scholarly journals Distribution law of the Dirac eigenmodes in QCD

2018 ◽  
Vol 33 (10) ◽  
pp. 1850054
Author(s):  
Marco Catillo ◽  
Leonid Ya. Glozman
Keyword(s):  
Dirac Operator ◽  
Random Matrix Theory ◽  
Random Matrix ◽  
Matrix Theory ◽  
Spontaneous Breaking ◽  
Distribution Law ◽  
Gaussian Unitary Ensemble ◽  
Zero Modes ◽  
Dynamical Simulations ◽  
Unitary Ensemble

The near-zero modes of the Dirac operator are connected to spontaneous breaking of chiral symmetry in QCD (SBCS) via the Banks–Casher relation. At the same time, the distribution of the near-zero modes is well described by the Random Matrix Theory (RMT) with the Gaussian Unitary Ensemble (GUE). Then, it has become a standard lore that a randomness, as observed through distributions of the near-zero modes of the Dirac operator, is a consequence of SBCS. The higher-lying modes of the Dirac operator are not affected by SBCS and are sensitive to confinement physics and related [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] symmetries. We study the distribution of the near-zero and higher-lying eigenmodes of the overlap Dirac operator within [Formula: see text] dynamical simulations. We find that both the distributions of the near-zero and higher-lying modes are perfectly described by GUE of RMT. This means that randomness, while consistent with SBCS, is not a consequence of SBCS and is linked to the confining chromo-electric field.

scholarly journals Distribution of the Dirac modes in QCD

2018 ◽  
Vol 175 ◽  
pp. 04005
Author(s):  
M. Catillo ◽  
L. Ya. Glozman
Keyword(s):  
Dirac Operator ◽  
Random Matrix Theory ◽  
Random Matrix ◽  
General Property ◽  
Matrix Theory ◽  
Spontaneous Breaking ◽  
Gaussian Unitary Ensemble ◽  
Zero Modes ◽  
Dynamical Simulations ◽  
Unitary Ensemble

It was established that distribution of the near-zero modes of the Dirac operator is consistent with the Chiral Random Matrix Theory (CRMT) and can be considered as a consequence of spontaneous breaking of chiral symmetry (SBCS) in QCD. The higherlying modes of the Dirac operator carry information about confinement physics and are not affected by SBCS. We study distributions of the near-zero and higher-lying modes of the overlap Dirac operator within NF = 2 dynamical simulations. We find that distributions of both near-zero and higher-lying modes are the same and follow the Gaussian Unitary Ensemble of Random Matrix Theory. This means that randomness, while consistent with SBCS, is not a consequence of SBCS and is related to some more general property of QCD in confinement regime.

scholarly journals Replica approach in random matrix theory

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas Guhr
Keyword(s):  
Partition Function ◽  
Random Matrix Theory ◽  
Random Matrix ◽  
Matrix Theory ◽  
Field Theories ◽  
Partition Functions ◽  
Gaussian Unitary Ensemble ◽  
Integrable Theory ◽  
Unitary Ensemble ◽  
Replica Approach

This article examines the replica method in random matrix theory (RMT), with particular emphasis on recently discovered integrability of zero-dimensional replica field theories. It first provides an overview of both fermionic and bosonic versions of the replica limit, along with its trickery, before discussing early heuristic treatments of zero-dimensional replica field theories, with the goal of advocating an exact approach to replicas. The latter is presented in two elaborations: by viewing the β = 2 replica partition function as the Toda lattice and by embedding the replica partition function into a more general theory of τ functions. The density of eigenvalues in the Gaussian Unitary Ensemble (GUE) and the saddle point approach to replica field theories are also considered. The article concludes by describing an integrable theory of replicas that offers an alternative way of treating replica partition functions.

scholarly journals Random Matrix Theory and Chiral Symmetry in QCD

2000 ◽  
Vol 50 (1) ◽  
pp. 343-410 ◽  
Author(s):  
J.J.M. Verbaarschot ◽  
T. Wettig
Keyword(s):  
Partition Function ◽  
Dirac Operator ◽  
Chiral Symmetry ◽  
Random Matrix Theory ◽  
Random Matrix ◽  
Matrix Theory ◽  
Low Energy ◽  
Spontaneous Breaking ◽  
Schematic Model ◽  
Qcd Phase Diagram

