Hemodynamic monitoring for 24 h in unanesthetized rats

1987 ◽  
Vol 253 (6) ◽  
pp. H1335-H1341 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. L. Smith ◽  
T. G. Coleman ◽  
K. A. Stanek ◽  
W. R. Murphy
Keyword(s):  
Cardiac Output ◽  
Mean Arterial Pressure ◽  
Cardiac Index ◽  
Arterial Pressure ◽  
Stroke Volume ◽  
Diurnal Variation ◽  
Total Peripheral Resistance ◽  
Peripheral Resistance ◽  
Resistance Index ◽  
Total Peripheral Resistance Index

A new technique is described that allows minute-to-minute recordings of cardiac output and arterial pressure in unanesthetized rats for periods of 24 h and longer. Rats were instrumented with electromagnetic flow probes and arterial catheters. An electrical and hydraulic swivel was interposed between the rat and recording apparatus to allow free range of movement. Data were collected and analyzed once each minute by computer. Average 24-h values (mean +/- SD) for the following hemodynamic variables were determined in eight rats [expressed where appropriate as a function of body weight (BW)]: cardiac output (98.1 +/- 14.7 ml/min), cardiac index (29.2 +/- 4.4 ml.min-1.100 g BW-1), mean arterial pressure (92.5 +/- 7.8 mmHg), heart rate (347 +/- 45 beats/min), peak aortic flow (403 +/- 32 ml/min), stroke volume (282 +/- 26 microliters), stroke volume index (84.4 +/- 8.1 microliters/100 g BW), and total peripheral resistance index (3.26 +/- 0.46 mmHg.ml-1.min.100 g BW). These results provide a data base of hemodynamic values for unanesthetized adult, Sprague-Dawley male rats, which has not been previously available. In addition, cardiac index, mean arterial pressure, and total peripheral resistance index demonstrated diurnal variation. Diurnal variation contributed substantially to the overall variance observed within these variables. Hourly variance was also substantial and indicates the use of continuous recordings for short-term experiments.

Hemodynamic responses to paraventricular nucleus disinhibition with bicuculline in conscious rats

1993 ◽  
Vol 265 (5) ◽  
pp. H1727-H1733 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. S. Martin ◽  
J. R. Haywood
Keyword(s):  
Mean Arterial Pressure ◽  
Cardiac Index ◽  
Arterial Pressure ◽  
Paraventricular Nucleus ◽  
Total Peripheral Resistance ◽  
Peripheral Resistance ◽  
Resistance Index ◽  
Volume Index ◽  
Hemodynamic Responses ◽  
Total Peripheral Resistance Index

The present study was undertaken to determine the hemodynamic responses associated with stimulation of the hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus (PVN). Male Sprague-Dawley rats (n = 21) were instrumented with guide cannulas directed bilaterally at the PVN, with an electromagnetic flow probe placed on the ascending aorta and with femoral venous and arterial catheters. Bicuculline methiodide (BMI, 2 mM) was infused bilaterally (100 nl/20 min) into the PVN region before and after treatment with the beta 1-adrenergic antagonist, metoprolol bitartrate (2 mg/kg iv) or the alpha 1-adrenergic receptor antagonist, prazosin hydrochloride (2 mg/kg iv). Infusion of BMI into the PVN increased mean arterial pressure by 17 +/- 2 mmHg, and heart rate rose by 91 +/- 8 beats/min. Cardiac index increased 17 +/- 3%, whereas total peripheral resistance index was not altered significantly. After metoprolol treatment, the mean arterial pressure response to BMI was similar to control (16 +/- 2 mmHg), but the tachycardia was reduced significantly (10 +/- 4 beats/min). In addition, the blood flow response was changed qualitatively. Total peripheral resistance increased 13 +/- 3%, whereas the cardiac index response was abolished (1 +/- 2%). After prazosin treatment, BMI administration into the PVN failed to increase arterial pressure (-1 +/- 4 mmHg). Nevertheless, the BMI infusion was associated with significant hemodynamic effects. Total peripheral resistance index decreased (-24 +/- 6%), whereas cardiac index and stroke volume index increased 34 +/- 8 and 17 +/- 5%, respectively.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

scholarly journals Abnormal cardiovascular response to nitroglycerin in migraine

Cephalalgia ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 40 (3) ◽  
pp. 266-277
Author(s):  
Willebrordus PJ van Oosterhout ◽  
Guus G Schoonman ◽  
Dirk P Saal ◽  
Roland D Thijs ◽  
Michel D Ferrari ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Cardiac Output ◽  
Mean Arterial Pressure ◽  
Arterial Pressure ◽  
Stroke Volume ◽  
Total Peripheral Resistance ◽  
Cardiovascular Response ◽  
Peripheral Resistance ◽  
Cardiovascular Responses ◽  
Initial Increase

