SERVICEABILITY OF NATURAL GAS DISTRIBUTION NETWORKS AFTER EARTHQUAKES

2013 ◽  
Vol 07 (02) ◽  
pp. 1350005 ◽  
Author(s):  
GIAN PAOLO CIMELLARO ◽  
ALESSANDRO DE STEFANO ◽  
OMAR VILLA
Keyword(s):  
Natural Gas ◽  
Distribution Network ◽  
Distribution Networks ◽  
Small Towns ◽  
Disaster Resilience ◽  
Gas Distribution ◽  
Gas Network ◽  
Resilience Index ◽  
Entire Network

The concept of disaster resilience has received considerable attention in recent years and it is increasingly used as an approach for understanding the dynamics of natural disaster systems. No models are available in literature to measure the performance of natural gas network, therefore, in this paper, a new performance index measuring functionality of gas distribution network have been proposed to evaluate the resilience index of the entire network. It can be used for any type of natural or manmade hazard which might lead to the disruption of the system. The gas distribution network of the municipalities of Introdacqua and Sulmona, two small towns in the center of Italy which were affected by 2009 earthquake have been used as case study. Together the pipeline network covers an area of 136 km2, with 3 M/R stations and 16 regulation groups. The software SynerGEE has been used to simulate different scenario events. The numerical results showed that, during emergency, to ensure an acceptable delivery service, it is crucial to guarantee the functionality of the medium pressure gas distribution network. Instead to improve resilience of the entire network the best retrofit strategy is to include emergency shutoff valves along the pipes.

Detection and quantification method intercomparison of methane emission from natural gas distribution network leaks in Hamburg, Germany

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hossein Maazallahi ◽  
Antonio Delre ◽  
Lena Buth ◽  
Anders Michael Fredenslund ◽  
Ina Nagler ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Natural Gas ◽  
Distribution Network ◽  
Distribution Networks ◽  
Methane Emissions ◽  
Survey Method ◽  
Emission Rates ◽  
Gas Distribution ◽  
Tracer Gas ◽  
Moving Vehicle ◽  
Release Method

<p>On October 14, 2020 the European Commission adopted the EU methane strategy[1]. Measurement-based reporting of methane emissions will be crucial and may become legally binding. A variety of different methods are in use to quantify methane emissions from natural gas distribution networks, some attempting to quantify the pipeline leak under the ground, others attempting to quantify the emissions to the atmosphere. Comparisons between these methods are essential, as each method has its own advantages and limitations. In August and September 2020, we conducted an extensive campaign to compare three different methods, the mobile survey method, the tracer release method, and the suction techniques, to quantify emission rates of leaks from the natural gas distribution network in Hamburg, Germany. The mobile measurement technique employed two different cavity ringdown analyzers to identify and quantify methane, ethane and carbon dioxide using a moving vehicle. The tracer release technique measured methane and the tracer gas acetylene also with fast laser methods during driving or stationary deployment in a vehicle at an identified leak location. The suction method deployed soil sondes around an identified leak and measured methane in a stream of air pumped out of the soil until an equilibrium was reached.  In total, we targeted 20 locations that had been identified by mobile measurements or by the routine leak detection of the local gas utility, GasNetz Hamburg. For numerous locations we detected several emission outlets from e.g., cavities, cracks or drains and we used measurements of the ethane to methane ratio to identify possible mixture of fossil and microbial sources. We will compare the different quantification methods, including their suitability for routine application and precision and accuracy in emission quantification.</p><div><br><div> <p>[1] https://ec.europa.eu/energy/sites/ener/files/eu_methane_strategy.pdf</p> </div> </div>

scholarly journals An improvement of Hardy Cross method applied on looped spatial natural gas distribution networks

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dejan Brkic
Keyword(s):  
Gas Flow ◽  
Solution Method ◽  
Distribution Networks ◽  
Original Method ◽  
Gas Distribution ◽  
Gas Network ◽  
Hardy Cross ◽  
Successive Substitution ◽  
Newton Raphson ◽  
Looped Network

Hardy Cross method is common for calculation of loops-like gas distribution networks with known node gas consumptions. This method is given in two forms: original Hardy Cross method-successive substitution methods and improved-simultaneous solution method (Newton-Raphson group of methods). Problem of gas flow in looped network is nonlinear problem; i.e. relation between flow and pressure drop is not linear while relation between electric current and voltage is. Improvement of original method is done by introduction of influence of adjacent contours in Yacobian matrix which is used in calculation and which is in original method strictly diagonal with all zeros in non-diagonal terms. In that way necessary number of iteration in calculations is decreased. If during the design of gas network with loops is anticipated that some of conduits are crossing each other without connection, this sort of network became, so there has to be introduced corrections of third or higher order.

scholarly journals The use of "absolutely reliable cameras" in the supply of natural gas to agricultural facilities

2020 ◽  
pp. 60-65
Author(s):  
Aleksey Konstantinovich Klochko ◽  
Viktor Andreevich Zhila
Keyword(s):  
Natural Gas ◽  
Reliability Index ◽  
Distribution Networks ◽  
Gas Distribution ◽  
Reliability Indices

