A study of gastric secretion induced by close arterial infusions of histamine in the dog

1969 ◽  
Vol 47 (6) ◽  
pp. 533-543
Author(s):  
G. W. Stavraky ◽  
J. R. Knill ◽  
R. B. Currie
Keyword(s):  
General Circulation ◽  
Acid Output ◽  
Splenic Vein ◽  
Left Gastric Artery ◽  
Free Hydrochloric Acid ◽  
Total Acid ◽  
Blood Histamine ◽  
Greater Curvature ◽  
Lesser Curvature ◽  
Stomach Pouch

The effects of close arterial infusions of progressively increasing quantities of histamine into different regions of a denervated total stomach pouch were compared with the effects of infusions of histamine into the splenic vein in dogs under chloralose–urethane anesthesia. Infusions of 0.5 mg/h and 2.0 mg/h of histamine into the left gastric artery (lesser curvature of the stomach) were more effective than were the infusions of the same solutions into the gastrosplenic artery (greater curvature) as shown by the shorter latency to the appearance of free HCl and by a greater volume of secretion and total acid output per square centimeter of mucosa. Infusions of excessive quantities of histamine (32.0 mg/h) resulted in a reversible inhibition of HCl output as observed on the lesser curvature. The peptic activity of the gastric juice was low and decreased progressively with increasing amounts of infused histamine. Systemic blood histamine concentrations did not change during infusions of 0.5 mg/h or 2.0 mg/h of histamine into the gastric arteries or splenic vein; infusions of larger amounts of histamine (8.0 mg/h and 32.0 mg/h) resulted in a penetration of histamine into the general circulation and in systemic effects. These effects appeared earlier and with smaller quantities of histamine when the latter was infused into the portal vein close to the liver than when administered into the splenic vein as judged by the appearance of free hydrochloric acid in the gastric contents.

Pathomorphological study on gastroduodenal ulceration in horses: Localisation of lesions

2007 ◽  
Vol 55 (2) ◽  
pp. 241-249 ◽  
Author(s):  
Barbora Bezdekova ◽  
P. Jahn ◽  
M. Vyskocil
Keyword(s):  
Single Case ◽  
Proximal Part ◽  
Gastric Ulcers ◽  
Squamous Mucosa ◽  
Oesophageal Ulceration ◽  
Prevalent Disease ◽  
Greater Curvature ◽  
Gastroduodenal Ulceration ◽  
Lesser Curvature ◽  
Low Prevalence

Gastroduodenal ulceration is a prevalent disease in foals and adult horses. Decreased performance as well as fatal complications relate to this syndrome. The objective of our study was to determine the prevalence of gastric ulceration in a mixed population of horses by postmortem examination and to evaluate a possible association between equine gastric ulcer syndrome (EGUS) and sex or age of the examined horses, to evaluate the localisation of lesions in the proximal part of the gastrointestinal tract and to determine the occurrence of gastric parasites. Post-mortem examinations were performed on 71 horses over a period of 24 months. Gastric ulcers were found in 52 horses (73.2%). There was no significant association between age or sex and occurrence of gastric ulcers. In all horses the squamous mucosa lesions were localised near the margo plicatus (100% of the cases), whereas in 23 horses the lesions were near the margo plicatus and lesser curvature and in 7 horses at the greater curvature. In 18 horses the mucosa was affected in the whole extent of the margo plicatus and in 1 horse diffuse lesions of the squamous mucosa were noted. Lesions of the glandular mucosa were localised in 11 horses at the fundic area, in 1 horse they occurred in the pylorus, and in 10 horses diffuse lesions of the glandular mucosa were recorded. A low prevalence of Gasterophilus intestinalis infection was detected (1 horse, 1.4%). We have confirmed that gastric ulcers are a common problem in horses and duodenal or oesophageal ulceration is rare (not a single case of the latter was found in this study). Lesions in the glandular mucosa of the stomach are more frequent in suckling foals than in older animals. Lesions of the glandular mucosa are also common in adult horses, and a complete gastroscopic examination including examination of the pylorus is advisable to evaluate this syndrome.

On the question of probing the lesser curvature of the stomach

1930 ◽  
Vol 26 (11) ◽  
pp. 1091-1094
Author(s):  
B. I. Trusevich
Keyword(s):  
Gastrointestinal Tract ◽  
Greater Curvature ◽  
Lesser Curvature

Using deep, sliding and topographic palpation by the Glenard-Obraztsov-Gausman method, along with other parts of the gastrointestinal tract, in some cases it is possible to palpate the lesser curvature. The latest statistics of Gausmann's palpation data are as follows: greater curvature is palpable in 45-50% of colon transv. 60%, coecum 80%, pars coecalis ilei 85%, appendix 12-16%, pylorus and antrum pylori 25%, sigma 95%.

