HOW STIGMA FROM THE PUBLIC AND SIGNIFICANT OTHERS AFFECTS SELF-PERCEPTION IN PEOPLE WITH MENTAL ILLNESS IN HONG KONG: A QUALITATIVE STUDY

This study aims to explore the interrelationship between different types of stigma experienced by people with mental illness. A multiple case studies approach was adopted, and semi-structured in-depth interviews were conducted with ten Chinese with mental illness in Hong Kong. Thematic analysis of the data revealed that the respondents were stigmatized by the public, their significant others, and themselves. Results suggested that stigma from the public and significant others might have remarkable association with self-stigma among the respondents. Moreover, self-stigma might reinforce the sense of powerlessness and the adoption of negative coping strategies. A self-disruptive vicious cycle of stigma of people with mental illness is proposed and discussed.

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Looking for Better Options

Innovation in Real Places ◽

10.1093/oso/9780197508114.003.0009 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 116-136

Author(s):

Dan Breznitz

Keyword(s):

Public Sector ◽

Private Sector ◽

Case Studies ◽

Institutional Design ◽

Public Agencies ◽

Private Industry ◽

The Public ◽

Different Types ◽

Multiple Case ◽

Multiple Case Studies

But how should a community manage its efforts? Locales seeking to promote innovation-based growth must think carefully not only about the needed actions, but also about the public agencies chosen to lead them. Strikingly, there has been almost no research on how to design and develop innovation agencies. Further, anyone who wants to model innovation agencies on the example of successful organizations could be forgiven for ending in utter confusion. Effective innovation agencies include large, powerful, central organizations as well as small, lightly funded ones. Some innovation agencies have clear technological objectives and manage much of the research themselves, whereas others have delegated these decisions to private sector actors. In short, there is considerable variation, with no clear lessons. The chapter cuts through this fog by demonstrating that the different designs of innovation agencies are similar to the different innovation models needed to excel in different stages of production, and each of which necessitates different set of capabilities. Effective institutional design thus depends on an agency’s mission or the specific type of innovation it seeks to pursue. The chapter distinguishes among four different types of innovation agencies, illustrated by multiple case studies: “directed upgraders,” “productivity facilitators,” “state-led disruptors,” and “transformation enablers.” These categories reflect different choices concerning (i) the level of public sector R&D involvement, (ii) the positioning of the agencies within the public sector, and (iii) the degree of embedding within private industry. Building on these case studies, the chapter discusses the implications for communities as they plan their innovation-based future.

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Instrumental teaching as ‘the noblest and the most under-praised job’: multiple case studies of three Hong Kong instrumental teachers

Music Education Research ◽

10.1080/14613808.2021.2015309 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 1-14

Author(s):

King Cheung Calvin Lee ◽

Bo Wah Leung

Keyword(s):

Hong Kong ◽

Case Studies ◽

Multiple Case ◽

Multiple Case Studies

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Service users' experiences of residential alternatives to standard acute wards: qualitative study of similarities and differences

The British Journal of Psychiatry ◽

10.1192/bjp.bp.110.081075 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 197 (S53) ◽

pp. s26-s31 ◽

Cited By ~ 36

Author(s):

Helen Gilburt ◽

Mike Slade ◽

Diana Rose ◽

Brynmor Lloyd-Evans ◽

Sonia Johnson ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Mental Illness ◽

Qualitative Study ◽

Peer Support ◽

Service Users ◽

Hospital Services ◽

Subjective Experiences ◽

People With Mental Illness ◽

Similarities And Differences ◽

Depth Interviews ◽

Acute Wards

BackgroundLittle is known about the preferences and experiences of people with mental illness in relation to residential alternatives to hospital.AimsTo explore patients' subjective experiences of traditional hospital services and residential alternatives to hospital.MethodIn-depth interviews were conducted with 40 purposively selected patients in residential alternative services who had previously experienced hospital in-patient stays. Transcripts were coded and analysed for thematic content.ResultsPatients reported an overall preference for residential alternatives. These were identified as treating patients with lower levels of disturbance, being safer, having more freedom and decreased coercion, and having less paternalistic staff compared with traditional in-patient services. However, patients identified no substantial difference between their relationships with staff overall and the care provided between the two types of services.ConclusionsFor patients who have acute mental illness but lower levels of disturbance, residential alternatives offer a preferable environment to traditional hospital services: they minimise coercion and maximise freedom, safety and opportunities for peer support.

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Emotional reactions to people with mental illness

Epidemiologia e Psichiatria Sociale ◽

10.1017/s1121189x00001573 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 19 (1) ◽

pp. 26-32 ◽

Cited By ~ 44

Author(s):

Matthias C. Angermeyer ◽

Anita Holzinger ◽

Herbert Matschinger

Keyword(s):

Mental Illness ◽

Mental Disorder ◽

Social Distance ◽

Emotional Response ◽

Substantial Effect ◽

Emotional Reactions ◽

The Public ◽

People With Mental Illness ◽

Stigma Of Mental Illness ◽

Different Cultures

Aims– Based on findings from population surveys, we provide an overview of the public's emotional reactions to people with mental illness.Methods– A literature search for populations studies using measures of emotional response to people with mental illness was carried out. In addition, data on the public's emotional reactions, originating from representative surveys conducted in Germany in the years 1990, 1993 and 2001, were analysed.Results– Positive emotional reactions to people with mental illness are most prevalent, followed by fear and anger. This pattern appears relatively stable across different cultures. In recent years, the emotional response of the public remained unchanged or even deteriorated. The public seems to react quite differently to people with different mental disorders. Emotional reactions have a substantial effect on the desire for social distance. The association between familiarity with mental disorder and the desire for social distance is to a considerable extent mediated through emotions.Conclusions– The public's emotional reactions to people with mental disorder are relatively under-researched. More research may help better understand the complexities of the stigma surrounding mental illness. Interventions aimed at reducing the stigma of mental illness may benefit from paying more attention to emotions.

