SINGULAR POINTS OF QUADRATIC SYSTEMS: A COMPLETE CLASSIFICATION IN THE COEFFICIENT SPACE ℝ12

2008 ◽  
Vol 18 (02) ◽  
pp. 313-362 ◽  
Author(s):  
JOAN C. ARTES ◽  
JAUME LLIBRE ◽  
NICOLAE VULPE
Keyword(s):  
Limit Cycles ◽  
Quadratic Differential ◽  
Complete Classification ◽  
Quadratic System ◽  
Singular Points ◽  
Differential Systems ◽  
Quadratic Systems ◽  
Algebraic Functions ◽  
Algebraic Invariants

Planar quadratic differential systems occur in many areas of applied mathematics. Although more than one thousand papers were written on these systems, a complete understanding of this class is still missing. Classical problems, and in particular, Hilbert's 16th problem [Hilbert,1900], are still open for this class. Even when not dealing with limit cycles, still some problems have remained unsolved like a complete classification of different phase portraits without limit cycles. For some time it was thought (see [Coppel, 1966]) there could exist a set of algebraic functions whose signs would completely determine the phase portrait of a quadratic system. Nowadays we already know that this is not so, and that there are some analytical, nonalgebraic functions that also play a role when dealing with limit cycles and separatrix connections. However, it is possible to find out a set of algebraic functions whose signs determine the characteristics of all finite and infinite singular points. Most of the work up to now has dealt with this problem studying it using different normal forms adapted to some subclasses of quadratic systems. A general work useful for any quadratic system regardless of affine changes has only been done for the study of infinite singular points [Schlomiuk et al., 2005]. In this paper, we give a complete global classification of quadratic differential systems according to their topological behavior in the vicinity of the finite singular points. Our classification Main Theorem gives us a complete dictionary describing the local behavior of finite singular points using algebraic invariants and comitants which are a powerful tool for algebraic computations. Linking the result of this paper with the main one of [Schlomiuk et al., 2005] which uses the same algebraic invariants, it is possible to complete the algebraic classification of singular points (finite and infinite) for quadratic differential systems.

The Geometry of Quadratic Differential Systems with a Weak Focus of Third Order

2004 ◽  
Vol 56 (2) ◽  
pp. 310-343 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jaume Llibre ◽  
Dana Schlomiuk
Keyword(s):  
Limit Cycles ◽  
Quadratic Differential ◽  
Topological Classification ◽  
Phase Portraits ◽  
Third Order ◽  
Differential Systems ◽  
Quadratic Systems ◽  
Weak Focus ◽  
Affine Invariants ◽  
Geometric Concepts

AbstractIn this article we determine the global geometry of the planar quadratic differential systems with a weak focus of third order. This class plays a significant role in the context of Hilbert's 16-th problem. Indeed, all examples of quadratic differential systems with at least four limit cycles, were obtained by perturbing a system in this family. We use the algebro-geometric concepts of divisor and zero-cycle to encode global properties of the systems and to give structure to this class. We give a theorem of topological classification of such systems in terms of integer-valued affine invariants. According to the possible values taken by them in this family we obtain a total of 18 topologically distinct phase portraits. We show that inside the class of all quadratic systems with the topology of the coefficients, there exists a neighborhood of the family of quadratic systems with a weak focus of third order and which may have graphics but no polycycle in the sense of [15] and no limit cycle, such that any quadratic system in this neighborhood has at most four limit cycles.

Classification of Invariant Algebraic Curves and Nonexistence of Algebraic Limit Cycles in Quadratic Systems from Family (I) of the Chinese Classification

2020 ◽  
Vol 30 (04) ◽  
pp. 2050056 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria V. Demina ◽  
Claudia Valls
Keyword(s):  
Differential System ◽  
Limit Cycles ◽  
Algebraic Curves ◽  
Complete Classification ◽  
Quadratic Systems ◽  
Correct Proof ◽  
Invariant Algebraic Curves ◽  
Algebraic Limit Cycles ◽  
Algebraic Limit

We give the complete classification of irreducible invariant algebraic curves in quadratic systems from family [Formula: see text] of the Chinese classification, that is, of differential system [Formula: see text] with [Formula: see text]. In addition, we provide a complete and correct proof of the nonexistence of algebraic limit cycles for these equations.