Further Observations on the Development of the Peptic Cells of the Rabbit's Stomach

1960 ◽  
Vol s3-101 (53) ◽  
pp. 19-24
Author(s):  
GORDON MENZIES
Keyword(s):  
Pyloric Antrum ◽  
Greater Curvature ◽  
Lesser Curvature ◽  
A Site

1. The loss of the mucinogen component of the peptic granules begins during the fourth week of post-natal life (400 g) at a site on or near the greater curvature of the stomach adjacent to the pyloric antrum. It reaches the lesser curvature at about the sixth week (750 g). 2. The loss progresses slowly across the ventral and dorsal walls of the stomach and more rapidly along the greater curvature. 3. At 11-12 weeks (1,800 g) only a few peptic cells on the greater curvature and adjacent to the oesophageal opening contain PAS-positive granules. 4. Except for a few granules in an occasional peptic cell, no mucinogen can be demonstrated in these cells after the fourteenth week (1,900 g). 5. The stage seems to be correlated more closely with the weight than with the age of the animals.

Augmented vagal release of antral gastrin by 2-deoxyglucose after fundic vagotomy in dogs.

1979 ◽  
Vol 236 (2) ◽  
pp. E173
Author(s):  
B I Hirschowitz ◽  
R G Gibson
Keyword(s):  
Intravenous Injection ◽  
Serum Gastrin ◽  
Acid Output ◽  
Cholinergic Receptors ◽  
Gastric Fistula ◽  
Gastrin Release ◽  
Total Acid ◽  
Muscarinic Cholinergic Receptors ◽  
Single Intravenous Injection ◽  
Muscarinic Cholinergic

To study the relation between gastrin released by vagal excitation and the secretion of H+ and pepsin under various conditions, central vagal excitation was induced by 2-deoxyglucose (2DG) in doses of 50, 100, and 200 mg/kg body wt given as a single intravenous injection in seven gastric fistula dogs, three with fundic vagotomy and four with intact vagi. Serum gastrin increased linearly with dose doubling in both groups but was twice as high in the vagotomized dogs. Total acid output for 3 h was related linearly to integrated gastrin output in both groups, but the slope, H+/gastrin, was 10 times steeper in the vagally intact dogs (330 vs. 34 mueq/pg gastrin-ml-30 min) and pepsin output almost 20 times greater [5,400 peptic units (PU) vs. 296 PU]. Acidification of the antrum to pH 1.2-1.4 eliminated the gastrin response to 2DG in both groups of dogs. Atropine (100 microgram/kg iv) reduced serum gastrin in the vagotomized and increased it in the intact dogs. Atropinization uncovers stimulation by 2DG by pathways that do not involve muscarinic cholinergic receptors. Stimulation by both pathways is suppressible by acid. We conclude that fundic vagotomy removes an inhibitor of vagal gastrin release.

scholarly journals Differential distribution of transforming growth factor-a immunohistochemistry within whole gastric mucosa in rats

10.4081/847 ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 47 (4) ◽  
pp. 359 ◽  
Author(s):  
G Natale ◽  
G Lazzeri ◽  
C Blandizzi ◽  
M Ferrucci ◽  
M Del Tacca
Keyword(s):  
Growth Factor ◽  
Gastric Mucosa ◽  
Transforming Growth Factor ◽  
Parietal Cells ◽  
Homogeneous Distribution ◽  
Intense Staining ◽  
Mean Intensity ◽  
Greater Curvature ◽  
Parallel Strips ◽  
Lesser Curvature

Transforming growth factor-a (TGF-a) plays an important role in both proliferation and differentiation of mucosal cells at the gastrointestinal level, including stomach, where it is constitutively produced. This study evaluated the immunohistochemical distribution of TGF-a within whole gastric mucosa in rats, through the examination of seriate sections. Each stomach was opened along the greater curvature, pinned upon a cork plate, fixed in formalin and cut in 2-mm parallel strips which were sequentially superimposed on a glass slide. Sections were immunostained for TGF-a and pictures were taken from three areas: greater and lesser curvature; mucosa lying between the two curvatures. The sections were graded on the basis of the intensity of TGF-a staining, which was scored as follows: 0) no staining; 1) weakly positive; 2) intensely positive. The percent number of immunopositive cells and a mean intensity were calculated. Gastric mucosa showed a marked immunopositivity to TGF-a, mainly in parietal cells whose cytoplasm displayed moderate to intense staining. Positive cells (and the mean intensity) of total mucosa were 15.7±6.1% (1.13±0.42). However, they were not uniformly distributed, being 26.3±1.9% (1.67±0.24) in the mucosa lying between the two curvatures, 12.4±2.5% (1.52±0.22) along the lesser curvature and 8.3±2.1% (0.31±0.17) along the greater curvature. These results show that parietal cells of rat gastric mucosa exhibit immunoreactivity to TGF-a. Considering the gastroprotective effects of this factor, its non-homogeneous distribution within different areas may be of importance in understanding the lesion pattern of gastric damage after the administration of noxious agents.

