scholarly journals XXI.—The Old Red Sandstone Volcanic Rocks of Shetland

1884 ◽  
Vol 32 (2) ◽  
pp. 359-388 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. N. Peach ◽  
J. Horne
Keyword(s):  
Volcanic Activity ◽  
Volcanic Rocks ◽  
Igneous Rocks ◽  
Red Sandstone ◽  
Volcanic History ◽  
Moray Firth ◽  
History Of ◽  
Sandstone Formation ◽  
Great Belt ◽  
Great Development

Perhaps the most interesting feature connected with the Old Red Sandstone formation in Shetland is the evidence of prolonged volcanic activity in those northern isles. The great development of contemporaneous and intrusive igneous rocks, which gives rise to some of the most striking scenery in Shetland, is all the more important when compared with the meagre records in the Lower Old Red Sandstone of Orkney and the Moray Firth basin. Not till we pass to the south of the Grampians do we find evidence of a far grander display of volcanic action during this period, in the sheets of lava and tuff in the Sidlaws and Ochils and in the great belt stretching from the Pentlands south-westwards into Ayrshire. The relations of the Shetland igneous rocks are admirably displayed in the various coast sections, especially in the mural cliffs of Northmavine and some of the Western Islands. From these records, though they have been subjected to much denudation, it is possible to construct a tolerably complete sketch of the volcanic history of this formation, as developed in that region.

scholarly journals Old Volcanic Stories—Bringing Ancient Volcanoes to Life in Ireland’s Geological Heritage Sites

Geosciences ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 52
Author(s):  
Matthew Parkes ◽  
Sarah Gatley ◽  
Vincent Gallagher
Keyword(s):  
Volcanic Activity ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Volcanic Rocks ◽  
Geological Heritage ◽  
School Textbook ◽  
Heritage Sites ◽  
The Past ◽  
Volcanic History ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
History Of

Active or recently active volcanic areas present very visible and easy to understand phenomena for the broad population to appreciate as geological heritage. However, in a geologically stable country such as Ireland, with no volcanism evident for tens of millions of years and few clearly visible traces of volcanoes of a ‘school textbook’ nature, the significance of ancient volcanic remains is much harder to explain or to present to visitors to geological heritage sites. This paper explores the wide range of evidence of ancient volcanic activity within recognised geological heritage sites across Ireland, both in County Geological Sites and in the UNESCO Global Geoparks. Some of the stories that can be told using the available evidence are documented, including some of the current efforts to present Ireland’s volcanic geological heritage. The stories are told within the context of the geological and volcanic history of Ireland over the past 500 million years. As such, the promotion of geological heritage is at an early stage, and this contribution may provide inspiration or ideas for approaches to this problem for other countries or terrains with similar ancient volcanic rocks.

scholarly journals IV.—The Volcanic History of Ireland

1874 ◽  
Vol 1 (5) ◽  
pp. 205-210
Author(s):  
Edward Hull
Keyword(s):  
Volcanic Rocks ◽  
Central Valley ◽  
Short Description ◽  
Lower Carboniferous ◽  
Volcanic History ◽  
The North ◽  
History Of ◽  
Similar Materials ◽  
Considerable Intensity

Carboniferous Period.—The Lower Carboniferous rocks, both of the North of England, of Scotland, and of Ireland, afford examples of contemporaneous volcanic action of considerable intensity. The so-called “toad-stones” of Derbyshire, and the great sheets of melaphyre, porphyrite, and ashes of the central valley of Scotland, forming the Kilpatrick, Campsie, and Dairy Hills, appear to have been erupted over the bed of the same sea as that in which were poured out similar materials in County Limerick, forming the well-known Carboniferous volcanic rocks of “the Limerick Basin.” These rocks have been already so fully described by several observers, that I shall confine myself to a very short description, such as is essential to the brief history of volcanic action which I am here endeavouring to draw up.

