scholarly journals GAMMA-RAY BURST PROMPT EMISSION

2014 ◽  
Vol 23 (02) ◽  
pp. 1430002 ◽  
Author(s):  
BING ZHANG
Keyword(s):  
Gamma Ray ◽  
Spectral Component ◽  
Broad Band ◽  
Current Data ◽  
Radiation Mechanism ◽  
Main Band ◽  
Gamma Ray Burst ◽  
Open Questions ◽  
Dominant Band ◽  
Prompt Emission

The origin of gamma-ray burst (GRB) prompt emission, bursts of γ-rays lasting from shorter than one second to thousands of seconds, remains not fully understood after more than 40 years of observations. The uncertainties lie in several open questions in the GRB physics, including jet composition, energy dissipation mechanism, particle acceleration mechanism and radiation mechanism. Recent broad-band observations of prompt emission with Fermi sharpen the debates in these areas, which stimulated intense theoretical investigations invoking very different ideas. I will review these debates, and argue that the current data suggest the following picture: A quasi-thermal spectral component originating from the photosphere of the relativistic ejecta has been detected in some GRBs. Even though in some cases (e.g. GRB 090902B) this component dominates the spectrum, in most GRBs, this component either forms a sub-dominant "shoulder" spectral component in the low energy spectral regime of the more dominant "Band" component, or is not detectable at all. The main "Band" spectral component likely originates from the optically thin region due to synchrotron radiation. The diverse magnetization in the GRB central engine is likely the origin of the observed diverse prompt emission properties among bursts.

Some Recent Developments in γ-ray Burst Afterglow and Prompt Emission Models

2003 ◽  
Vol 214 ◽  
pp. 311-320
Author(s):  
Bing Zhang ◽  
Peter Mészáros ◽  
Junfeng Wang
Keyword(s):  
Gamma Ray ◽  
Current Data ◽  
Spectral Domain ◽  
Gamma Ray Burst ◽  
Temporal Domain ◽  
Global View ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
Emission Models ◽  
Γ Ray ◽  
Prompt Emission

Extensive observational campaigns of afterglow hunting have greatly enriched our understanding of the gamma-ray burst (GRB) phenomenon. Efforts have been made recently to explore some afterglow properties or signatures that will be tested by the on-going or the future observational campaigns yet come. These include the properties of GRB early afterglows in the temporal domain; the GeV-TeV afterglow signatures in the spectral domain; as well as a global view about the GRB universal structured jet configuration. These recent efforts are reviewed. Within the standard cosmological fireball model, the very model(s) responsible for the GRB prompt emission is (are) not identified. These models are critically reviewed and confronted with the current data.

scholarly journals Prompt emission from the counter jet of a short gamma-ray burst

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ryo Yamazaki ◽  
Kunihito Ioka ◽  
Takashi Nakamura
Keyword(s):  
Gamma Ray ◽  
Gamma Ray Burst ◽  
Prompt Emission

scholarly journals Time-resolved GRB polarization with POLAR and GBM

2019 ◽  
Vol 627 ◽  
pp. A105 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. M. Burgess ◽  
M. Kole ◽  
F. Berlato ◽  
J. Greiner ◽  
G. Vianello ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gamma Ray ◽  
Single Pulse ◽  
Current Data ◽  
Gamma Ray Bursts ◽  
Polarization Angle ◽  
Analysis Pipeline ◽  
Time Resolved ◽  
Polarization Models ◽  
Probabilistic Context ◽  
Prompt Emission

Context. Simultaneousγ-ray measurements ofγ-ray burst spectra and polarization offer a unique way to determine the underlying emission mechanism(s) in these objects, as well as probing the particle acceleration mechanism(s) that lead to the observedγ-ray emission.Aims. We examine the jointly observed data from POLAR andFermi-GBM of GRB 170114A to determine its spectral and polarization properties, and seek to understand the emission processes that generate these observations. We aim to develop an extensible and statistically sound framework for these types of measurements applicable to other instruments.Methods. We leveraged the existing3MLanalysis framework to develop a new analysis pipeline for simultaneously modeling the spectral and polarization data. We derived the proper Poisson likelihood forγ-ray polarization measurements in the presence of background. The developed framework is publicly available for similar measurements with otherγ-ray polarimeters. The data are analyzed within a Bayesian probabilistic context and the spectral data from both instruments are simultaneously modeled with a physical, numerical synchrotron code.Results. The spectral modeling of the data is consistent with a synchrotron photon model as has been found in a majority of similarly analyzed single-pulse gamma-ray bursts. The polarization results reveal a slight trend of growing polarization in time reaching values of ∼30% at the temporal peak of the emission. We also observed that the polarization angle evolves with time throughout the emission. These results suggest a synchrotron origin of the emission but further observations of many GRBs are required to verify these evolutionary trends. Furthermore, we encourage the development of time-resolved polarization models for the prompt emission of gamma-ray bursts as the current models are not predictive enough to enable a full modeling of our current data.