scholarly journals nPTD Classification: An Updated Classification of Gastric Cancer Location for Function Preserving Gastrectomy Based on Physiological Lymphatic Flow

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shinichi Kinami ◽  
Naohiko Nakamura ◽  
Tomoharu Miyashita ◽  
Hidekazu Kitakata ◽  
Sachio Fushida ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gastric Cancer ◽  
Proximal Gastrectomy ◽  
Flow Distribution ◽  
Muscle Layer ◽  
Tumor Location ◽  
Lymphatic Flow ◽  
Greater Curvature ◽  
Gastric Cancer Patients ◽  
The Right ◽  
Lesser Curvature

Abstract Background: The correlation between tumor location and lymphatic flow distribution in gastric cancer has been previously reported, and PTD (Proximal – Transitional – Distal) classification, proposed. We updated and developed the nPTD classification.Method: We retrospectively studied gastric cancer patients who underwent the dye method sentinel node biopsy from 1993 to 2020. The inclusion criteria were a single lesion type 0 cancer of ≤5 cm in the long axis, clinically node-negative, and invasion within the proper muscle layer pathologically. In this study, the distribution of dyed lymphatic flow was evaluated for each occupied area of the tumor.Results: We selected 416. The tumors located watershed of the right and left gastroepiploic artery near greater curvature had extensive lymphatic flow; therefore, a newly circular region with a diameter of 5 cm is set on the watershed on greater curvature between P and T zone as the ‘n’ zone. In addition, for cancers located in the lesser P curvature, lymphatic flow to the greater curvature was not observed. Therefore, the P zone is divided into two: the lesser curvature side (PL) and the greater curvature side (PG).Conclusions: The advantage of the nPTD classification is that it provides not only proper nodal dissection, but also adequate function-preserving gastrectomy. If the tumor is localized within the PL, the proximal gastrectomy resection area can be further reduced. In contrast, for cancers located in the ‘n’ zone, near-total gastrectomy is required because of the extensive lymphatic flow.

Effect of pathological blood histamine levels on canine coronary vascular permeability

1988 ◽  
Vol 254 (5) ◽  
pp. H912-H918
Author(s):  
C. F. Pilati ◽  
M. B. Maron
Keyword(s):  
Vascular Permeability ◽  
General Circulation ◽  
Isolated Heart ◽  
Coronary Vessels ◽  
Receptor Blockade ◽  
Plasma Protein Concentration ◽  
Beta Receptor ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Blood Histamine ◽  
Beta Receptor Blockade

We evaluated the effect of systemically administered histamine on coronary vascular permeability (CVP) of pentobarbital-anesthetized, open-chest dogs with and without beta-receptor blockade. We determined changes in CVP by comparing prenodal cardiac lymph flow and lymph-to-plasma protein concentration ratio before and after 30 min of histamine infusion. Histamine was infused into the left ventricle at 150 micrograms/min to produce pathological blood histamine concentrations of approximately 0.5 micrograms/ml. Histamine increased CVP in only one of seven dogs without beta-receptor blockade but increased CVP in four of seven beta-blocked animals. In a second series of experiments, the effect of histamine on CVP was assessed in an in situ isolated heart-lung preparation. In this preparation, similar blood histamine concentrations increased CVP in the same fraction of experiments (4 of 7) as was observed for beta-blocked dogs. Therefore, isolating the heart from the effects of all systemically derived histamine antagonistic substances did not appear to make the coronary vessels any more vulnerable to histamine than only blocking the actions of catecholamines. We conclude that 1) catecholamines provide protection for the coronary microvasculature against histamine-induced increases in the CVP; and 2) the probability that vascular permeability will increase in the heart when histamine exposure occurs through the general circulation is remote. Thus, if histamine-induced increases in CVP occur, then they probably result from the release of histamine from myocardial storage sites.

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