Clay mineral distribution and provenance in Mesozoic and Tertiary mudrocks of the Moray Firth and northern North Sea

Clay Minerals ◽  
1990 ◽  
Vol 25 (4) ◽  
pp. 519-541 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. J. Pearson
Keyword(s):  
Clay Mineral ◽  
North Sea ◽  
Volcanic Activity ◽  
Volcanic Material ◽  
The North ◽  
Moray Firth ◽  
History Of ◽  
The North Sea ◽  
Northern North Sea ◽  
And Control

AbstractClay mineral abundances in Mesozoic and Tertiary argillaceous strata from 15 exploration wells in the Inner and Outer Moray Firth, Viking Graben and East Shetland Basins of the northern North Sea have been determined in <0·2 µm fractions of cuttings samples. The clay assemblages of more deeply-buried samples cannot be unambiguously related to sedimentary input because of the diagenetic overprint which may account for much of the chlorite and related interstratified minerals. Other sediments, discussed on a regional basis and related to the geological history of the basins, are interpreted in terms of clay mineral provenance and control by climate, tectonic and volcanic activity. The distribution of illite-smectite can often be related to volcanic activity both in the Forties area during the M. Jurassic, and on the NE Atlantic continental margin during the U. Cretaceous-Early Tertiary which affected the North Sea more widely and left a prominent record in the Viking Graben and East Shetland Basin. Kaolinite associated with lignite-bearing sediments in the Outer Moray Firth Basin was probably derived by alteration of volcanic material in lagoonal or deltaic environments. Some U. Jurassic and L. Cretaceous sediments of the Inner Moray Basin are rich in illite-smectite, the origin of which is not clear.

Preliminary stratigraphy of volcanoes in the Executive Committee Range, central Marie Byrd Land

1990 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
pp. 353-354 ◽  
Author(s):  
J.L. Smellie ◽  
W.C. McIntosh ◽  
J.A. Gamble ◽  
K.T. Panter
Keyword(s):  
Executive Committee ◽  
Hot Spot ◽  
Volcanic Rocks ◽  
Late Oligocene ◽  
Late Cenozoic ◽  
Volcanic Province ◽  
Volcanic History ◽  
Sequential Release ◽  
History Of

Marie Byrd Land is amongst the most inaccessible and least visited regions of Antarctica. It contains a large alkaline volcanic province, with 18 large central volcanoes and numerous small satellitic centres, ranging in age from late Oligocene (c. 28–30 Ma) to Recent (LeMasurier 1990). The volcanic rocks provide an outstanding record of the late Cenozoic glacial and volcanic history of Antarctica. The volcanism has been described within a region-wide model of hot-spot impingent at the base of the crust, widespread eruption of mafic plateau lavas and the sequential release of more evolved magmas from crustal chambers beneath central volcanoes situated along a series of reactivated, orthogonal basement fractures (LeMasurier & Rex 1989). Most of the volcanoes have been studied only on a reconnaissance level.

Radiolarian biostratigraphic constraints for latest Jurassic-earliest Cretaceous submarine volcanic activity in the Tethyan oceanic realm of the Sevan ophiolite (Armenia)

2012 ◽  
Vol 183 (4) ◽  
pp. 319-330 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gayané Asatryan ◽  
Taniel Danelian ◽  
Lilit Sahakyan ◽  
Ghazar Galoyan ◽  
Monique Seyler ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Shallow Water ◽  
Volcanic Activity ◽  
Sedimentary Cover ◽  
Volcanic Rocks ◽  
Greenschist Facies ◽  
Igneous Rocks ◽  
The South ◽  
Lake Sevan ◽  
Northern Flank ◽  
Radiolarian Assemblages

AbstractBiostratigraphic constraints for the sedimentary cover of the ophiolites preserved in Armenia are of key importance for the palaeogeographic and geodynamic reconstruction of the greater area between Eurasia and the South-Armenian block, which is a micro-continent of Gondwanian origin. We present here radiolarian data obtained from radiolarites that are intercalated in a sequence of mafic volcanic rocks on the northern flank of the Dali valley (east of Lake Sevan), which is considered to be part of the Sevan ophiolite. Mafic sills and dykes with well-preserved igneous textures are probably part of the same sequence. The pseudomorphosis of primary phases indicates that the igneous rocks are strongly affected by alteration in the greenschist facies condition. The plagiogranites that are present in this locality appear to be intrusive into the mafic sequence. The radiolarian assemblages extracted from radiolarian cherts intercalated in the mafic volcanic rocks are dated as latest Tithonian-Late Valanginian; they contain metric rounded blocks of oolitic limestones with crinoid fragments, suggesting that these shallow water limestones slid during the Jurassic/Cretaceous transition into a rugged oceanic floor in which radiolarian ooze accumulated.