Introduction Migraine and vasovagal syncope are comorbid conditions that may share part of their pathophysiology through autonomic control of the systemic circulation. Nitroglycerin can trigger both syncope and migraine attacks, suggesting enhanced systemic sensitivity in migraine. We aimed to determine the cardiovascular responses to nitroglycerin in migraine. Methods In 16 women with migraine without aura and 10 age- and gender-matched controls without headache, intravenous nitroglycerin (0.5 µg·kg−1·min−1) was administered. Finger photoplethysmography continuously assessed cardiovascular parameters (mean arterial pressure, heart rate, cardiac output, stroke volume and total peripheral resistance) before, during and after nitroglycerin infusion. Results Nitroglycerin provoked a migraine-like attack in 13/16 (81.2%) migraineurs but not in controls ( p = .0001). No syncope was provoked. Migraineurs who later developed a migraine-like attack showed different responses in all parameters vs. controls (all p < .001): The decreases in cardiac output and stroke volume were more rapid and longer lasting, heart rate increased, mean arterial pressure and total peripheral resistance were higher and decreased steeply after an initial increase. Discussion Migraineurs who developed a migraine-like attack in response to nitroglycerin showed stronger systemic cardiovascular responses compared to non-headache controls. The stronger systemic cardiovascular responses in migraine suggest increased systemic sensitivity to vasodilators, possibly due to insufficient autonomic compensatory mechanisms.

Cardiovascular Effects of Moxibustion at Jen Chung (Go-26) during Halothane Anesthesia in Dogs

1975 ◽  
Vol 03 (03) ◽  
pp. 245-261 ◽  
Author(s):  
Do Chil Lee ◽  
Myung O. Lee ◽  
Donald H. Clifford
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Cardiac Output ◽  
Mean Arterial Pressure ◽  
Arterial Pressure ◽  
Stroke Volume ◽  
Total Peripheral Resistance ◽  
Venous Pressure ◽  
Peripheral Resistance ◽  
Cardiovascular Effects ◽  
Halothane Anesthesia

The cardiovascular effects of moxibustion at Jen Chung (Go-26) in 10 dogs under halothane anesthesia were compared to 5 dogs under halothane anesthesia without moxibustion and 5 dogs under halothane anesthesia in which moxibustion was effected at a neutral or non-acupuncture site. Cardiac output, stroke volume, heart rate, mean arterial pressure, central venous pressure, total peripheral resistance, pH, PaCO2, PaO2 and base deficit were measured over a two-hour period. A significant increase in cardiac output and stroke volume and a significant decrease in the total peripheral resistance were observed in the group which was stimulated by moxibustion at Jen Chun (Go-26). Heart rate, mean arterial pressure and pulse pressure were significantly increase during the early part of the two-hour period in the same group. The cardiovascular effects of moxibustion at Jen Chung (Go-26) which were observed at the end of the two hours were also present in two dogs in which measurements were continued for two additional hours.

Inhibition of the Cardiovascular Effects of Acupuncture (Moxibustion) by Phenotolamine in Dogs During Halothane Anesthesia

1976 ◽  
Vol 04 (02) ◽  
pp. 153-161 ◽  
Author(s):  
Myung O. Lee ◽  
Do Chil Lee ◽  
Donald H. Clifford
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Cardiac Output ◽  
Mean Arterial Pressure ◽  
Arterial Pressure ◽  
Stroke Volume ◽  
Total Peripheral Resistance ◽  
Peripheral Resistance ◽  
Cardiovascular Effects ◽  
Blocking Agent ◽  
Halothane Anesthesia

The cardiovascular effects of acupuncture, moxibustion by electrocautery, at Jen Chung (Go-26) and phentolamine (0.1 mg/kg-i.v.) alone were compared to phentolamine (0.1 mg/kg-i.v.) prior to moxibustion at Go-26 in groups of ten dogs under 0.75 percent halothane anesthesia. Cardiac output, stroke volume, heart rate, mean arterial pressure, central venous pressue, total peripheral resistance, pH, PaCO2, PaO2 and base deficit were measured over a two hour period. A significant increase (5% level) in cardiac output, stroke volume, heart rate, mean arterial pressure, pulse pressure and significant decrease in total peripheral resistance were observed following acupuncture, moxibustion with electrocautery, at Jen Chung (Go-26) in dogs under halothane anesthesia. These effects were inhibited by pretreatment with the alpha blocking agent, phentolamine (0.1mg/kg-i.v.). The cardiovascular effects of phentolamine (0.1mg/kg-i.v.) alone were similar to those of dogs in which phenotolamine was administered prior to moxibustion.

