Chronic portal hypertension: effects on gastrointestinal blood flow distribution

1986 ◽  
Vol 250 (4) ◽  
pp. G535-G539 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. N. Benoit ◽  
W. A. Womack ◽  
R. J. Korthuis ◽  
W. H. Wilborn ◽  
D. N. Granger
Keyword(s):  
Blood Flow ◽  
Portal Hypertension ◽  
Flow Distribution ◽  
Histological Evaluation ◽  
Organ Blood Flow ◽  
Blood Flow Distribution ◽  
Radioactive Microsphere ◽  
Radioactive Microsphere Technique ◽  
Gastrointestinal Blood Flow ◽  
Muscularis Externa

The intramural distribution of blood flow in the gastrointestinal tract was measured in shamoperated control and portal vein-stenosed rats. Total organ blood flow, measured via the radioactive microsphere technique, was elevated in the esophagus (66%), stomach (102%), duodenum (42%), jejunum (52%), ileum (54%), and colon (79%) of portal-hypertensive rats. Histological evaluation of carbonized nonradioactive 15-microns microspheres allowed for fractionation of blood flow within the wall (mucosa, submucosa, and muscularis externa) of each organ. The microsphere distribution pattern indicates that intramural blood flow distribution in all organs was not dramatically affected by chronic portal hypertension. These findings further define the characteristics of the factors responsible for the gastrointestinal hyperemia produced by chronic portal hypertension.

Hemodynamic disturbances in the rat as a function of the number of microspheres injected

1983 ◽  
Vol 245 (6) ◽  
pp. H920-H923 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. A. Stanek ◽  
T. L. Smith ◽  
W. R. Murphy ◽  
T. G. Coleman
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Blood Flow ◽  
Reference Sample ◽  
Flow Distribution ◽  
Fluid Replacement ◽  
Blood Flow Distribution ◽  
Radioactive Microsphere ◽  
Electromagnetic Flowmetry ◽  
Radioactive Microsphere Technique ◽  
Hemodynamic Disturbance

The purpose of this study was to reevaluate the radioactive microsphere technique used to measure blood flow distribution. The rats were conscious when studied. A dextrose solution with specific gravity of 1.3 was used as the suspension media instead of 10% dextran, which has previously been shown to cause hypotension. The microspheres were injected into the left atrium, which provided for maximal mixing with the blood before being ejected into the aortic arch. Ficoll-70 was given after each reference sample as a fluid replacement. With these modifications an injection of 360,000 microspheres or less caused no hemodynamic disturbances, as judged by electromagnetic flowmetry. After 1.4 X 10(6) microspheres had accumulated in the rat (several injections) the only significant hemodynamic disturbance was a decreased heart rate. This study establishes the limits in the rat regarding the number of microspheres that can be injected before hemodynamic disturbances result.

Effect of pulseless perfusion on gastrointestinal blood flow and its distribution.

1979 ◽  
Vol 236 (1) ◽  
pp. E28
Author(s):  
P M Shoor ◽  
L D Griffith ◽  
R B Dilley ◽  
E F Bernstein
Keyword(s):  
Blood Flow ◽  
Small Intestine ◽  
Perfusion Pressure ◽  
Control Period ◽  
Flow Distribution ◽  
Left Ventricular ◽  
Organ Blood Flow ◽  
Arterial Perfusion ◽  
Gastrointestinal Blood Flow ◽  
Pulsatile Perfusion

The effect of nonpulsatile (NP) arterial perfusion on gastrointestinal organ blood flow and intraorgan flow distribution was studied in 10 anesthetized (pentobarbital) dogs utilizing the radionuclide-labeled microsphere (15 micrometer) technique. Measurements of flow to the stomach, small intestine, and colon were made during a pulsatile perfusion control period and after 1- and 2-h periods of NP perfusion with a centrifugal left ventricular bypass pump (Medtronic). Total gastric blood flow (0.178 +/- 0.021 ml/min per g) as well as the partitioning of that flow between gastric subsegments such as antrum (17% of total gastric flow), body (83%), and mucosa (73%) was not significantly altered during the 2-h period of NP perfusion (P greater than 0.20). Similarly, flow to the intestine showed significant change during NP perfusion. Under conditions of equivalent hemodynamic states (mean perfusion pressure), nonpulsatile arterial perfusion results in no significant alteration in gastrointestinal blood flow or its intraorgan distribution.

