ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT OF R&D PROGRAMMES: THE CASE OF THE DANISH ForskEL PROGRAMME

Despite their important role in shaping the technologies of the future, public research and development (R&D) programmes are rarely based on systematic assessments of the environmental effects. R&D programmes thus allocate a huge amount of financial resources to projects, which potentially may cause severe negative environmental impacts. This paper presents an innovative environmental assessment practice on R&D programmes in Denmark. It reports on the challenges and experiences of assessing the Danish R&D programme ForskEL, which promotes R&D projects within the electricity sector. The programme is characterised by uncertainty about impacts and incomparable project types and technologies. A methodology for dealing with these challenges is presented, and experiences from a testing of the methodology on the 2012 programme are reflected upon. Finally the assessment is discussed in terms of its potential for making a difference for the future development and deployment of renewable energy.

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Early Numerical Analysis in Kepler's New Astronomy

Science in Context ◽

10.1017/s0269889709990238 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 23 (1) ◽

pp. 39-63

Author(s):

Steinar Thorvaldsen

Keyword(s):

Numerical Analysis ◽

Numerical Methods ◽

Future Development ◽

Transcendental Equation ◽

Computational Power ◽

Huge Amount ◽

Johannes Kepler ◽

The Future ◽

Novel Methods ◽

Improved Methods

ArgumentJohannes Kepler published hisAstronomia novain 1609, based upon a huge amount of computations. The aim of this paper is to show that Kepler's new astronomy was grounded on methods from numerical analysis. In his research he applied and improved methods that required iterative calculations, and he developed precompiled mathematical tables to solve the problems, including a transcendental equation. Kepler was aware of the shortcomings of his novel methods, and called for a new Apollonius to offer a formal mathematical deduction. He was also in great need of computational power, and his friend and colleague, Wilhelm Schickard, constructed the first prototype of a true mechanical calculator, although it never came into regular use. The article concludes that Kepler's new astronomy was clearly backed up by numerical methods and embedded concepts and challenges of great importance for the future development of numerical analysis.

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The present status and the future development of renewable energy in China

Renewable Energy ◽

10.1016/0960-1481(96)00085-7 ◽

1997 ◽

Vol 10 (2-3) ◽

pp. 319-322 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Luguang Yan ◽

Li Kong

Keyword(s):

Renewable Energy ◽

Future Development ◽

Present Status ◽

The Future

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Obecny stan badań nad Zagładą na Ukrainie

Zagłada Żydów. Studia i Materiały ◽

10.32927/zzsim.558 ◽

2014 ◽

pp. 889-915

Author(s):

Anna Abakunkova

Keyword(s):

Future Development ◽

The State ◽

Significant Part ◽

Educational Organizations ◽

Major Research ◽

Holocaust Studies ◽

The Holocaust ◽

The Future

The article examines the state of the Holocaust historiography in Ukraine for the period of 2010 – beginning of 2014. The review analyzes activities of major research and educational organizations in Ukraine which have significant part of projects devoted to the Holocaust; main publications and discussions on the Holocaust in Ukraine, including publications of Ukrainian authors in academic European and American journals. The article illustrates contemporary tendencies and conditions of the Holocaust Studies in Ukraine, defines major problems and shows perspectives of the future development of the Holocaust historiography in Ukraine.

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Remedies for Breach of Contract: The Future Development of Scots Law in its European and International Context

Edinburgh Law Review ◽

10.3366/elr.1997.1.2.200 ◽

1997 ◽

Vol 1 (2) ◽

pp. 200-226 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Hector L MacQueen

Keyword(s):

Future Development ◽

European Contract ◽

Breach Of Contract ◽

International Context ◽

The United Kingdom ◽

Current State ◽

The Future ◽

University Of Edinburgh ◽

International Conventions ◽

Law Commission

This paper,first presented on 21 October 1995 at ajoint seminar ofthe Scottish Law Commission and the Faculty of Law, University of Edinburgh, on the subject of breach of contract, considers the future development of the law in this area, first by considering its history and current state in comparative terms and drawing the conclusion that it is characterised by a mixture of Civilian and Common Law elements; second, by comparing Scots law with the provisions on breach contained in recently published proposals for a harmonised law of contract (the UNIDROIT Principles of International Commercial Contracts, the Principles of European Contract Law prepared by the Lando Commission, and the draft “code”for the United Kingdom prepared on behalf of the English Law Commission by Harvey McGregor in the late 1960s) and in international conventions on the sale of goods. Although Scots law emerges reasonably wellfrom this exercise, there are a number of points to be taken on board in any future reform, as well as some insights into important underlying principles.

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