THE GEOMETRY OF QUADRATIC DIFFERENTIAL SYSTEMS WITH A WEAK FOCUS OF SECOND ORDER

2006 ◽  
Vol 16 (11) ◽  
pp. 3127-3194 ◽  
Author(s):  
JOAN C. ARTÉS ◽  
JAUME LLIBRE ◽  
DANA SCHLOMIUK
Keyword(s):  
Limit Cycles ◽  
Quadratic Differential ◽  
Second Order ◽  
Phase Portraits ◽  
Nonlinear Phenomena ◽  
Differential Systems ◽  
Quadratic Systems ◽  
Weak Focus ◽  
Bifurcation Set ◽  
The Family

Planar quadratic differential systems occur in many areas of applied mathematics. Although more than one thousand papers were written on these systems, a complete understanding of this class is still missing. Classical problems, and in particular, Hilbert's 16th problem [Hilbert, 1900, 1902], are still open for this class. In this article we make an interdisciplinary global study of the subclass [Formula: see text] which is the closure within real quadratic differential systems, of the family QW2 of all such systems which have a weak focus of second order. This class [Formula: see text] also includes the family of all quadratic differential systems possessing a weak focus of third order and topological equivalents of all quadratic systems with a center. The bifurcation diagram for this class, done in the adequate parameter space which is the three-dimensional real projective space, is quite rich in its complexity and yields 373 subsets with 126 phase portraits for [Formula: see text], 95 for QW2, 20 having limit cycles but only three with the maximum number of limit cycles (two) within this class. The phase portraits are always represented in the Poincaré disc. The bifurcation set is formed by an algebraic set of bifurcations of singularities, finite or infinite and by a set of points which we suspect to be analytic corresponding to global separatrices which have connections. Algebraic invariants were needed to construct the algebraic part of the bifurcation set, symbolic computations to deal with some quite complex invariants and numerical calculations to determine the position of the analytic bifurcation set of connections. The global geometry of this class [Formula: see text] reveals interesting bifurcations phenomena; for example, all phase portraits with limit cycles in this class can be produced by perturbations of symmetric (reversible) quadratic systems with a center. Many other nonlinear phenomena displayed here form material for further studies.

scholarly journals The acyclicity of a quadratic differential system

2021 ◽  
pp. 32-41
Author(s):  
Адам Дамирович Ушхо ◽  
Вячеслав Бесланович Тлячев ◽  
Дамир Салихович Ушхо
Keyword(s):  
Differential Equations ◽  
Differential System ◽  
Limit Cycles ◽  
Quadratic Differential ◽  
Qualitative Theory ◽  
Differential Systems ◽  
Quadratic Systems ◽  
Quadratic Differential System ◽  
Straight Line

Дан краткий обзор некоторых основных публикаций, посвященных исследованию вопроса о предельных циклах и сепаратрисах квадратичных дифференциальных систем. Рассмотрено наличие замкнутых траекторий для определенного класса автономных квадратичных систем на плоскости. Доказательство основано на применении теории прямых изоклин, признаков Дюлака и Бендиксона качественной теории дифференциальных уравнений. Предложенное доказательство покрывает результаты известной работы Л.А. Черкаса и Л.С. Жилевич. We now give a brief overview of some of the main publications devoted to the study of the question of limit cycles and separatrices of quadratic differential systems. In this paper, we consider the existence of closed trajectories for a certain class of autonomous quadratic systems on the plane. The proof is based on the application of the theory of straight line isoclines, Dulac and Bendixon criteria of the qualitative theory of differential equations. The proposed proof covers the results of the well-known work of L.A. Cherkas and L.S. Zhilevich.

scholarly journals Quadratic systems with a weak focus

1991 ◽  
Vol 44 (3) ◽  
pp. 511-526 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhang Pingguang ◽  
Cai Suilin
Keyword(s):  
Singular Point ◽  
Limit Cycle ◽  
Limit Cycles ◽  
Relative Position ◽  
Quadratic System ◽  
Singular Points ◽  
Finite Plane ◽  
Quadratic Systems ◽  
Weak Focus

In this paper we study the number and the relative position of the limit cycles of a plane quadratic system with a weak focus. In particular, we prove the limit cycles of such a system can never have (2, 2)-distribution, and that there is at most one limit cycle not surrounding this weak focus under any one of the following conditions:(i) the system has at least 2 saddles in the finite plane,(ii) the system has more than 2 finite singular points and more than 1 singular point at infinity,(iii) the system has exactly 2 finite singular points, more than 1 singular point at infinity, and the weak focus is itself surrounded by at least one limit cycle.

