VIRTUAL PROPRIOCEPTION

2008 ◽  
Vol 08 (03) ◽  
pp. 317-338 ◽  
Author(s):  
ROBERT LEMOYNE ◽  
CRISTIAN COROIAN ◽  
TIMOTHY MASTROIANNI ◽  
WARREN GRUNDFEST
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
Microelectromechanical Systems ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Cortical Reorganization ◽  
Alternative Strategies ◽  
Lateral Epicondyle ◽  
Hemiparetic Gait ◽  
Acceleration Data ◽  
Mems Accelerometers ◽  
Technology Advance

Virtual proprioception represents a novel means of developing cortical reorganization of alternative strategies for hemiparetic gait. Fundamentals of the device are motor control plasticity, aftereffect, and visual-based biofeedback. Two wireless three-dimensional (3D) microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) accelerometers are placed on the femur (upper leg) of both the affected and unaffected limbs above the lateral epicondyle next to the knee joint. The acceleration data from the two wireless 3D MEMS accelerometers are fed back to the user in real time by visual output from a portable laptop PC. Given the virtual proprioception feedback, the user can then adjust the original gait while walking to an improved alternative gait strategy. First, hemiparetic gait is comprehensively discussed. The inherent roles of proprioception with locomotion and issues with traumatic brain injury are considered. Then, the technology advance of accelerometers and gait analysis is detailed. Virtual proprioception is tested and evaluated, while demonstrating the capacity to improve disparities in hemiparetic gait during real time.

QUANTIFIED DEEP TENDON REFLEX DEVICE FOR RESPONSE AND LATENCY, THIRD GENERATION

2008 ◽  
Vol 08 (04) ◽  
pp. 491-506 ◽  
Author(s):  
ROBERT LEMOYNE ◽  
CRISTIAN COROIAN ◽  
TIMOTHY MASTROIANNI ◽  
WARREN GRUNDFEST
Keyword(s):  
Neurological Examination ◽  
Evaluation System ◽  
Microelectromechanical Systems ◽  
Deep Tendon Reflex ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Reflex Response ◽  
Electrodiagnostic Testing ◽  
Test And Evaluation ◽  
Tendon Reflex ◽  
Mems Accelerometers

Deep tendon reflex is fundamental for a neurological examination. A hyperactive reflex response is correlated with spasticity, which can also be associated with the degree of damage to the supraspinal input, essentially assessing the severity of traumatic brain injury. Clinical evaluation of the myotatic stretch reflex is provided by the National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NINDS) Myotatic Reflex Scale (0 to 4); however, the results of the NINDS Myotatic Reflex Scale vary in terms of interpretation and lack temporal data. Deep tendon reflex can assess the severity and degree of peripheral neuropathy. Subsequent to the neurological examination, suspect patients are often referred to a specialist for definitive electrodiagnostic testing. A study by Cocito found that 28% of the prescriptions for testing were considered to be inappropriate. Therefore, the solution is a fully quantified tendon reflex evaluation system. The input force of the reflex hammer is derived from a predetermined potential energy setting. Tandem wireless three-dimensional (3D) microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) accelerometers quantify the output and latency time of the reflex. The wireless 3D MEMS accelerometers are positioned to a standard anchor point near the ankle and reflex hammer swing arm. Reflex response is quantified by the maximum and minimum components of the acceleration profile. The temporal disparity between hammer strike and response defines the latency of the reflex loop. The quantified data collected from wireless 3D MEMS accelerometers are conveyed to a portable computer. Enclosed are the initial test and evaluation and the description of such a device, which quantitatively evaluates the reflex response and latency using wireless 3D MEMS accelerometers, while demonstrating precision for reproducibility.

Evaluation of the mitral valve by transthoracic real-time three-dimensional echocardiography

2010 ◽  
Vol 151 (21) ◽  
pp. 854-863 ◽  
Author(s):  
Attila Nemes ◽  
Marcel L. Geleijnse ◽  
Osama I. I. Soliman ◽  
Wim B. Vletter ◽  
Jackie S. McGhie ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mitral Valve ◽  
Real Time ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Dimensional Echocardiography ◽  
Three Dimensional Echocardiography

Jelenleg az echokardiográfia a legszéleskörűbben alkalmazott rutin noninvazív diagnosztikus eljárás, amelynek segítségével a mitralis billentyű morfológiája és funkciója jellemezhető. Ennek az összefoglaló jellegű közleménynek a célja az egyik legújabb echokardiográfiás fejlesztés, a transthoracalis real-time háromdimenziós echokardiográfia szerepének bemutatása a mitralis billentyű vizsgálatában.

A Real-Time Mathematical Model for Three-Dimensional Tidal Flow and Water Quality

1991 ◽  
Vol 24 (6) ◽  
pp. 171-177 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zeng Fantang ◽  
Xu Zhencheng ◽  
Chen Xiancheng
Keyword(s):  
Mathematical Model ◽  
Water Quality ◽  
Real Time ◽  
Control Volume ◽  
Tidal Flow ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
River Estuary ◽  
Pearl River Estuary ◽  
Practical Application ◽  
The Pearl River

A real-time mathematical model for three-dimensional tidal flow and water quality is presented in this paper. A control-volume-based difference method and a “power interpolation distribution” advocated by Patankar (1984) have been employed, and a concept of “separating the top-layer water” has been developed to solve the movable boundary problem. The model is unconditionally stable and convergent. Practical application of the model is illustrated by an example for the Pearl River Estuary.

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