New marine hosts for Parorchis acanthus, Cryptocotyle lingua, Maritrema megametrios, and Maritrema gratiosum, trematodes of birds from British Columbia, Canada

1978 ◽  
Vol 56 (8) ◽  
pp. 1877-1879 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hilda Lei Ching
Keyword(s):  
British Columbia ◽  
Domestic Chick ◽  
Balanus Glandula ◽  
Young Fish ◽  
Platichthys Stellatus ◽  
Digenetic Trematodes ◽  
Bucephala Islandica ◽  
Parorchis Acanthus ◽  
Leptocottus Armatus

New molluscan, crustacean, and avian hosts were found for four species of digenetic trematodes in Vancouver, British Columbia, from 1973 to 1977. The rediae and cercariae of Parorchis acanthus (Nicoll) were discovered in Nucella lamellosa (Gmelin). Adults were recovered after 19 days from experimental feedings of the metacercariae to a newly hatched domestic chick. The cercariae of Cryptocotyle lingua (Creplin) from the snail Littorina scutulata Gould were used to infect young fish, Leptocottus armatus Girard, Oligocottus maculosus Girard, and Platichthys stellatus (Pallas). These fish, infected with the metacercariae, were fed to newly hatched gulls, Larus glaucescens Naumann, and mature worms were found in the anterior half of the intestine after 14 and 21 days. The metacercariae of Maritrema megametrios Deblock and Rausch, found in Orchestia traskiana Stimpson and Gnorimosphaeroma oregonense (Dana), became ovigerous in Locke's solution at 40 °C at 48 h. Natural infections were found in Larus Philadelphia (Ord). The metacercariae of Maritrema gratiosum Nicoll, found in Balanus glandula Darwin, also became ovigerous in vitro. Adults were found with two other microphallid species in the intestine of one Bucephala islandica (Gmelin).

[3H]Naloxone binding in the brain of the domestic chick (Gallus domesticus) determined by in vitro quantitative autoradiography

1989 ◽  
Vol 479 (2) ◽  
pp. 391-396 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andras Csillag ◽  
Rachel C. Bourne ◽  
Mihaly Kalman ◽  
Margaret I. Boxer ◽  
Michael G. Stewart
Keyword(s):  
Domestic Chick ◽  
Gallus Domesticus ◽  
Quantitative Autoradiography ◽  
The Brain

Electrophysiological correlates of past history: in vitro studies of the IMHV of the domestic chick

1999 ◽  
Vol 98 (2) ◽  
pp. 261-265 ◽  
Author(s):  
P.M Bradley ◽  
B.D Burns ◽  
T.M King ◽  
A.C Webb
Keyword(s):  
Past History ◽  
Domestic Chick ◽  
In Vitro Studies

Molecular Cytogenetics in Digenean Parasites: Linked and Unlinked Major and 5S rDNAs, B Chromosomes and Karyotype Diversification

2015 ◽  
Vol 147 (2-3) ◽  
pp. 195-207 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel García-Souto ◽  
Juan J. Pasantes
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Cytogenetics ◽  
5S Rdna ◽  
B Chromosomes ◽  
Ruditapes Decussatus ◽  
Metazoan Parasites ◽  
Single Chromosome ◽  
Telomeric Sequences ◽  
Digenetic Trematodes ◽  
Parorchis Acanthus ◽  
Morphological Differences

