scholarly journals XXXI.--On the Genera Lycopodites and Psilophyton of the Old Red Sandstone Formation of Scotland

1896 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 323-330 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Reid ◽  
P. Macnair
Keyword(s):  
Red Sandstone ◽  
Sandstone Formation

On Canadian Caverns

The Geologist ◽  
1860 ◽  
Vol 3 (5) ◽  
pp. 161-179 ◽  
Author(s):  
George D. Gibb
Keyword(s):  
Striking Feature ◽  
Red Sandstone ◽  
Good Fortune ◽  
Sand Bars ◽  
Sandstone Formation ◽  
The Hill

On passing the interesting group of islands in the Gulf of St. Lawrence, known as the Magdalens, the observer is struck with their beautiful and picturesque appearance, which is suddenly presented to his view. The cliffs, which vary in height, present equally various colours, in which the shades of red predominate; these, contrasted with the yellow of the sand-bars, and the green pastures of the hill-sides, the darker green of the spruce trees, and the blue of sea and sky, produce an effect, as Captain Bayfield describes, extremely beautiful, and one which distinguishes these islands from anything else in the Gulf. Such an agreeable picture it has been my own good fortune to witness and admire. The striking feature in their formation is the dome-shaped hills rising in the centre of the group, and attaining a height of from two hundred to five hundred and eighty feet. They are composed of the Triassic or New Red Sandstone formation, which forms their base, being surmounted or topped by masses of trap rocks.

scholarly journals V. Notice of the Fossil Fishes found in the Old Red-Sandstone formation of Orkney, particularly of an undescribed species, Diplopterus Agassis

1844 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 89-92 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. S. Traill
Keyword(s):  
General Character ◽  
Undescribed Species ◽  
Fossil Species ◽  
Red Sandstone ◽  
Sandstone Formation ◽  
Natural Groups

It is well known to those who have paid attention to the progress of Fossil Ichthyology that, until the publication of M. Agassiz, the distinctive characters of the orders, genera, and species of Fossil Fishes were but imperfectly understood. Vague analogies were relied on to connect them with the types of living genera, and the looseness of the received specific characters rendered it difficult for the geologist to determine whether the specimens he collected were previously recognised, or still nondescript. It is obvious that useful characters of fossil species are chiefly to be obtained from those portions of their structure least subject to alteration from decay; and as the exterior scaly envelopes of the primeval fishes are usually the portions best preserved and most easily recognised in their rocky sepulchres, M. Agassiz was naturally led to study these with minute attention. This acute observer speedily discovered that, in the form and connections of the scales, he had a general character which would enable him to connect into very natural groups, species differing from each other in size and form. On this basis he has established his four Orders of Fossil Fishes—the Ganoidei, the Placoidei, the Ctenoidei, and the Cyclodei—divisions named from the appearance of the scales.

2. Abstract of Part II. of Memoir descriptive and explanatory of the Mid Lothian and East Lothian Coal-fields

1845 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
pp. 195-198
Keyword(s):  
The South ◽  
Red Sandstone ◽  
The North ◽  
Sandstone Formation ◽  
Coal Measures ◽  
Coal Fields

This part of the memoir was devoted exclusively to an attempt to explain or account for the facts described in the first part of the memoir.The geological epoch when the strata composing the coal-measures of this district were deposited, was first noticed. It was stated that these coal-measures were deposited at a period immediately following the deposition of the old red sandstone formation; and that this older formation was to be seen both on the north and on the south sides of the Lammermuir Hills, dipping under the coalmeasures, and resting on the upturned greywacke strata of these hills. The lowest member of the old red sandstone group is a coarse conglomerate, evidently formed by the denudation of these greywacke hills; and the uppermost members consist of soft argillaceous sandstone, of a deep red colour.

scholarly journals XIII.—On the Age of the Old Red Sandstone of Shetland

1909 ◽  
Vol 46 (2) ◽  
pp. 313-319 ◽  
Author(s):  
John S. Flett
Keyword(s):  
Great Britain ◽  
Mica Schist ◽  
Fossil Plants ◽  
The West ◽  
West Side ◽  
Red Sandstone ◽  
Intrusive Rocks ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Sandstone Formation ◽  
Metamorphic Series