scholarly journals GAMMA-RAY BURSTS: PROGRESS, PROBLEMS & PROSPECTS

2004 ◽  
Vol 19 (15) ◽  
pp. 2385-2472 ◽  
Author(s):  
BING ZHANG ◽  
PETER MÉSZÁROS
Keyword(s):  
Gamma Ray ◽  
Gamma Ray Bursts ◽  
Current Understanding ◽  
Shock Model ◽  
Gamma Ray Burst ◽  
Prompt Emission

The cosmological gamma-ray burst (GRB) phenomenon is reviewed. The broad observational facts and empirical phenomenological relations of the GRB prompt emission and afterglow are outlined. A well-tested, successful fireball shock model is introduced in a pedagogical manner. Several important uncertainties in the current understanding of the phenomenon are reviewed, and prospects of how future experiments and extensive observational and theoretical efforts may address these problems are discussed.

scholarly journals Gamma Ray Burst Prompt Emission Variability in Synchrotron and Synchrotron Self-Compton Lightcurves

2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lekshmi Resmi ◽  
Bing Zhang ◽  
J. E. McEnery ◽  
J. L. Racusin ◽  
N. Gehrels
Keyword(s):  
Gamma Ray ◽  
Gamma Ray Burst ◽  
Prompt Emission

scholarly journals Gamma-Ray Burst Prompt Correlations

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-31 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. G. Dainotti ◽  
R. Del Vecchio ◽  
M. Tarnopolski
Keyword(s):  
Gamma Ray ◽  
Theoretical Models ◽  
Gamma Ray Bursts ◽  
Gamma Ray Burst ◽  
The Past ◽  
Two Parameter ◽  
Prompt Emission

The mechanism responsible for the prompt emission of gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) is still a debated issue. The prompt phase-related GRB correlations can allow discriminating among the most plausible theoretical models explaining this emission. We present an overview of the observational two-parameter correlations, their physical interpretations, and their use as redshift estimators and possibly as cosmological tools. The nowadays challenge is to make GRBs, the farthest stellar-scaled objects observed (up to redshift z=9.4), standard candles through well established and robust correlations. However, GRBs spanning several orders of magnitude in their energetics are far from being standard candles. We describe the advances in the prompt correlation research in the past decades, with particular focus paid to the discoveries in the last 20 years.

scholarly journals The POLAR gamma-ray burst polarization catalog

2020 ◽  
Vol 644 ◽  
pp. A124 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Kole ◽  
N. De Angelis ◽  
F. Berlato ◽  
J. M. Burgess ◽  
N. Gauvin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Linear Polarization ◽  
Gamma Ray ◽  
Integrated Analysis ◽  
Polarization Angle ◽  
Analysis Tool ◽  
Time Resolved ◽  
Gamma Ray Burst ◽  
Polarization Measurements ◽  
Open Questions ◽  
Polarization Studies

Context. Despite over 50 years of research, many open questions remain about the origin and nature of gamma-ray bursts (GRBs). Linear polarization measurements of the prompt emission of these extreme phenomena have long been thought to be key to answering a range of these questions. The POLAR detector was designed to produce the first set of detailed and reliable linear polarization measurements in the 50 − 500 keV energy range. During late 2016 and early 2017, POLAR detected a total of 55 GRBs. The analysis results of 5 of these GRBs have been reported, and were found to be consistent with a low or unpolarized flux. However, previous reports by other collaborations found high levels of linear polarization, including some as high as 90%. Aims. We study the linear polarization for the 14 GRBs observed by POLAR for which statistically robust inferences are possible. Additionally, time-resolved polarization studies are performed on GRBs with sufficient apparent flux. Methods. A publicly available polarization analysis tool, developed within the Multi-Mission Maximum Likelihood framework (3ML), was used to produce statistically robust results. The method allows spectral and polarimetric data from POLAR to be combined with spectral data from the Fermi Gamma-ray Burst Monitor (Fermi-GBM) and the Neil Gehrels Swift Observatory to jointly model the spectral and polarimetric parameters. Results. The time-integrated analysis finds all results to be compatible with low or zero polarization with the caveat that, when time-resolved analysis is possible within individual pulses, we observe moderate linear polarization with a rapidly changing polarization angle. Therefore, time-integrated polarization results, while pointing to lower polarization, are potentially an artifact of summing over the changing polarization signal and thus washing out the true moderate polarization. We therefore caution against overinterpretation of any time-integrated results inferred herein and encourage the community to wait for more detailed polarization measurements from forthcoming missions such as POLAR-2 and LEAP.

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