Reproductive organ blood flow measured using radioactive microspheres in diestrous and estrous mice

1992 ◽  
Vol 262 (4) ◽  
pp. R666-R670 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. T. Dowell ◽  
C. G. Gairola ◽  
J. N. Diana
Keyword(s):  
Blood Flow ◽  
Carotid Artery ◽  
Reference Sample ◽  
Flow Distribution ◽  
Reproductive Organ ◽  
Organ Blood Flow ◽  
Blood Flow Distribution ◽  
Primary Mechanism ◽  
C57bl Mice ◽  
Microfuge Tube

Blood flow is a primary mechanism controlling reproductive organ functions. In the present study, radioactive microsphere techniques were adapted to measure ovarian, uterine, and vaginal blood flow levels in C57BL mice. Anesthetized animals were tracheostomized and the left carotid artery was cannulated. The heart was exposed and 113Sn-labeled spheres (15 microns size, 2 microCi, 0.1 ml) were injected via the left ventricle. Reference sample was obtained by carotid artery blood "free flowing" into a tared microfuge tube for 1 min. The animal was killed, and selected tissues were excised for weighing and radioactivity measurement to determine flow. Absence of differences in flow levels (ml.min-1.g-1) to paired nonreproductive organs (adrenals and kidneys) validated the procedure. Blood flow levels were significantly higher in the ovaries, but not in the uterus and vagina of estrous mice vs. diestrous mice. Comparison of left vs. right ovaries suggested consistent blood flow distribution during diestrus. Ovarian blood flow level is enhanced during estrus and, in addition, is highly nonuniform regarding right-left flow distribution. Nonuniform ovarian blood flow distribution in estrous mice leads us to speculate that alternating right-left (i.e. nonuniform) ovulation predominates during each murine estrous cycle.

A444 EFFECTS OF THE HEMOPUMP (HP) ON ORGAN BLOOD FLOW DISTRIBUTION DURING CARDIOGENIC SHOCK IN DOGS

1990 ◽  
Vol 73 (3A) ◽  
pp. NA-NA
Author(s):  
P. F. Wouters ◽  
T. Möllhoff ◽  
U. Mees ◽  
H. Van Aken ◽  
W. Flameng
Keyword(s):  
Blood Flow ◽  
Cardiogenic Shock ◽  
Flow Distribution ◽  
Organ Blood Flow ◽  
Blood Flow Distribution

EFFECTS OF PROPRANOLOL AND EXERCISE ON CARDIAC DYNAMICS AND ORGAN BLOOD FLOW DISTRIBUTION IN DOGS

1984 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 251-256 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. DUMONT ◽  
P. MAGRASSI ◽  
R. PARENT ◽  
P. STANLEY ◽  
C. CHARTRAND
Keyword(s):  
Blood Flow ◽  
Flow Distribution ◽  
Organ Blood Flow ◽  
Blood Flow Distribution ◽  
Cardiac Dynamics

Visceral blood flow distribution during exercise to exhaustion in conscious dogs

1976 ◽  
Vol 40 (6) ◽  
pp. 927-931 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. M. Sanders ◽  
R. A. Werner ◽  
C. M. Bloor
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Blood Flow ◽  
Cardiac Output ◽  
Stroke Volume ◽  
Flow Distribution ◽  
Aortic Pressure ◽  
Organ Blood Flow ◽  
Hemodynamic Parameters ◽  
Blood Flow Distribution ◽  
Mean Aortic Pressure

We measured changes in organ blood flow (OBF) distribution and systemic hemodynamics in 9 dogs running 5–13 km/h during steady-state (SS) and exhaustive (EE) exercise on a treadmill at 8–15% grade for an average of 35 min. SS was defined when a heart rate (HR) of 80% maximum was attained and when HR was constant for 5–8 min. EE was defined as when the dog collapsed, unable to run longer. We measured heart rate, mean aortic pressure, cardiac output, and stroke volume via implanted probes and catheters. All hemodynamic parameters rose significantly (P less than 0.05) with exercise. Stroke volume and aortic pressure did not rise above SS levels during EE. OBF, determined with microspheres, to the liver, stomach, and intestines declined during SS and returned to control levels during EE. OBF to the kidneys and pancreas was not significantly changed by either SS or EE. OBF to the spleen declined progressively with SS and EE. We concluded that 1) the effect of exercise on OBF depends on the severity of exercise, emphasizing the need to quantify work loads in exercise studies, and 2) the splanchnic organs do not respond homogeneously to exercise and that this response is not adequately described by % of CO assessments.

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