A Class of Three-Dimensional Quadratic Systems with Ten Limit Cycles

2016 ◽  
Vol 26 (09) ◽  
pp. 1650149 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chaoxiong Du ◽  
Yirong Liu ◽  
Wentao Huang
Keyword(s):  
Hopf Bifurcation ◽  
Limit Cycles ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Singular Value ◽  
Singular Points ◽  
Quadratic Systems ◽  
Symmetric Points ◽  
Fifth Order

Our work is concerned with a class of three-dimensional quadratic systems with two symmetric singular points which can yield ten small limit cycles. The method used is singular value method, we obtain the expressions of the first five focal values of the two singular points that the system has. Both singular symmetric points can be fine foci of fifth order at the same time. Moreover, we obtain that each one bifurcates five small limit cycles under a certain coefficient perturbed condition, consequently, at least ten limit cycles can appear by simultaneous Hopf bifurcation.

The number of limit cycles of certain polynomial differential equations

1984 ◽  
Vol 98 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 215-239 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. R. Blows ◽  
N. G. Lloyd
Keyword(s):  
Differential Equations ◽  
Limit Cycles ◽  
Small Amplitude ◽  
Two Dimensional ◽  
Differential Systems ◽  
Quadratic Systems ◽  
Polynomial Differential Equations ◽  
Image Position ◽  
Cubic Systems

SynopsisTwo-dimensional differential systemsare considered, where P and Q are polynomials. The question of interest is the maximum possible numberof limit cycles of such systems in terms of the degree of P and Q. An algorithm is described for determining a so-called focal basis; this can be implemented on a computer. Estimates can then be obtained for the number of small-amplitude limit cycles. The technique is applied to certain cubic systems; a class of examples with exactly five small-amplitude limit cycles is constructed. Quadratic systems are also considered.

On certain types of isolated s-ple points on algebraic primals in Sd

1962 ◽  
Vol 58 (3) ◽  
pp. 465-475
Author(s):  
J. Herszberg
Keyword(s):  
Finite Number ◽  
Tangent Cone ◽  
Double Point ◽  
Complete Classification ◽  
Singular Points ◽  
Multiple Points ◽  
Rank Zero ◽  
Double Points

Singular points on irreducible primals were investigated briefly by C. Segre(8), where the author classified multiple points by the nature of the nodal tangent cone. For surfaces the problem of classification was investigated by, amongst others, Du Val(1) and a complete classification of isolated double points of surfaces lying on non-singular threefolds was given by Kirby(5). In (3) we classified certain types of double points on algebraic primals in Sn. An isolated double point which after a finite number of resolutions gave rise to at most a finite number of isolated double points was called a double point of rank zero. We found that the only isolated double points of rank zero are those which are analogous to the binodes, unodes and exceptional unodes (2) of surfaces.

Hopf Bifurcation of Z2-Equivariant Generalized Liénard Systems

2018 ◽  
Vol 28 (06) ◽  
pp. 1850069 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yusen Wu ◽  
Laigang Guo ◽  
Yufu Chen
Keyword(s):  
Hopf Bifurcation ◽  
Limit Cycles ◽  
Small Amplitude ◽  
Polynomial Function ◽  
Complete Classification ◽  
Normal Form Theory ◽  
Liénard Systems ◽  
Form Theory ◽  
Center Conditions

In this paper, we consider a class of Liénard systems, described by [Formula: see text], with [Formula: see text] symmetry. Particular attention is given to the existence of small-amplitude limit cycles around fine foci when [Formula: see text] is an odd polynomial function and [Formula: see text] is an even function. Using the methods of normal form theory, we found some new and better lower bounds of the maximal number of small-amplitude limit cycles in these systems. Moreover, a complete classification of the center conditions is obtained for such systems.

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