No effect of intrarenal converting enzyme inhibition on canine renal blood flow

1982 ◽  
Vol 243 (2) ◽  
pp. H277-H283 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. G. Zimmerman ◽  
P. C. Wong ◽  
G. K. Kounenis ◽  
E. J. Kraft
Keyword(s):  
Blood Flow ◽  
Renal Blood Flow ◽  
Enzyme Inhibition ◽  
Dose Group ◽  
Converting Enzyme ◽  
Hemodynamic Changes ◽  
Converting Enzyme Inhibition ◽  
Group 3 ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Group 1

Captopril and teprotide were administered intra-arterially to the kidney and intravenously to inhibit intrarenal and extrarenal converting enzyme (CE), respectively. Captopril was infused at 0.4, 0.8, and 1.6 micrograms . kg-1 . min-1 intra-arterially, and teprotide was given at 0.4 and 0.8 micrograms . kg-1 . min-1 intra-arterially in salt-replete dogs (group 1). Both agents were also given intravenously in the dose of 0.2 mg/kg, known to cause maximal extrarenal CE inhibition. The intra-arterial infusions of the inhibitors had no effect on renal hemodynamics but caused a graded degree of intrarenal CE inhibition. A lesser degree of extrarenal CE inhibition was seen after captopril in these doses. Intravenous administration of captopril and teprotide inhibited extrarenal CE, but only captopril increased renal blood flow (13%). When teprotide was given in a higher dose (group 3, 1.02 mg/kg), it too increased renal blood flow. In salt-deplete dogs (group 2), captopril infused intra-arterially caused a degree of intrarenal CE inhibition comparable with that in the salt-replete dogs but again produced little or no renal hemodynamic changes. When given intravenously in this group, captopril inhibited extrarenal EE and elicited a greater increase in renal blood flow (36%) than in the group 1 dogs. These results indicate that in conscious dogs renal vasodilatation is associated with extrarenal, but not intrarenal, CE inhibition.

Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibition restores the diffusing capacity for carbon monoxide in patients with chronic heart failure by improving the molecular diffusion across the alveolar capillary membrane

1999 ◽  
Vol 96 (1) ◽  
pp. 17-22 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marco GUAZZI ◽  
Piergiuseppe AGOSTONI
Keyword(s):  
Heart Failure ◽  
Chronic Heart Failure ◽  
Angiotensin Converting Enzyme ◽  
Enzyme Inhibition ◽  
Angiotensin Converting Enzyme Inhibition ◽  
Converting Enzyme ◽  
Converting Enzyme Inhibition ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Alveolar Capillary ◽  
Group 1

Conductance of alveolar capillary membrane (DM) and capillary blood volume (VC) are the subcomponents of the pulmonary diffusing capacity for carbon monoxide (DLco). In chronic heart failure, stress failure of the membrane provides a mechanism for reduced DM and subsequent impairment of DLco. Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibition improves DLco in patients with chronic heart failure. This study was aimed at investigating which of the two subcomponents of DLco is affected by angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors. Twenty-seven patients with NYHA class II to III chronic heart failure (group 1) and 13 age- and sex-matched normal subjects underwent pulmonary function testing with determination of DM and VC, while receiving placebo and 48 ;h and 1 and 2 months after starting enalapril treatment (10 ;mg twice daily). Nine similar patients (group 2) received isosorbide dinitrate (40 ;mg thrice daily) for a month then enalapril for another month, and underwent pulmonary function testing at 48 ;h and 1 month after starting treatments. Effects of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibition in normal controls were not significant in the short- or mid-term. In group 1 patients, the only change observed at 48 ;h was a reduction in VC (probably due to a decrease in capillary pulmonary pressure). There was a marked increase in DM to a similar extent at 1 and 2 months, resulting in a significant improvement in DLco despite a decrease in VC. In group 2 patients, nitrates failed to improve DLco and DM, whereas enalapril was as effective as in group 1. These observations suggest a modulatory effect of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibition on the membrane function which emerges gradually and persists over time and is probably dissociated from changes in pulmonary capillary pressure and VC. Chronic heart failure disturbs the alveolar capillary interface and increases gas diffusion resistance; angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibition restores the diffusive properties of the membrane and gas transfer, and protects the lung when the heart is failing.

scholarly journals Perioperative Hemodynamic Changes During Video-Assisted Thoracoscopic Decortication for empyema

2017 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 88-96
Author(s):  
Fang-Ting Chen ◽  
An-Hsun Chou ◽  
Chun-Yu Chen ◽  
Pei-Chi Ting ◽  
Ming-Wen Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lung Ventilation ◽  
Lateral Decubitus Position ◽  
Time Interval ◽  
Hemodynamic Parameters ◽  
Hemodynamic Changes ◽  
Video Assisted ◽  
Lateral Decubitus ◽  
Group 3 ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Group 1

