Expression and function of periostin-like factor in vascular smooth muscle cells

2007 ◽  
Vol 292 (5) ◽  
pp. C1672-C1680 ◽  
Author(s):  
Judith Litvin ◽  
Xing Chen ◽  
Sheri Keleman ◽  
Shimei Zhu ◽  
Michael Autieri

In injured blood vessels activated vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) migrate from the media to the intima, proliferate and synthesize matrix proteins. This results in occlusion of the lumen and detrimental clinical manifestations. We have identified a novel isoform of the periostin family of proteins referred to as periostin-like factor (PLF). PLF expression in VSMCs was increased following treatment with mitogenic compounds, suggesting that PLF plays a role in VSMC activation. Correspondingly, proliferation of the cells was significantly reduced with anti-PLF antibody treatment. PLF expression increased VSMC migration, an essential cellular process leading to vascular restenosis after injury. PLF protein was localized to neointimal VSMC of rat and swine balloon angioplasty injured arteries, as well as in human arteries with transplant restenosis, supporting the hypothesis that PLF is involved in VSMC activation and vascular proliferative diseases. Taken together, these data suggest a role for PLF in the regulation of vascular proliferative disease.

Author(s):  
Л.А. Богданов ◽  
Е.А. Великанова ◽  
Д.К. Шишкова ◽  
А.Р. Шабаев ◽  
А.Г. Кутихин

Цель исследования - изучение распространенности и локализации сосудистых гладкомышечных клеток (СГМК) различного фенотипа в составе атеросклеротических бляшек сонной артерии, а также взаимосвязи различных клеточных популяций неоинтимы с экспрессией матриксных металлопротеиназ (ММП)-2 и ММП-9 в зависимости от степени стабильности бляшки. Методы. Проведено иммуногистохимическое исследование 16 атеросклеротических бляшек (8 клинически нестабильных и 8 стабильных), полученных при каротидной эндартерэктом в связи с гемодинамически значимым стенозом. Оценка сократительной способности СГМК проводилась при использовании метода иммуногистохимического типирования альфа-актина гладких мышц (α-SMA), синтетического, макрофагального и остеогенного фенотипов СГМК посредством типирования виметина, СВ68 и RUNX2 соответственно. Активность ремоделирования определялась посредством выявления ММП-2 и ММП-9. Результаты. Показано, что около трети каротидных бляшек характеризовались высокой экспрессией MMП-9 CD68-положительными клетками, что не коррелировало с их нестабильностью. Локализация, содержание и соотношение СГМК различного фенотипа и макрофагов значительно варьировали в зависимости от бляшки. Общей закономерностью было преимущественное послойное типирование на α-SMA в зоне интактных эластических волокон медии и, реже, в фиброзной покрышке или прилегающих участках. CD68-положительные клетки визуализировались в толще неоинтимы; некоторая их доля была колокализована с α-SMA, отражая СГМК макрофагального фенотипа. Положительное реакция на виментин наблюдалась на границе с эластическими волокнами медии, либо с основной клеточной массой неоинтимы и характеризовалась прилегающим бесклеточным экстрацеллюлярным матриксом, что свидетельствовало об активном синтезе его соответствующими клетками. Также в неоинтиме обнаруживались клетки положительные как на RUNX2 и α-SMA, так и исключительно RUNX2-положительные клетки. Заключение. Каротидные атеросклеротические бляшки характеризуются различной локализацией, содержанием и соотношением СГМК сократительного, синтетического, макрофагального и остеогенного фенотипов, при этом экспрессия ММП-2 и ММП-9 была ограничена CD68-положительными макрофагами и СГМК макрофагального фенотипа. Aim.To study prevalence and localization of different phenotypes of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) in carotid atherosclerotic plaques and to examine expression of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-2 and MMP-9 in relation to different cell populations within the neointima. Methods. The immunohistochemical examination was performed on 16 atherosclerotic plaques (8 unstable and 8 stable) excised during carotid endarterectomy for critical stenosis. VSMCs of contractile, synthetic, macrophagic, and osteogenic phenotypes were identified by staining for α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA), vimentin, CD68, and RUNX2, respectively. Activity of neointimal remodeling was assessed by staining for MMP-2 and MMP-9. Results. Approximately one-third of atherosclerotic plaques was positively stained for MMP-9 exclusively expressed in CD68-positive cells, which however, did not correlate with plaque ruptures. Localization, content, and ratio of different VSCM phenotypes significantly varied in different plaques. Positive α-SMA staining was found mainly in the intact media and fibrous cap. In contrast, both CD68-positive and CD68/α-SMA double-positive cells were detected within the neointima but not in the media. Vimentin was expressed in the neointima between the medial layers and fibrous cap near the acellular extracellular matrix suggesting its active production by mesenchymal cells. Both RUNX2- and RUNX2 α-SMA double-positive cells indicative of VSMC osteogenic differentiation were also observed in the neointima. Conclusion. Carotid atherosclerotic plaques contained VSMCs of all phenotypes, which were differentially localized within the neointima; however, the MMP-2 and MMP-9 expression was restricted to CD68-positive macrophages and CD68/α-SMA-positive VSMCs of the macrophagal phenotype.


2008 ◽  
Vol 22 (S1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jing Li ◽  
Amit Jairaman ◽  
Piruthivi Sukumar ◽  
Karen Porter ◽  
David Beech

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mandy O J Grootaert ◽  
Martin R Bennett

Abstract Vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) are key participants in both early and late-stage atherosclerosis. VSMCs invade the early atherosclerotic lesion from the media, expanding lesions, but also forming a protective fibrous cap rich in extracellular matrix to cover the ‘necrotic’ core. Hence, VSMCs have been viewed as plaque-stabilizing, and decreased VSMC plaque content—often measured by expression of contractile markers—associated with increased plaque vulnerability. However, the emergence of lineage-tracing and transcriptomic studies has demonstrated that VSMCs comprise a much larger proportion of atherosclerotic plaques than originally thought, demonstrate multiple different phenotypes in vivo, and have roles that might be detrimental. VSMCs down-regulate contractile markers during atherosclerosis whilst adopting alternative phenotypes, including macrophage-like, foam cell-like, osteochondrogenic-like, myofibroblast-like, and mesenchymal stem cell-like. VSMC phenotypic switching can be studied in tissue culture, but also now in the media, fibrous cap and deep-core region, and markedly affects plaque formation and markers of stability. In this review, we describe the different VSMC plaque phenotypes and their presumed cellular and paracrine functions, the regulatory mechanisms that control VSMC plasticity, and their impact on atherogenesis and plaque stability.


2008 ◽  
Vol 600 (1-3) ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mariëlle C. Hendriks-Balk ◽  
Pieter B. van Loenen ◽  
Najat Hajji ◽  
Martin C. Michel ◽  
Stephan L.M. Peters ◽  
...  

2001 ◽  
Vol 154 (2) ◽  
pp. 377-385 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giovanni Barillari ◽  
Loredana Albonici ◽  
Sandra Incerpi ◽  
Laura Bogetto ◽  
Giuseppa Pistritto ◽  
...  

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