scholarly journals Information Loss Problem and Roles of Instantons

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dong-Han Yeom
Keyword(s):  
Information Loss ◽  
Information Loss Problem

scholarly journals A quantum-corrected approach to black hole radiation via a tunneling process

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Milad Hajebrahimi ◽  
Kourosh Nozari
Keyword(s):  
Black Hole ◽  
Electric Charge ◽  
Hawking Radiation ◽  
Quantum Correction ◽  
Black Hole Physics ◽  
Information Loss ◽  
Schwarzschild Black Hole ◽  
Tunneling Process ◽  
Black Hole Radiation ◽  
Information Loss Problem

Abstract In the language of black hole physics, Hawking radiation is one of the most controversial subjects about which there exist lots of puzzles, including the information loss problem and the question of whether this radiation is thermal or not. In this situation, a possible way to face these problems is to bring quantum effects into play, also taking into account self-gravitational effects in the scenario. We consider a quantum-corrected form of the Schwarzschild black hole inspired by the pioneering work of Kazakov and Solodukhin to modify the famous Parikh–Wilczek tunneling process for Hawking radiation. We prove that in this framework the radiation is not thermal, with a correlation function more effective than the Parikh–Wilczek result, and the information loss problem can be addressed more successfully. Also, we realize that quantum correction affects things in the same way as an electric charge. So, it seems that quantum correction in this framework has something to do with the electric charge.

scholarly journals Aspects of Semiclassical Black Holes: Development and Open Problems

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-13
Author(s):  
Alexander Y. Yosifov
Keyword(s):  
Black Holes ◽  
General Relativity ◽  
Information Loss ◽  
Quantum Corrections ◽  
Open Problems ◽  
Naked Singularities ◽  
Geometrical Properties ◽  
Energy Quantum ◽  
Information Loss Problem ◽  
Black Hole Solutions

The current work is a review, dedicated to the study of semiclassical aspects of black holes. We begin by briefly looking at the main statements of general relativity. We then consider the Schwarzschild, Kerr, and Reissner-Nordstrom black hole solutions and discuss their geometrical properties. Later, the thermodynamic nature of black holes is established. In light of this, we formulate the information loss problem and present the most promising approaches for addressing it with emphasis on introducing low-energy quantum corrections to the classical general relativity picture. Finally, in the context of multimessenger astronomy, we look at naked singularities as possible gravitational collapse endstates and their role in the unitarity of quantum mechanics and discuss their observational prospects.

Black-hole Information Loss Problem: Past, Present, and Future

2020 ◽  
Vol 29 (11) ◽  
pp. 17-25
Author(s):  
Sang-Heon YI ◽  
Dong-han YEOM
Keyword(s):  
Black Holes ◽  
Black Hole ◽  
Quantum Mechanics ◽  
Quantum Information ◽  
Hawking Radiation ◽  
Recent Progress ◽  
Information Loss ◽  
Future Perspectives ◽  
Black Hole Information ◽  
Information Loss Problem

In this article, we discuss the information loss problem of black holes and critically review candidate resolutions of the problem. As a black hole evaporates via Hawking radiation, it seems to lose original quantum information; this indicates that the unitarity of time evolution in quantum mechanics and the fundamental predictability of physics are lost. We categorized candidate resolutions by asking (1) where information is and (2) which principle of physics is changed. We also briefly comment on the recent progress in the string theory community. Finally, we present several remarks for future perspectives.

Thermodynamics, Quantum Physics, and Black Holes

2020 ◽  
pp. 24-39
Author(s):  
John W. Moffat
Keyword(s):  
Black Holes ◽  
Black Hole ◽  
Quantum Mechanics ◽  
Quantum Physics ◽  
Second Law Of Thermodynamics ◽  
Information Loss ◽  
Second Law ◽  
Major Question ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Information Loss Problem

A major question confronting physicists studying black holes was whether thermodynamics applied to them—that is, whether the black holes radiated heat and lost energy. Bekenstein considered heat and thermodynamics important for the interior of black holes. Based on the second law of thermodynamics, Hawking proposed that black holes evaporate over a very long time through what we now call Hawking radiation. This concept contradicts the notion that nothing can escape a black hole event horizon. Quantum physics enters into Hawking’s calculations, and he discovered the conundrum that the radiation would violate quantum mechanics, leading to what is called the information loss problem. These ideas are still controversial, and many physicists have attempted to resolve them, including Russian theorists Zel’dovich and Starobinsky. Alternative quantum physics interpretations of black holes have been proposed that address the thermodynamics problems, including so-called gravastars.

scholarly journals EXTENDED HESITANT FUZZY SETS

2017 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 100-121 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bin ZHU ◽  
Zeshui XU
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Fuzzy Sets ◽  
Close Relationships ◽  
Information Loss ◽  
Intuitionistic Fuzzy Sets ◽  
Decision Makers ◽  
Distance Measures ◽  
Hesitant Fuzzy Sets ◽  
Information Loss Problem

Hesitant fuzzy sets (HFSs) are a useful tool to manage situations in which the decision makers (DMs) hesitate about several possible values for the membership to assess a variable, alternative, etc. However, HFSs have the information loss problem and cannot identify different DMs, which interferes with the application of HFSs in decision making. To overcome these limitations, we develop the extended hesitant fuzzy sets (EHFSs) in this paper. As an extension of HFSs, EHFSs have close relationships with existing fuzzy sets including intuitionistic fuzzy sets (IFSs), fuzzy multisets (FMSs), type-2 fuzzy sets (T2FSs), dual hesitant fuzzy sets (DHFSs), and especially HFSs. We propose a concept of extended hesitant fuzzy elements (EHFEs), then study the basic operations and the desirable properties of EHFEs in detail. Some extended hesitant distance measures are developed to illustrate their advantages comparing with the existing hesitant distance measures. To extend EHFSs to decision making, we combine the proposed distance measures with the Dempster-Shafer belief structure.

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