▪ Abstract  Random matrix theory is a powerful way to describe universal correlations of eigenvalues of complex systems. It also may serve as a schematic model for disorder in quantum systems. In this review, we discuss both types of applications of chiral random matrix theory to the QCD partition function. We show that constraints imposed by chiral symmetry and its spontaneous breaking determine the structure of low-energy effective partition functions for the Dirac spectrum. We thus derive exact results for the low-lying eigenvalues of the QCD Dirac operator. We argue that the statistical properties of these eigenvalues are universal and can be described by a random matrix theory with the global symmetries of the QCD partition function. The total number of such eigenvalues increases with the square root of the Euclidean four-volume. The spectral density for larger eigenvalues (but still well below a typical hadronic mass scale) also follows from the same low-energy effective partition function. The validity of the random matrix approach has been confirmed by many lattice QCD simulations in a wide parameter range. Stimulated by the success of the chiral random matrix theory in the description of universal properties of the Dirac eigenvalues, the random matrix model is extended to nonzero temperature and chemical potential. In this way we obtain qualitative results for the QCD phase diagram and the spectrum of the QCD Dirac operator. We discuss the nature of the quenched approximation and analyze quenched Dirac spectra at nonzero baryon density in terms of an effective partition function. Relations with other fields are also discussed.

Introduction and guide to the handbook

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gernot Akemann ◽  
Jinho Baik ◽  
Philippe Di Francesco
Keyword(s):  
Random Matrices ◽  
Random Matrix Theory ◽  
Random Matrix ◽  
Matrix Theory ◽  
The Other ◽  
Random Operators ◽  
New Developments ◽  
Gaussian Unitary Ensemble ◽  
Mathematical Properties ◽  
Unitary Ensemble

This article discusses random matrix theory (RMT) in a nutshell — what it is about, what its main features are, and why it is so successful in applications. It first considers the simplest and maybe most frequently used standard example, the Gaussian Unitary Ensemble (GUE) of random matrices, before looking at several types of applications of RMT, focusing on random operators, counting devices, and RMT without matrices. It then provides a guide to the handbook, explaining how the other forty-two articles on mathematical properties and applications of random matrices are related and built one upon the other. It also lists some topics that are not covered in detail in the book and reviews recent new developments since the first edition of this handbook before concluding with a brief survey of the existing introductory literature.

Quantum chromodynamics

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcos Marino
Keyword(s):  
Symmetry Breaking ◽  
Dirac Operator ◽  
Global Symmetries ◽  
Quantum Chromodynamics ◽  
Random Matrix Theory ◽  
Random Matrix ◽  
Degrees Of Freedom ◽  
Chemical Potential ◽  
Matrix Theory ◽  
Global Symmetry

This article focuses on chiral random matrix theories with the global symmetries of quantum chromodynamics (QCD). In particular, it explains how random matrix theory (RMT) can be applied to the spectra of the Dirac operator both at zero chemical potential, when the Dirac operator is Hermitian, and at non-zero chemical potential, when the Dirac operator is non-Hermitian. Before discussing the spectra of these Dirac operators at non-zero chemical potential, the article considers spontaneous symmetry breaking in RMT and the QCD partition function. It then examines the global symmetries of QCD, taking into account the Dirac operator for a finite chiral basis, as well as the global symmetry breaking pattern and the Goldstone manifold in chiral random matrix theory (chRMT). It also describes the generating function for the Dirac spectrum and applications of chRMT to QCD to gauge degrees of freedom.

scholarly journals Random matrix theory and quantum chromodynamics

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gernot Akemann
Keyword(s):  
Quantum Chromodynamics ◽  
Random Matrix Theory ◽  
Random Matrix ◽  
Chemical Potential ◽  
Matrix Theory ◽  
Space Time ◽  
Gaussian Unitary Ensemble ◽  
Density Correlation ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
Matrix Problems

This chapter was originally presented to a mixed audience of physicists and mathematicians with some basic working knowledge of random matrix theory. The first part is devoted to the solution of the chiral Gaussian unitary ensemble in the presence of characteristic polynomials, using orthogonal polynomial techniques. This includes all eigenvalue density correlation functions, smallest eigenvalue distributions, and their microscopic limit at the origin. These quantities are relevant for the description of the Dirac operator spectrum in quantum chromodynamics with three colors in four Euclidean space-time dimensions. In the second part these two theories are related based on symmetries, and the random matrix approximation is explained. In the last part recent developments are covered, including the effect of finite chemical potential and finite space-time lattice spacing, and their corresponding orthogonal polynomials. This chapter also provides some open random matrix problems.

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