can be inhibited by stimulation of tendon afferents in the cramped muscle. When the inhibition of cramp-generated EMG and voluntary EMG was compared at similar mean EMG levels, the area and timing of the two phases of inhibition (I1, I2) did not differ significantly. This strongly suggests that the same reflex pathway was the source of the inhibition in both cases. Thus the cramp-generated EMG is also likely to be driven by spinal synaptic input to the motorneurons. We have found that the muscle conditions that appear necessary to facilitate cramp, a near to maximal contraction of the shortened muscle, are also the conditions that render the inhibition generated by tendon afferents ineffective. When the strength of tendon inhibition in cramping subjects was compared with that in subjects that failed to cramp, it was found to be significantly weaker under the same experimental conditions. It is likely that reduced inhibitory feedback from tendon afferents has an important role in generating cramp.

Avoidance and approach learning motivated by stimulation of identical hypothalamic loci

1959 ◽  
Vol 197 (1) ◽  
pp. 153-157 ◽  
Author(s):  
George W. Brown ◽  
Bertram D. Cohen
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Stimulation ◽  
Lateral Hypothalamus ◽  
Opportunity To Learn ◽  
Hypothalamic Stimulation ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Approach Response ◽  
Lateral Hypothalamic ◽  
Stimulating Electrodes ◽  
Second Procedure ◽  
Stimulation Of

Cats with stimulating electrodes implanted in the lateral hypothalamus were subjected to two types of experimental procedures. In the first procedure the cats were given an opportunity to learn to avoid hypothalamic stimulation which produces a typical ‘hypothalamic rage’ response. The second procedure allows the same cats to learn to approach an area where the hypothalamic stimulus is administered. In both procedures, electrical stimulation was delivered through identical electrodes, yet each animal learned the appropriate avoidance or approach response, depending upon the experimental conditions. Therefore, lateral hypothalamic stimulation may act as an energizing, drive-arousing, operation to produce both avoidance and approach learning in cats.

Salivary gland K+ transport: in vivo studies with K+-specific microelectrodes.

1978 ◽  
Vol 234 (1) ◽  
pp. E79 ◽  
Author(s):  
J H Poulsen ◽  
S W Bledsoe
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Stimulation ◽  
Salivary Gland ◽  
Lingual Nerve ◽  
In Vivo Studies ◽  
Submandibular Salivary Gland ◽  
K Concentration ◽  
K Transport ◽  
K Release ◽  
Stimulation Of

Stimulation-induced transport of K+ in the submandibular salivary gland of cats and dogs anesthetized with pentobarbital was studied with an extracellular K+-specific microelectrode. Electrical stimulation of the para-sympathetic chorda-lingual nerve caused a rapid transient increase in extracellular K+ concentration from 2.2 to 18.7 meq/liter in the cat and from 2.3 to 15.2 meq/liter in the dog. Eventually the K+ concentration fell below the prestimulatory level, indicating uptake of K+ by the gland cells. In case of prolonged stimulation (2-10 min), the uptake began during stimulation. However, a further reduction in extracellular K+ concentration occurred upon cessation of stimulation, a result that demonstrated that the cells did not fully recover their K+ ,content during stimulation. The latency of the release of K+, defined as the time from the beginning of stimulation to the point at which, the K+-specific microelectrode signal had increased by 2 mV, was 0.6 s in the cat and 0.8 s in the dog. Because these are overestimates of the "true" latencies, we conclude that the K+ release begins simultaneously with the hyperpolarization of the acinar cell membrane.

