CLIMATE AND HEALTH BENEFITS OF PHASING OUT IRON & STEEL PRODUCTION CAPACITY IN CHINA: FINDINGS FROM THE IMED MODEL

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (03) ◽  
pp. 2041008
Author(s):  
BO-SHU LI ◽  
YAN CHEN ◽  
SHAOHUI ZHANG ◽  
ZHERU WU ◽  
JANUSZ COFALA ◽  
...  

In recognition of the negative climate change and deteriorative air quality, the iron and steel industry in China was subject to production capacity phase-out policy (PCPP), which is deeply influencing industrial restructuring and national emission reduction targets. However, researches that quantitatively estimated the comprehensive impacts of such structural adjustment policy remain scant. For this purpose, this study expands and soft-links between GAINS and IMED models to characterize the impacts of climate change and PM[Formula: see text]-attributed health co-benefits. Results showed the PCPP based on scale limitation to eliminate backward capacities in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region yields total benefits of 34.9 billion Yuan (4.2 billion USD), 89% of total coming from energy saving and carbon mitigation, more than policy costs (20.0 billion Yuan) in 2020, but the gap between benefit-cost will keep narrowing to [Formula: see text]2.8 billion Yuan ([Formula: see text]0.3 billion USD) in 2020–2030, indicating that policy improvement is needed in the long run. To further increase policy co-benefits and achieve multiple policy targets, the policymaker should readjust the PCPP by switching scale limitation to energy efficiency constraint. If doing that, the difference of benefit-cost will achieve 42.5 billion Yuan (5.1 billion USD). The regional disparity also exits due to the diverse ratio of benefit-cost in the selected provinces, calling for necessary fiscal incentives to the less developed area, e.g., Hebei, to promote closer integration.

1995 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 25-30
Author(s):  
Wolfgang Maennig ◽  
Helmut Wagner

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (92) ◽  
pp. 33-40
Author(s):  
V. Shatokha

Purpose: To analyse the potential of various scenarios for reduction of carbon footprint of iron and steel sector and to reveal plausible pathways for modernisation. Design/methodology/approach: Several scenarios have been developed in order to assess the dynamics and extent of decarbonisation required to meet the global climate change mitigation target. This includes deployment of the best available technologies, increased share of secondary steel production route and deployment of innovative ironmaking technologies with various decarbonisation extent achieved in a variable timeframe. Findings: The window of opportunities to ensure compliance of steel sector development with climate goal still exists though shrinks. Modernisation shall include global deployment of best available technologies, increased share of secondary steel production and rapid deployment of innovative technologies including carbon capture and storage. Delayed modernisation will require much deeper decarbonisation, which will increase the total cost of mitigation. International policies shall be put in place to ensure availability of funding and to assist technology transfer. Short term transition strategies shall be employed as soon as possible for bridging long term climate change mitigation strategies and current state of the iron and steel industry worldwide. Research limitations/implications: Methodology applied takes into account the best available technologies and some novel ironmaking methods with the potential for commercialisation during the next decade; however, it is implied that the radically innovative iron- and steelmaking technologies with near-zero CO2 emissions will not be mature enough to deliver tangible impact on the sector’s carbon footprint before 2050. Practical implications: Obtained results can be helpful for definition of the modernisation strategies (both state-level and corporate) for the iron and steel industry. Originality/value: Dynamics and extent of decarbonisation required to meet global climate change mitigation targets have been revealed and the results can be valuable for assessment of the consistency of sectoral climate strategies with global targets.


Kobunshi ◽  
1987 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
pp. 40-43
Author(s):  
Takuya Araoka ◽  
Katsumi Tsuzura

2008 ◽  
Vol 37 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Madeleine Tchimou

Cette recherche analyse la régulation des systèmes éducatifs du Bénin et du Sénégal dans le cadre de la décentralisation de l’éducation qui leur a été prescrite à travers les politiques d’ajustement structurel. Quatre aspects clés du système éducatif ont été analysés: l’offre d’éducation, les programmes d’enseignement, l’inspection et/ou le contrôle des enseignants et la condition enseignante. L’étude de cas à partir de données invoquées a été utilisée. Il ressort de l’analyse comparée des portraits nationaux que les appropriations nationales de la mise en application de la décentralisation demeurent assez distinctes dans ces deux pays et que la régulation actuelle de leurs systèmes éducatifs repose sur un modèle composite. This paper analyzes the regulation of education systems in Benin and in Senegal in the context of decentralization as prescribed through the structural adjustment policy. Four key elements of the education system are considered: access, curriculum, inspection and, or supervision of teachers, and teaching conditions. The author develops a case study from the available data. The comparative analysis of the national profiles demonstrates that applications of the decentralization process are quite different between these two countries and that the current regulation of the education systems is built on a composite model.


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