Digenetic trematodes are the largest group of internal metazoan parasites, but their chromosomes are poorly studied. Although chromosome numbers and/or karyotypes are known for about 300 of the 18,000 described species, molecular cytogenetic knowledge is mostly limited to the mapping of telomeric sequences and/or of major rDNA clusters in 9 species. In this work we mapped major and 5S rDNA clusters and telomeric sequences in chromosomes of Bucephalus minimus, B. australis, Prosorhynchoides carvajali (Bucephaloidea), Monascus filiformis (Gymnophalloidea), Parorchis acanthus (Echinostomatoidea), Cryptocotyle lingua (Opisthorchioidea), Cercaria longicaudata, Monorchis parvus (Monorchioidea), Diphterostomum brusinae, and Bacciger bacciger (Microphalloidea). Whilst single major and minor rDNA clusters were mapped to different chromosome pairs in B. minimus and P. acanthus, overlapping signals were detected on a single chromosome pair in the remaining taxa. FISH experiments using major rDNA and telomeric probes clearly demonstrated the presence of highly stretched NORs in most of the digenean taxa analyzed. B chromosomes were detected in the B. bacciger samples hosted by Ruditapes decussatus. Although the cercariae specimens obtained from Donax trunculus, Tellina tenuis, and R. decussatus were in agreement with B. bacciger, their karyotypes showed striking morphological differences in agreement with the proposed assignation of these cercariae to different species of the genus Bacciger. Results are discussed in comparison with previous data on digenean chromosomes.

Effects of copper sulphate on in vitro encystment of the cercariae of Echinostoma caproni

2004 ◽  
Vol 78 (4) ◽  
pp. 371-372 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Fried ◽  
J.L. Schneck
Keyword(s):  
Emergency Response ◽  
Cyst Wall ◽  
Copper Sulphate ◽  
Bile Salts ◽  
Spring Water ◽  
Echinostoma Caproni ◽  
Parorchis Acanthus ◽  
High Concentrations

AbstractThe effects of various concentrations of copper sulphate were studied on in vitro encystment of Echinostoma caproni in a Locke's–artificial spring water (ASW) (1:1) medium. Cercariae were killed in 10,000 mg l−1 CuSO4 in Locke's–ASW (1:1) within 24 h and extruded cystogenous material to produce an abnormal cyst wall. The ‘emergency response’ of encystment to high concentrations of copper reported for Parorchis acanthus cercariae did not occur in E. caproni. Concentrations of 1000 mg l−1 and 100 mg l−1 CuSO4 in Locke's–ASW (1:1) also killed the cercariae without encystment by 48 h. A concentration of 10 mg l−1 CuSO4 in Locke's–ASW (1:1) allowed for normal in vitro encystment within 48 h and these cysts were capable of excystation in a trypsin–bile salts medium.

scholarly journals Optimization of Diet for Post Larvel/Juvenile Sea Bass and Hybrid Stripped Bass Based on Enzymatic Profiles of their Digestive Tracts

1995 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sheenan Harpaz ◽  
Steven G. Hughes ◽  
Pinhas Lindner
Keyword(s):  
Proteolytic Activity ◽  
Proteolytic Enzymes ◽  
Juvenile Fish ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Sea Bass ◽  
Original Research ◽  
Young Fish ◽  
Feed Formulation ◽  
Feed Protein

The overall goal of this research work was to identify the main proteolytic activities which take place in the digestive tracts of young bass fish, and use the knowledge acquired in order to improve feed protein utilization in juvenile fish based on their digestive capacity. The results of the work clearly showed that the young fish possess the entire profile of proteolytic enzymes which is found in adult fish. Yet, in the young fish the level of activity is substantially lower per gram tissue (or gram protein) as compared with the activity found in the digestive tracts of the same fish at an older (larger) age. In addition it was found that the main proteolytic enzyme in these fish is chymotrypsin which accounts for almost 80% of the proteolytic activity. An effort aimed at enhancing this activity has lead to the interesting finding that alcohol substantially enhances the proteolytic activity of fish intestines. Fish intestinal homogenates were used in order to evaluate the suitability of various feeds for the fish. Potential feed proteins were subjected to the proteolytic activity of the fish enzymes in vitro, in a manner simulating the natural process. The proteolytic activity was monitored by the valuation of the products, i.e. amino acid released. This method has proven to be a powerful tool which enables us to predict with a very high degree of accuracy the potential of a feed to promote growth. Selection of feed based on the proteolytic capacity of the fish degestive tracts can now be implemented in feed formulation, as anticipated in the original research proposal.

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