Cerebral potentials evoked by esophageal distension in human

1990 ◽  
Vol 259 (6) ◽  
pp. G955-G959 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. J. Smout ◽  
M. S. DeVore ◽  
D. O. Castell
Keyword(s):  
Evoked Potentials ◽  
Healthy Volunteers ◽  
Balloon Inflation ◽  
Balloon Distension ◽  
Stimulus Perception ◽  
Esophageal Balloon ◽  
Cerebral Evoked Potentials ◽  
Esophageal Sphincter ◽  
Human Esophagus

Recent studies have shown that cerebral evoked potentials (EPs) can be recorded after balloon distension of the human esophagus. The aim of this study was to evaluate the characteristics of these viscerosensory EPs and to investigate the relations between these EPs and perception of esophageal distension. Nineteen healthy volunteers (22-60 yr old) were studied. A balloon positioned 5 cm above the lower esophageal sphincter was inflated 10 times each minute. EPs recorded from four midline scalp electrodes were averaged for 50 and 100 inflation cycles. A clearly defined triphasic (negative-positive-negative) EP was recorded in all subjects and from all four recording sites when a volume leading to definite sensation and rapid balloon inflation (170 ml/s) was used. The latencies of the peaks were 231 +/- 7 (N1), 303 +/- 7 (P1), and 379 +/- 8 ms (N2). No significant correlation between stimulus perception and latency was found. The amplitude and quality of the EPs (scored by 3 blinded observers) increased significantly (P less than 0.01, ANOVA) with increasing sensation. Slow balloon inflation (30 ml/s) was significantly less effective in evoking EPs than rapid inflation (P less than 0.01). The EPs evoked by 100 inflations were not significantly clearer than those evoked by 50 inflations. It is concluded that the ability to record cerebral potentials evoked by esophageal balloon distension is related to the rate of balloon inflation and to the level of awareness of the stimulus.

Influence of vagal cooling on esophageal function.

1977 ◽  
Vol 232 (2) ◽  
pp. E159 ◽  
Author(s):  
J P Ryan ◽  
W J Snape ◽  
S Cohen
Keyword(s):  
Esophageal Wall ◽  
Vagal Activity ◽  
Esophageal Peristalsis ◽  
Esophageal Function ◽  
Balloon Distension ◽  
Esophageal Balloon ◽  
Cervical Vagotomy ◽  
Bilateral Vagotomy ◽  
Esophageal Sphincter ◽  
Vagal Cooling

Experiments were performed on adult opossums to determine the effect of decreased vagal activity on the esophageal peristalsis and lower esophageal sphincter (LES) relaxation associated with pharyngeal stimulation (PS) and esophageal balloon distension (ED). The cervical vagi were exposed and cooled (individually and bilaterally) to 3 degrees C using Dry Ice and alcohol-chilled saline. Unilateral vagal cooling had no effect on the esophageal peristalsis or LES relaxation associated with PS or ED. Similarly, bilateral vagal cooling did not alter the peristalsis and sphincter relaxation induced by ED. Bilateral vagal cooling, on the other hand, significantly decreased the incidence of peristalsis and the sphincter relaxation associated with PS. Studies were also performed to examine the effect of unilateral and bilateral vagotomy of esophageal function. Neither right nor left cervical vagotomy affected esophageal peristalsis or LES relaxation, regardless of the model of stimulation. Bilateral vagotomy, however, diminished the esophageal response to PS but was without effect on the peristalsis and LES relaxation produced in response to ED. From the studies we condlude: 1) the vagus nerve is of primary importance in regulating the esophageal response to PS, and 2) local neuromuscular factors within the esophageal wall appear sufficient to initiate and maintain an esophageal response to distension.

Determinants of lower esophageal sphincter relaxation induced by esophageal balloon distension in humans

1996 ◽  
Vol 270 (6) ◽  
pp. G1022-G1027 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. W. Manthey ◽  
B. T. Massey ◽  
R. C. Arndorfer ◽  
W. J. Hogan
Keyword(s):  
Lower Esophageal Sphincter ◽  
Healthy Subjects ◽  
Relaxation Response ◽  
Vagal Modulation ◽  
Lower Esophageal Sphincter Relaxation ◽  
Balloon Distension ◽  
Esophageal Balloon ◽  
Large Balloon ◽  
Esophageal Sphincter ◽  
Different Diameters

The determinants of the lower esophageal sphincter relaxation response to esophageal distension have not previously been systematically examined in humans. In this study, 14 healthy subjects were tested using a manometry catheter with a sleeve device and three balloons spaced 5 cm apart. Subjects had up to five distensions with each balloon at four different diameters and two different durations of inflation. The results indicated that 1,170 separate distensions were available for analysis. Sphincter relaxation occurred more frequently (P < 0.005) with larger balloon diameters, yet occurred in only 84% of inflations at the largest diameter. Sphincter relaxation was more often observed with the proximal balloon (P < 0.005) during longer distensions (P < 0.05) and when esophageal contractions occurred above the balloon (P < 0.005). Once sphincter relaxation occurred, its magnitude was essentially independent of balloon site and diameter, distension duration, and the presence of proximal contractions. In conclusion, even large balloon distensions do not uniformly produce or maintain lower esophageal sphincter relaxation. Sphincter relaxation is more likely with proximal esophageal distension. The association of sphincter relaxation with vagally mediated proximal contractions suggests vagal modulation of this response.