Post-Ophiolite Unconformity, Tilt Cove – Betts Cove Area, Newfoundland

1975 ◽  
Vol 12 (5) ◽  
pp. 880-886 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. R. W. Neale ◽  
B. F. Kean ◽  
H. D. Upadhyay
Keyword(s):  
Volcanic Rocks ◽  
Red Sandstone ◽  
Pillow Lavas ◽  
Oceanic Sediments ◽  
Lower Ordovician ◽  
Ophiolite Suite ◽  
History Of ◽  
Mafic Lavas ◽  
Original Interpretation

Subaerial sediments and silicic and mafic lavas of the Cape St. John Group in northern Newfoundland, were originally interpreted as younger than the Betts Cove ophiolite suite and the Lower Ordovician (Arenig) Snooks Arm pillow lavas and oceanic sediments, but recently have been considered as part of the pre-Ordovician Fleur de Lys Supergroup and hence older than the Snooks Arm Group. The volcanic rocks that underlie the Cape St. John were reinterpreted as a pre-Snooks Arm oceanic foundation to the Fleur de Lys rocks.Our work reaffirms the original interpretation of the Cape St. John rocks as unconformably above the Lower Ordovician pillow lavas and ophiolites and we tentatively correlate them with the Springdale and Mic Mac Groups and other nearby Silurian (?) clastic/volcanic sequences of Old Red Sandstone equivalence. The Cape St. John Group grades northward and westward into polydeformed rocks, hence its re-establishment as a post-ophiolite assemblage bears on the history of deformation of adjacent groups.

Mafic igneous rocks and mineralisation in the Palaeoproterozoic Ketilidian orogen, South-East Greenland: project SUPRASYD 1996

1997 ◽  
pp. 66-74
Author(s):  
Henrik Stendal ◽  
Wulf Mueller ◽  
Nicolai Birkedal ◽  
Esben I. Hansen ◽  
Claus Østergaard
Keyword(s):  
Mineral Exploration ◽  
Volcanic Rocks ◽  
Shear Zones ◽  
Field Work ◽  
Igneous Rocks ◽  
Border Zone ◽  
The South ◽  
East Greenland ◽  
North West ◽  
Arc Setting

NOTE: This article was published in a former series of GEUS Bulletin. Please use the original series name when citing this article, for example: Stendal, H., Mueller, W., Birkedal, N., Hansen, E. I., & Østergaard, C. (1997). Mafic igneous rocks and mineralisation in the Palaeoproterozoic Ketilidian orogen, South-East Greenland: project SUPRASYD 1996. Geology of Greenland Survey Bulletin, 176, 66-74. https://doi.org/10.34194/ggub.v176.5064 _______________ The multidisciplinary SUPRASYD project (1992–96) focused on a regional investigation of the Palaeoproterozoic Ketilidian orogenic belt which crosses the southern tip of Greenland. Apart from a broad range of geological and structural studies (Nielsen et al., 1993; Garde & Schønwandt, 1994, 1995; Garde et al., 1997), the project included a mineral resource evaluation of the supracrustal sequences associated with the Ketilidian orogen (e.g. Mosher, 1995). The Ketilidian orogen of southern Greenland can be divided from north-west to south-east into: (1) a border zone in which the crystalline rocks of the Archaean craton are unconformably overlain by Ketilidian supracrustal rocks; (2) a major polyphase pluton, referred to as the Julianehåb batholith; and (3) extensive areas of Ketilidian supracrustal rocks, divided into psammitic and pelitic rocks with subordinate interstratified mafic volcanic rocks (Fig. 1). The Julianehåb batholith is viewed as emplaced in a magmatic arc setting; the supracrustal sequences south of the batholith have been interpreted as either (1) deposited in an intra-arc and fore-arc basin (Chadwick & Garde, 1996), or (2) deposited in a back-arc or intra-arc setting (Stendal & Swager, 1995; Swager, 1995). Both possibilities are plausible and infer subduction-related processes. Regional compilations of geological, geochemical and geophysical data for southern Greenland have been presented by Thorning et al. (1994). Mosher (1995) has recently reviewed the mineral exploration potential of the region. The commercial company Nunaoil A/S has been engaged in gold prospecting in South Greenland since 1990 (e.g. Gowen et al., 1993). A principal goal of the SUPRASYD project was to test the mineral potential of the Ketilidian supracrustal sequences and define the gold potential in the shear zones in the Julianehåb batholith. Previous work has substantiated a gold potential in amphibolitic rocks in the south-west coastal areas (Gowen et al., 1993.), and in the amphibolitic rocks of the Kutseq area (Swager et al., 1995). Field work in 1996 was focused on prospective gold-bearing sites in mafic rocks in South-East Greenland. Three M.Sc. students mapped showings under the supervision of the H. S., while an area on the south side of Kangerluluk fjord was mapped by H. S. and W. M. (Fig. 4).

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