An integrated carbon–sulfur membrane (CSG/PC) with dual “shuttle-inhibiting” layers of graphene “nets” and a porous carbon (PC) skin can overcome the poor cycling performance of lithium–sulfur batteries.
The F and N co-doped porous carbon derived from ZIF-8 is used as a membrane in Li–S batteries with enhanced capacity and cycling stability.
A 3D nanostructured NCNTs–CS–ZIF-8(C) hybrid with high pyridinic-N content exhibits stable long-term cycling performance.