Background and Objective: Hemodynamic consequences during video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery (VATS) with decortication during empyema drainage are unclear. The aim of the study was to assess the perioperative hemodynamic changes decortication during empyema drainage. Methods: A prospective study enrolled 23 patients with empyema who underwent decortication. Hemodynamic parameters were continuously obtained at 15 time points: supine two lung ventilation after induction, lateral decubitus position and two lung ventilation, lateral decubitus position and one-lung ventilation, every 5 min after decortication upto 60 minutes and at the end of surgery. We divided patients into three groups according to microorganisms, group 1: patients with no growth of organism; group 2: patients with staphylococcus aureus and pseudomonas; group 3: patients with streptococcus, yeast and fungus, gram-positive bacilli, and mycobacterium tuberculosis. The hemodynamic variables were recorded by the third-generation Vigileo/FloTracTM system and variables for each time interval were compared with the baseline by Wilcoxon Signed Ranks Test. Results: In group 1, hemodynamic parameters showed no significant changes over time. However, in group 2 and 3, both CO and CI increased 10 to 15 minutes after decortication and remained elevated during the remainder of surgery. However, SVR and SVRI decreased 10 to 15 minutes after decortication in both groups, especially, with a more significant decrease noted in group 2 than group 3. Conclusion: Close perioperative hemodynamic monitoring during decortication in empyema patients is required because of potential hemodynamic disturbances especially patients with toxic microorganisms.

Influence of adenosine on cerebral blood flow during hypoxic hypoxia in the newborn piglet

1990 ◽  
Vol 68 (4) ◽  
pp. 1534-1541 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Laudignon ◽  
E. Farri ◽  
K. Beharry ◽  
J. Rex ◽  
J. V. Aranda
Keyword(s):  
Blood Flow ◽  
Cerebral Blood Flow ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Severe Hypoxia ◽  
Group 4 ◽  
Csf Levels ◽  
Group 3 ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Arterial Po2 ◽  
Group 1

This study investigated the role of adenosine in the regulation of neonatal cerebral blood flow (CBF) during moderate (arterial PO2 = 47 +/- 9 Torr) and severe (arterial PO2 = 25 +/- 4 Torr) hypoxia. Twenty-eight anesthetized and ventilated newborn piglets were assigned to four groups: 8 were injected intravenously with the vehicle (controls, group 1); 13 received an intravenous injection of 8-phenyltheophylline (8-PT), a potent adenosine receptor blocker, either 4 mg/kg (group 2, n = 6, mean cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) levels less than 1 mg/l) or 8 mg/kg (group 3, n = 7, mean CSF levels less than 3.5 mg/l); and 7 received an intracerebroventricular injection of 10 micrograms 8-PT (group 4). During normoxia, CBF was not altered by vehicle or 8-PT injections. In group 1, 10 min of moderate and severe hypoxia increased total CBF by 112 +/- 36 and 176 +/- 28% (SE), respectively. Compared with controls, the cerebral hyperemia during moderate hypoxia was not altered in group 2, attenuated in group 3 (to 53 +/- 13%, P = NS), and completely blocked in group 4 (P less than 0.01). CBF increase secondary to severe hypoxia was attenuated only in group 4 (74 +/- 29%, P less than 0.05). CSF concentrations of adenosine and adenosine metabolites measured by high-performance liquid chromatography increased during hypoxia. Arterial O2 content was inversely correlated (P less than 0.005) to maximal CSF levels of adenosine (r = 0.73), inosine (r = 0.87), and hypoxanthine (r = 0.80).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Contemporary aspects of pathogenetically substantiated therapy of adenomyosis

2016 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 92-97 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arutyun F Arutyunyan ◽  
Sergey N Gaydukov ◽  
Vitaly N Kustarov
Keyword(s):  
Blood Flow ◽  
Conservative Treatment ◽  
Survey Data ◽  
Clinical Symptoms ◽  
Uterine Blood Flow ◽  
Uterine Arteries ◽  
Group 3 ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Pathogenic Effects ◽  
Group 1

The purpose of our study was to assess the effectiveness of the use of drugs containing indole-3-carbinol and epigallocatechin-3 gallate in combination with effective natural methods (TES-therapy and hirudotherapy) depending on the degree of morphological adenomyosis. The study involved 205 women with diffuse adenomyosis. Based on survey data from 205 women surveyed in 67 verified adenomyosis first degree (Group 1), 79 - second degree adenomyosis (group 2), and 59 - third degree adenomyosis (group 3). Doppler results showed that in patients with adenomyosis first degree nizkorezistentny uterine blood flow was observed. Improvement of clinical symptoms of the disease, increasing the numerical values of R & D in the uterine arteries at the first degree adenomyosis indicates pathogenic effects of the proposed treatment. At the same time in patients with adenomyosis II-III degree was observed with highly bloodstream, indicating the deterioration of blood flow in the uterine vascular basin, as evidenced by some of hemostasis. Thus, studies have provided credible evidence pathogenesis mediated relations between the characteristics of the circulation of the uterus, the processes of neoangiogenesis, proliferation in the myometrium and the extent of spread of the disease, which will choose the appropriate methods of conservative treatment. Using drugs and Indinol epigallat affecting the basic pathogenetic mechanisms of adenomyosis, opens a new direction in the treatment of this disease, and effective natural methods - new opportunities in the treatment of adenomyosis.

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