In spite of its remote situation, the Old Red Sandstone of Shetland attracted a considerable amount of attention from geologists during the last century. It is exposed in excellent coast sections, which often yield very beautiful cliff scenery; and, in addition to being the most northerly of the stratified rocks of Great Britain, it includes a rich succession of volcanic and intrusive rocks which are of great interest and variety. The axis or backbone of the Shetland archipelago consists of gneiss, mica schist, slate, and limestone, with epidiorites, serpentine, and talc schists. On each side of this there is an area of Old Red Sandstone; that on the east extending from Sumburgh Head, in the extreme south, to Rovey Head, a little north of Lerwick, and comprising also the islands of Bressay, Noss, and Mousa. On the west side of Shetland the Old Red Sandstone Series is much altered, probably by the heat of the granite and other intrusive rocks, so that they often have the appearance of quartzite, and were for a long time regarded as belonging to the metamorphic series. In 1879, however, Peach and Horne (28) showed that, in places, they contained fossil plants which indicated that they belonged to the Old Red Sandstone formation.

scholarly journals XII. On the fossil remains of turtles, discovered in the chalk formation of the South-east of England

1841 ◽  
Vol 131 ◽  
pp. 153-158 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Great Britain ◽  
British Isles ◽  
Dorsal Shield ◽  
The South ◽  
Extinct Species ◽  
Red Sandstone ◽  
Fossil Remains ◽  
Sandstone Formation

Although no species of the order Testudinata now inhabits the British Isles, and the Turtles and Tortoises admitted into the fauna of Great Britain by modern naturalists are only individuals which have strayed or been drifted from other latitudes, the fossil remains of Chelonian Reptiles which occur in the strata of this country afford indisputable evidence, that in very remote periods, the seas, rivers, and lands of Europe, swarmed with marine, lacustrine, and terrestrial forms of this family. It is well known that the earliest indications of the presence of reptiles on this planet, are the impressions of the feet of Turtles on the rocks of the new red sandstone formation. These foot-marks have been detected in Dumfriesshire, at Stourton quarry near Liverpool, and in various places in Germany, and are supposed to be referable to land and lacustrine species; but no decided remains of Turtles have been found in strata antecedent to the muschelkalk. At Luneville, in deposits of this epoch, bones and fragments of the carapace or dorsal shield of an extinct species have been observed.

scholarly journals XXI.—The Old Red Sandstone Volcanic Rocks of Shetland

1884 ◽  
Vol 32 (2) ◽  
pp. 359-388 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. N. Peach ◽  
J. Horne
Keyword(s):  
Volcanic Activity ◽  
Volcanic Rocks ◽  
Igneous Rocks ◽  
Red Sandstone ◽  
Volcanic History ◽  
Moray Firth ◽  
History Of ◽  
Sandstone Formation ◽  
Great Belt ◽  
Great Development

Perhaps the most interesting feature connected with the Old Red Sandstone formation in Shetland is the evidence of prolonged volcanic activity in those northern isles. The great development of contemporaneous and intrusive igneous rocks, which gives rise to some of the most striking scenery in Shetland, is all the more important when compared with the meagre records in the Lower Old Red Sandstone of Orkney and the Moray Firth basin. Not till we pass to the south of the Grampians do we find evidence of a far grander display of volcanic action during this period, in the sheets of lava and tuff in the Sidlaws and Ochils and in the great belt stretching from the Pentlands south-westwards into Ayrshire. The relations of the Shetland igneous rocks are admirably displayed in the various coast sections, especially in the mural cliffs of Northmavine and some of the Western Islands. From these records, though they have been subjected to much denudation, it is possible to construct a tolerably complete sketch of the volcanic history of this formation, as developed in that region.

On Canadian Caverns

The Geologist ◽  
1860 ◽  
Vol 3 (9) ◽  
pp. 341-342
Author(s):  
George D. Gibb
Keyword(s):  
Red Sandstone ◽  
Lower Silurian ◽  
Crystalline Limestone ◽  
Sandstone Formation ◽  
Geological Formations

In the foregoing account it has been my aim and endeavour to describe the geological formations in which the caverns existed; this will be seen at a glance in the following table:—Taking the two classes together as representing thirty distinct series of cavernous localities, one is found in the New Red Sandstone formation, two in the Carboniferous, two in the Devonian or Old Red, seven in the limestones of the Upper, two in those of the Middle, and six in those of the Lower Silurian formation, three in the Huronian rocks of Sir William Logan, and seven in the Laurentian rocks of the same geologist. In the last of these they are present in the interstratified bands of crystalline limestone, characteristic of this formation in Canada.

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