The paper considers the supply of agricultural facilities with natural gas. The methodology and algorithm for determining the reliability index of gas distribution networks are presented. The concept of “absolutely reliable camera” is disclosed. Reliability indices and technical and economic characteristics of various schemes and configurations of gas distribution networks are determined. The issue of the use of "absolutely reliable cameras" for agricultural facilities is considered.  

scholarly journals Numerical Monitoring of Natural Gas Distribution Discrepancy Using CFD Simulator

2010 ◽  
Vol 2010 ◽  
pp. 1-23 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vadim E. Seleznev
Keyword(s):  
Natural Gas ◽  
Distribution System ◽  
Field Measurements ◽  
Identification Problem ◽  
Distribution Networks ◽  
Reference Points ◽  
Gas Distribution ◽  
Natural Gas Transmission ◽  
Minimum Discrepancy ◽  
Gas Supply

The paper describes a new method for numerical monitoring of discrepancies in natural gas supply to consumers, who receive gas from gas distribution loops. This method serves to resolve the vital problem of commercial natural gas accounting under the conditions of deficient field measurements of gas supply volumes. Numerical monitoring makes it possible to obtain computational estimates of actual gas deliveries over given time spans and to estimate their difference from corresponding values reported by gas consumers. Such estimation is performed using a computational fluid dynamics simulator of gas flows in the gas distribution system of interest. Numerical monitoring of the discrepancy is based on a statement and numerical solution of identification problem of a physically proved gas dynamics mode of natural gas transmission through specified gas distribution networks. The identified mode parameters should have a minimum discrepancy with field measurements of gas transport at specified reference points of the simulated pipeline network.

Cost saving allocation of horizontal cooperation in restructured natural gas distribution network

Kybernetes ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 47 (6) ◽  
pp. 1217-1241 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jafar Razmi ◽  
Anis Hassani ◽  
Ashkan Hafezalkotob
Keyword(s):  
Natural Gas ◽  
Cooperative Game ◽  
Distribution Network ◽  
Cost Savings ◽  
Gas Distribution ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Horizontal Cooperation ◽  
Gas Market ◽  
Yazd City ◽  
The Cost

Purpose Over the past two decades, in developed countries a trend towards the liberalization and restructuring of the gas market has been observed. Today, restructuring is an ongoing process. In this study, a restructured natural gas market has been considered in which several regional distribution companies have ownership of the network and are competing against each other to gain more benefits. The main purpose of this study is to achieve efficiency and economic rationality in such a market through horizontal cooperation. Design/methodology/approach A restructured natural gas distribution network is modeled as a cooperative game to estimate the potential cost savings for various collaboration scenarios. In addition, the cost savings’ allocation among collaborating companies is evaluated using the cooperative game theory. Findings The results reveal validity and efficiency of the solution of the proposed model and capabilities of the cooperative game theory for reduction in gas distribution costs and improvement in the service level. Research limitations/implications This study is limited to natural gas in one region of Yazd City in Iran. Moreover, one segment of the natural gas network (i.e. distribution network) is modeled. Moreover, long-term cooperation between companies relies on fair distribution of cooperation benefits to the participants. Practical implications For the purpose of comparison and to get an insight into properties of the cost savings game, the real case study of one region of Yazd city in Iran is implemented. Originality/value This study contributes to the competitive models in the restructured gas market, particularly, in gas distribution network. The main contribution is to provide potential benefits for the participants via the horizontal cooperation.

Flexible energy harvesting from natural gas distribution networks through line-bagging

2018 ◽  
Vol 229 ◽  
pp. 253-263 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ermanno Lo Cascio ◽  
Bart De Schutter ◽  
Corrado Schenone
Keyword(s):  
Energy Harvesting ◽  
Natural Gas ◽  
Distribution Networks ◽  
Gas Distribution

scholarly journals Research on Optimization of Port Container Inland Collection and Distribution Network

2020 ◽  
Vol 165 ◽  
pp. 06024
Author(s):  
Xuan Wang ◽  
Yun Jing
Keyword(s):  
Distribution Network ◽  
Distribution Networks ◽  
Development Strategies ◽  
Optimal Model ◽  
Matlab Software ◽  
Belt And Road ◽  
Network Costs ◽  
The Belt And Road

With the advancement of country’s “the Belt and Road” strategy, each port is actively formulating development strategies to help implement the strategy. The port inland collection and distribution network is an important guarantee for the development of the port, and it is a key component to promote the connection between the port and the inland hinterland. It has an important role in expanding the scale of the port and improving the overall competitiveness of the port. Aiming at the current imbalance of the collection and distribution methods and the imperfect collection and distribution networks in most ports, this paper establishes an optimal model of collection and distribution network costs and quantitatively optimizes the collection and distribution network corridors. The Tianjin Port is selected as a case study object. And the MATLAB software is used to solve the analysis. The conclusion is that Tianjin Port could alleviate the pressure of the collection and distribution network by increasing the density of container trains with the hinterland cities, which verified the validity of the model.

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