Hemodynamic responses to acute carboxyhemoglobinemia in the rat

1983 ◽  
Vol 244 (3) ◽  
pp. H320-H327 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. E. Kanten ◽  
D. G. Penney ◽  
K. Francisco ◽  
J. E. Thill
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Cardiac Output ◽  
Mean Arterial Pressure ◽  
Cardiac Index ◽  
Arterial Pressure ◽  
Stroke Volume ◽  
Peripheral Resistance ◽  
Systolic Pressure ◽  
Left Ventricular ◽  
Stroke Work

The effects of carbon monoxide on the hemodynamics of the adult rat were investigated. A number of parameters were measured using an open-chest, chloralose-urethan anesthetized preparation. Our experiments showed this anesthetic agent to have several advantages over pentobarbital sodium. One group inhaled 150 ppm CO for 0.5-2 h, carboxyhemoglobin (HbCO) reaching 16%. Heart rate, cardiac output, cardiac index, dF/dtmax (aortic), and stroke volume rose significantly; mean arterial pressure, total peripheral resistance, and left ventricular systolic pressure fell, whereas stroke work, left ventricular dP/dtmax, and stroke power changed little. These effects were evident at a HbCO saturation as low as 7.5% (0.5 h). A second group inhaled 500 ppm CO for 5-48 h, HbCO reaching 35-38%. The same parameters changed in the same direction as in the first group, with mean arterial pressure and peripheral resistance remaining depressed, while heart rate, cardiac output, cardiac index, and stroke volume remained elevated. Heart rate and arterial systolic pressure were also monitored in conscious rats; rats in one group inhaled 500 ppm CO for 24 h, and rats in a second group were injected with a bubble of pure CO ip. In both cases heart rate was sharply elevated and blood pressure depressed as HbCO saturation increased. Both parameters recovered on CO washout. There was no significant difference between the response to inhaled vs. injected CO.

Plasma Noradrenaline Concentrations and Haemodynamics in the Early Stage of Essential Hypertension

1978 ◽  
Vol 55 (s4) ◽  
pp. 69s-71s ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. Miura ◽  
K. Kobayashi ◽  
H. Sakuma ◽  
H. Tomioka ◽  
M. Adachi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Essential Hypertension ◽  
Mean Arterial Pressure ◽  
Cardiac Index ◽  
Arterial Pressure ◽  
Total Peripheral Resistance ◽  
Peripheral Resistance ◽  
Young Patients ◽  
Plasma Noradrenaline ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Wide Range

1. Plasma noradrenaline concentrations and haemodynamic status were simultaneously studied in young patients with uncomplicated essential hypertension and in age-matched normal controls. 2. Resting plasma noradrenaline in the controls tended to increase slightly, but progressively, with age. The hypertensive subjects had significantly higher plasma noradrenaline concentrations than those in the controls, but these values did not show any age-related variation. The response of plasma noradrenaline to the standing position tended to increase with age in the controls, whereas plasma noradrenaline in the hypertensive subjects showed a wide range of responses without any fixed relationship with age. 3. The cardiac index was significantly greater in the labile hypertensive subjects than in the controls, whereas total peripheral resistance was significantly greater in the sustained hypertensive subjects than in the labile patients and in the controls. Mean arterial pressure in these patients was closely related with the values of total peripheral resistance rather than with the cardiac index. 4. Of the patients with raised plasma noradrenaline 80% showed significantly increased values of either total peripheral resistance or cardiac index. Plasma noradrenaline was correlated significantly to total peripheral resistance, and marginally to mean arterial pressure. 5. These findings support the view that sympathetic nervous overactivity is an important factor underlying the haemodynamic findings in these patients.

Effects of Carnosine on the Toxicity of Doxorubicin in Rabbits and Mice

Pteridines ◽  
2003 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 94-101 ◽  
Author(s):  
Remigiusz Zieba ◽  
Elzbieta Czarnecka ◽  
Małgorzata Wągrowska-Danilewicz ◽  
Malgorzata Dzielska-Olczak ◽  
Julita Graczyk
Keyword(s):  
Mean Arterial Pressure ◽  
Cardiac Index ◽  
Arterial Pressure ◽  
Cardiac Muscle ◽  
Total Peripheral Resistance ◽  
Rabbit Model ◽  
Peripheral Resistance ◽  
Stroke Index ◽  
Haemodynamic Parameters ◽  
Doxorubicin Administration