Electrical Stimulation of the Chorda Tympani in human Beings

1954 ◽  
Vol 43 (sup116) ◽  
pp. 72-75 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sven Eliasson ◽  
Lennart Gisselsson
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Stimulation ◽  
Chorda Tympani ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Stimulation Of

Corticoliberin activity of rat neurohypophysis is distinct from vasopressin

1981 ◽  
Vol 240 (6) ◽  
pp. E689-E693 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Karteszi ◽  
E. Stark ◽  
G. Rappay ◽  
F. A. Laszlo ◽  
G. B. Makara
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Stimulation ◽  
Median Eminence ◽  
Brattleboro Rats ◽  
Neural Lobe ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Adrenal Axis ◽  
Corticosterone Secretion ◽  
Pituitary Adrenal Axis ◽  
Stimulation Of

Electrical stimulation of the neural lobe of the pituitary resulted in an increase of corticosterone secretion in both normal and Brattleboro rats. Bioassaying the corticoliberin (CRF) activity of stalk-median eminence and neural lobe extracts obtained from normal and Brattleboro rats revealed that the endogenous vasopressin was not a prerequisite of ACTH-releasing potency. Arginine-8-vasopressin failed to potentiate the CRF activity of the different extracts. These data suggest that a nonvasopressin substance(s) with CRF activity can be released from the neurohypophysis of the rat, and it may contribute to activating the pituitary-adrenal axis under certain experimental conditions.

Dental Afferents Project onto Gustatory Neurons in the Nucleus of the Solitary Tract

2011 ◽  
Vol 91 (2) ◽  
pp. 215-220 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Braud ◽  
A. Vandenbeuch ◽  
F. Zerari-Mailly ◽  
Y. Boucher
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Stimulation ◽  
Inferior Alveolar Nerve ◽  
Chorda Tympani ◽  
Solitary Tract ◽  
Tracer Injection ◽  
Physiological Basis ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Gustatory Neurons ◽  
Stimulation Of

The aim of this study was to investigate the inferior alveolar nerve (IAN) and chorda tympani (CT) projections onto gustatory neurons of the nucleus of the solitary tract (NST) in the rat by immunochemical and electrophysiological techniques. IAN afferents were retrogradely labeled. NST neurons were labeled either by retrograde tracer injection into the parabrachial nucleus (PBN) or by c-Fos mapping after CT activation. NST neurons responding to tastant stimulation were recorded in vivo before and after electrical stimulation of the IAN. Results from the immunolabeling approach showed IAN boutons “en passant” apposed to retrogradely labeled neurons from PBN and to CT-activated neurons in the NST. Recordings of single NST neurons showed that the electrical stimulation of the IAN significantly decreased CT gustatory responses. Analysis of these data provides an anatomical and physiological basis to support trigeminal dental and gustatory interactions within the brainstem.

Effect of esophageal contraction on esophageal wall blood perfusion

2011 ◽  
Vol 301 (6) ◽  
pp. G1093-G1098 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ravinder K. Mittal ◽  
Valmik Bhargava ◽  
Harshal Lal ◽  
Yanfen Jiang
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Stimulation ◽  
Blood Perfusion ◽  
Laser Doppler ◽  
Esophageal Wall ◽  
Esophageal Mucosa ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Doppler Probe ◽  
Perfusion Studies ◽  
Esophageal Contraction ◽  
Stimulation Of

Myocardial blood flow occurs during the diastolic phase of the cardiac cycle, because myocardial contraction during the systolic phase impedes myocardial perfusion. Using laser Doppler perfusion technique, we studied the effect of esophageal contraction on the esophageal wall perfusion. Studies were conducted in rats. A laser Doppler probe was anchored to the esophageal wall, and wall perfusion was studied under various experimental conditions. Increase and decrease in the systemic blood pressure induced by different pharmacological agents was associated with the increase and decrease in the esophageal wall perfusion, respectively. Esophageal contractions induced by electrical stimulation of the vagus nerve and electrical stimulation of the muscle directly resulted in a reduction in the esophageal wall perfusion, in a dose-dependent fashion. Esophageal wall perfusion could be monitored by placing the Doppler probe on the esophageal mucosa or on the outside of the esophageal wall. Esophageal contraction impedes entry of blood into the esophageal wall. Future studies may investigate if ischemia of the esophageal wall induced by sustained esophageal contractions/esophageal spasm is the cause of esophageal pain symptoms in humans.

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