Effect of aging on the secondary esophageal peristalsis: presbyesophagus revisited

1995 ◽  
Vol 268 (5) ◽  
pp. G772-G779 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Ren ◽  
R. Shaker ◽  
M. Kusano ◽  
B. Podvrsan ◽  
N. Metwally ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
The Elderly ◽  
Air Injection ◽  
Esophageal Peristalsis ◽  
Healthy Elderly ◽  
Balloon Distension ◽  
Esophageal Sphincter ◽  
Human Esophagus ◽  
Secondary Peristalsis ◽  
Frequency Of Stimulation ◽  
Stimulation Of

In this study we determined the effect of aging on the capability of the human esophagus to generate secondary peristalsis. We studied nine healthy young (35 +/- 2 yr, 25-45 yr) and nine healthy elderly (74 +/- 3 yr, 70-83 yr) volunteers. We stimulated secondary peristalsis by intraesophageal air injection and balloon distension. All young volunteers exhibited secondary esophageal peristalsis. In four elderly volunteers, secondary peristalsis could not be elicited with injection of any of the tested air volumes. Frequency of stimulation of secondary peristalsis and lower esophageal sphincter (LES) relaxation in response to intraesophageal air distension in the elderly was significantly lower than that in the young (P < 0.01). Stimulation of secondary peristalsis by balloon distension was less consistent compared with the air injection. In conclusion, 1) in the elderly, compared with the young, secondary esophageal peristalsis is either absent or is evoked less frequently after esophageal distension, and complete LES relaxation in response to esophageal air distension is less frequent, and 2) in both young and elderly, secondary esophageal peristalsis is induced more frequently after generalized esophageal distension by air than its segmental distension by a balloon.

The Role of the Cerebral Cortex in Acupuncture Modulation of the Somesthetic Afferent

1995 ◽  
Vol 23 (01) ◽  
pp. 11-14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francisco Abad-Alegria ◽  
S. Adelantado ◽  
Tomás Martinez
Keyword(s):  
Cerebral Cortex ◽  
Evoked Potentials ◽  
Healthy Volunteers ◽  
Somatosensory Evoked Potentials ◽  
Acupuncture Point ◽  
Repetitive Stimulation ◽  
Acupuncture Stimulation ◽  
Special Quality

It is known from previous work that acupuncture stimulation modifies the somesthetic afferent to different extents depending on the acupoint studied. In this study, somatosensory evoked potentials of 21 healthy volunteers are recorded. When acupoint LI-4 (Hoku) is stimulated, it produces noticeable modifications, with a significant increase of latency and decrease of amplitude of the peaks which reflect the primary cortical afferent. Comparison of these results with the absence of changes when the experiment is repeated by stimulating a non-acupuncture point, ensures that the effects observed depend on the special quality of the acupuncture point stimulated and not on the mere repetitive stimulation on the skin.

Cerebral evoked potentials after endorectal mechanical stimulation in humans

1988 ◽  
Vol 254 (4) ◽  
pp. G477-G482 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Collet ◽  
P. Meunier ◽  
R. Duclaux ◽  
S. Chery-Croze ◽  
P. Falipou
Keyword(s):  
Evoked Potentials ◽  
Mechanical Stimulation ◽  
Evoked Potential ◽  
Rectal Wall ◽  
International System ◽  
Rectal Sensation ◽  
Rectal Balloon ◽  
Female Age ◽  
Cerebral Evoked Potentials ◽  
Stimulation Of

Although numerous clinical studies have proved that impaired rectal sensation is a major factor in fecal continence dysfunctions, objective studies in this field are still lacking. To provide information on normal rectal afferents, a study of cerebral potentials evoked by mechanical stimulation of the rectal wall was carried out in 10 healthy volunteers (5 male, 5 female; age, 33–52 yr). The stimulating device consisted of a rectal balloon rhythmically inflated and deflated by means of an animal breathing ventilator. Recordings were obtained 2 cm behind the vertex (C'z, International system 10–20). The responses were averaged from 300 to 800 sweeps. The average was triggered either on inflation ("on effect") or on deflation ("off effect"). Inflation volume and pressure were adjusted to induce a clear but not painful pulsing sensation. Reproducible responses were recorded by both on and off effects. The evoked potentials were polyphasic with a succession of positive and negative waves (peak latencies between 78 and 310 ms). The shape of the response (morphology, latency, and amplitude) was perfectly reproducible in the same subject. With regard to intrasubject reproducibility, variability was displayed: only the early waves (latency less than 100 ms) were perfectly reproducible; late waves exhibited variable latency and morphology. The present findings are the first demonstration of the possibility of recording an evoked potential on the scalp after a mechanical stimulation of the rectum.

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