Efficiency of Splitting Water with Semiconducting Photoelectrodes

1984 ◽  
Vol 131 (6) ◽  
pp. 1258-1265 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael F. Weber ◽  
Michael J. Dignam
Keyword(s):  
Splitting Water

In situ synthesis of crystalline Ag–WO3 nanosheets with enhanced solar photo-electrochemical performance for splitting water

CrystEngComm ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 105-112 ◽  
Author(s):  
Puhong Wen ◽  
Chuanchuan Wang ◽  
Yuzhu Lan ◽  
Xiaowen Jiang ◽  
Lijun Ren
Keyword(s):  
Crystal Structure ◽  
Electrochemical Performance ◽  
Photocatalytic Performance ◽  
In Situ Synthesis ◽  
Synthesis Process ◽  
Splitting Water

The evolution mechanisms of morphology and crystal structure were studied in the synthesis process of WO3 nanosheets preferentially exposing the (100) facet. And their photocatalytic performance after doping Ag was evaluated by splitting water.

Hydrogen Generation Using the Modular Helium Reactor

2004 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matt Richards ◽  
Arkal Shenoy
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
Low Temperature ◽  
Chemical Reactions ◽  
Nuclear Reactor ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Hydrogen Generation ◽  
Hybrid Process ◽  
Thermochemical Process ◽  
Process Heat ◽  
Splitting Water

Process heat from a high-temperature nuclear reactor can be used to drive a set of chemical reactions, with the net result of splitting water into hydrogen and oxygen. For example, process heat at temperatures in the range 850°C to 950°C can drive the sulfur-iodine (SI) thermochemical process to produce hydrogen with high efficiency. Electricity can also be used to split water, using conventional, low-temperature electrolysis (LTE). An example of a hybrid process is high-temperature electrolysis (HTE), in which process heat is used to generate steam, which is then supplied to an electrolyzer to generate hydrogen. In this paper we investigate the coupling of the Modular Helium Reactor (MHR) to the SI process and HTE. These concepts are referred to as the H2-MHR. Optimization of the MHR core design to produce higher coolant outlet temperatures is also discussed.

Splitting Water and Carbon Dioxide via the Heterogeneous Oxidation of Zinc Vapor: Thermodynamic Considerations

2010 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luke J. Venstrom ◽  
Jane H. Davidson
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Mass Transfer ◽  
Carbon Monoxide ◽  
Reaction Path ◽  
Zinc Vapor ◽  
Complete Conversion ◽  
Heterogeneous Oxidation ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Splitting ◽  
Heat Recuperation ◽  
Splitting Water

The heterogeneous hydrolysis/oxidation of zinc vapor is proposed as a promising reaction path for the exothermic step in two-step Zn/ZnO solar thermochemical water and carbon dioxide splitting cycles. This approach circumvents mass transfer limitations encountered in the oxidation of solid or liquid zinc, promising rapid hydrogen/carbon monoxide production rates and complete conversion of zinc. In this paper, a parametric thermodynamic analysis is presented to quantify the penalty of generating zinc vapor as well as the benefit of achieving complete conversion of zinc via the heterogeneous oxidation of zinc vapor. The penalty for generating zinc vapor is a reduction in water splitting efficiency from 36% to 27% and a reduction in carbon dioxide splitting efficiency from 39% to 31%. However, with heat recuperation this penalty can be avoided. The benefit of completely converting zinc via the heterogeneous oxidation of zinc vapor is an increase in efficiency from ∼6% to 27% and 31% for water and carbon dioxide splitting, respectively.

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