Effect of Lithium Content on Spinel Phase Evolution in Lithium-Rich
Layered Oxides LixNi0.25Co0.10Mn0.65O(3.4+x)/2 (0.8 ≤ x ≤ 1.6) for Li-Ion
Batteries
Oxygen lone-pairs (|O) are responsible for the extra-capacity observed in Li-rich Li2MO3 electrodes and not in LiMO2. M–O covalency is required to stabilize the oxidized O− species involved in the anionic process and to prevent O2 release.