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Resolving mental illness stigma: Should we seek normalcy or solidarity?

The British Journal of Psychiatry ◽

10.1192/bjp.bp.115.169664 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 208 (4) ◽

pp. 314-315 ◽

Cited By ~ 16

Author(s):

Patrick W. Corrigan

Keyword(s):

Mental Illness ◽

Mental Illness Stigma ◽

The Public ◽

People With Mental Illness ◽

Stigma Of Mental Illness ◽

Pros And Cons

SummaryTwo approaches have emerged to deal with the stigma of mental illness: normalcy, where people with mental illness are framed as ‘just like everyone else’; and solidarity, where the public agrees to stand with those with mental illness regardless of their symptoms. Pros and cons of each approach are considered.

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Promoting Recovery in Mental Illness: The Perspectives of Patients, Caregivers, and Community Members in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania

Psychiatry Journal ◽

10.1155/2020/3607414 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 2020 ◽

pp. 1-11

Author(s):

Masunga K. Iseselo ◽

Joel Seme Ambikile

Keyword(s):

Mental Health ◽

Mental Illness ◽

Support System ◽

Care Management ◽

Community Setting ◽

Recovery Process ◽

Dar Es Salaam ◽

Community Members ◽

People With Mental Illness ◽

Depth Interviews

Background. Promoting mental health and care in the community setting leads to the recovery of patients with mental illness. Although recovery in mental health is a complex phenomenon, caregivers and community members have important roles to play in the recovery process for patients with mental illness. Little is documented on how recovery is promoted in the community setting. This study explored the experience of patients, caregivers, and community members on how recovery can be realized in a patient with severe mental illness in Dar es Salaam. Methods. We conducted four focus group discussions (FGDs): two with caregivers and the other two with community members. Also, six in-depth interviews were held with patients with mental illness. Participants were purposively selected based on the type of information needed. Both FGD and in-depth interviews were digitally recorded and transcribed. Qualitative content analysis was used to analyze data. Findings. Four themes emerged from this study, which include promoting patients’ participation in household activities, improving patients’ support system, promoting patients’ self-care management, and providing safety and protection among patients with mental illness. However, financial, psychological, and establishing care and support centers and professional supports emerged as subthemes from patients’ support system. Conclusion. Caregivers and community members are significant stakeholders for promoting recovery for people with mental illness. The current study reveals that patients’ involvement in home activities, promoting self-care management, improving patients’ support systems, and providing safety and protection are important factors that promote recovery for people with mental illness. Advocating mental health awareness for caregivers and community members will bridge the gap to enhance the recovery for people with mental illness. Further research is needed in this area to explore the health care providers’ perspectives on the recovery process of mental illness in the hospital setting.

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Controversies in Psychiatric Services in Hong Kong: Social Workers’ Superiority and Inferiority Complexes

International Social Work ◽

10.1177/0020872804039365 ◽

2004 ◽

Vol 47 (2) ◽

pp. 240-258 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Kam-shingy Yip

Keyword(s):

Mental Illness ◽

Hong Kong ◽

Social Workers ◽

Psychiatric Services ◽

People With Mental Illness

The article reveals the results of research done by means of interviews of 63 social workers in psychiatric services in Hong Kong. The ways that social workers defined, perceived and performed psychotherapy for people with mental illness were explored. The findings showed that because of the deprofessionalized context, social workers in these psychiatric services had either superiority or inferiority complexes about providing psychotherapy.

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Evaluating the Effectiveness of Mental Health First Aid Program for Chinese People in Hong Kong

Research on Social Work Practice ◽

10.1177/1049731515585149 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 27 (1) ◽

pp. 59-67 ◽

Cited By ~ 13

Author(s):

Daniel F. K. Wong ◽

Ying Lau ◽

Sylvia Kwok ◽

Prudence Wong ◽

Christopher Tori

Keyword(s):

Mental Health ◽

Mental Illness ◽

Hong Kong ◽

Health Knowledge ◽

First Aid ◽

Mental Health First Aid ◽

Chinese People ◽

People With Mental Illness ◽

Good Mental Health ◽

Quasi Experimental

Purpose: Chinese people generally lack knowledge of mental illness. Such phenomenon may lead to a delay in seeking psychiatric treatments. This study evaluated the effectiveness of Mental Health First Aid (MHFA) program in improving mental health knowledge of the general public in Hong Kong. Methods: A quasi-experimental design was adopted whereby 138 participants received MHFA training and 139 partook in seminars on general health, respectively. All participants filled out a standardized questionnaire before, at the end, and 6-month after the training. Results: Findings demonstrated that MHFA training might be effective in enhancing participants’ knowledge of mental disorders, reducing stigma, and improving perceived confidence in providing help to people with mental illness. Effect size statistics revealed mostly modest to moderate improvements in major variables in the experimental group. Conclusion: It is recommended that culturally attuned MHFA program can be used as prevention strategy to promote good mental health in Chinese communities.

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