Abstract The aim of this study was to establish the effect of naturally occurring antioxidant - carnosine - on the doxorubicin induced cardiotoxicity in a rabbit model. For this purpose we evaluated the influence of doxorubicin administration alone and in a combined therapy with carnosine on the haemodynamic parameters and on the degree of cardiac muscle cells alterations in rabbits. The rabbits were divided into four groups. One group of rabbits was injccted with doxorubicin in a dose of 2 mg kg-1 weekly for 7 weeks to induce congestive heart failure. Another group of rabbits received the same doses of doxorubicin simultaneously with carnosine in a dose of 100 mg kg1 p.o. daily for 9 weeks. Administration of carnosine was started 1 week prior to the first dose of doxorubicin and was ended one week after the administration of the last dose of doxorubicin. The control groups of animals received 0.9% NaCl and carnosine alone. The following haemodynamic parameters were estimated: heart rate, mean arterial pressure, cardiac index, stroke index and total peripheral resistance. Registration of the haemodynamic parameters in rabbits was performed by Doppler method. Carnosine normalised the values of mean arterial pressure in rabbits receiving doxorubicin, and increased the values of cardiac index and stroke index. The influence of carnosine on total peripheral resistance was not statistically significant, but there was a decreasing tendency. The degree of cardiac muscle cell alterations was examined by light microscopy using Mean Total Score technique. The histopathological studies revealed smaller damage of cardiac muscle in rabbits which received doxorubicin and carnosine, in comparison to animals receiving doxorubicin alone. Carnosine seems to be car dioprotective during doxorubicin administration

Sympathetic and Parasympathetic Components of Reflex Cardiostimulation during Vasodilator Treatment of Hypertension

1978 ◽  
Vol 55 (s4) ◽  
pp. 329s-332s ◽  
Author(s):  
A. J. Man in 't Veld ◽  
G. J. Wenting ◽  
R. P. Verhoeven ◽  
M. A. D. H. Schalekamp
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Cardiac Output ◽  
Mean Arterial Pressure ◽  
Arterial Pressure ◽  
Total Peripheral Resistance ◽  
Peripheral Resistance ◽  
Hypertensive Patients ◽  
Treatment Of Hypertension ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Vasodilator Treatment

1. Haemodynamic responses to diazoxide (300 mg intravenously) were studied in 15 hypertensive patients before and after chronic β-adrenoreceptor blockade by 320 mg of propranolol daily. After diazoxide alone, mean arterial pressure and total peripheral resistance were lowered by 24 ± 3 and 35 ± 5% (mean ± sem) respectively. Cardiac output and heart rate rose by 25 ± 9 and 21 ± 3%. During β-adrenoreceptor blockade, the percentage changes of mean arterial pressure, heart rate, cardiac output and total peripheral resistance after vasodilatation were not significantly different from those after diazoxide alone. 2. Atropine, 0·04 mg/kg body weight, was given to 12 hypertensive patients chronically treated with β-adrenoreceptor blockade, before acute vasodilatation by diazoxide. Diazoxide caused no increase in heart rate after combined β-adrenoreceptor and parasympathetic blockade. However, cardiac output rose by 14 ± 5%. 3. We conclude that withdrawal of parasympathetic tone is an important determinant of circulatory homeostasis after acute vasodilatation during β-adrenoreceptor blockade.

Hemodynamic studies in DOCA-salt hypertensive rats after opening of an arteriovenous fistula

1992 ◽  
Vol 262 (6) ◽  
pp. H1802-H1808 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Huang ◽  
R. L. Hester ◽  
A. C. Guyton ◽  
R. A. Norman
Keyword(s):  
Cardiac Output ◽  
Mean Arterial Pressure ◽  
Arterial Pressure ◽  
Total Peripheral Resistance ◽  
Peripheral Resistance ◽  
Cardiovascular Responses ◽  
Atrial Pressure ◽  
Right Atrial ◽  
Right Atrial Pressure ◽  
Hypertensive Rats

We determined the cardiovascular responses in normal and deoxycorticosterone acetate (DOCA)-salt hypertensive rats with reduced total peripheral resistance due to an arteriovenous (a-v) fistula. Animals were divided into four groups: control, fistula, DOCA-salt, and DOCA-salt fistula. The fistula was made by anastomosing the aorta and vena cava below the renal arteries. Four weeks after the creation of the fistula both DOCA-salt and DOCA-salt fistula animals received DOCA and salt for 6–8 wk. At the end of 10–12 wk we measured mean arterial pressure, cardiac output, tissue flows, and right atrial pressure. Flow measurements using radioactive microspheres were made in anesthetized animals. Cardiac index (CI) was 202% higher in the fistula group than in the control animals and 165% higher in the DOCA-salt fistula than in the DOCA-salt animals. There was no difference in cardiac output between the control and DOCA-salt animals. The increase in cardiac output was due to the fistula flow as evidenced by a significant increase in the number of microspheres in the lung. Mean arterial pressure was 115 +/- 4 mmHg (control) and 108 +/- 5 mmHg (fistula) in non-DOCA rats but increased in both DOCA groups, 159 +/- 3 mmHg (DOCA-salt) and 145 +/- 5 mmHg (DOCA-salt fistula). Right atrial pressure was increased above control in both fistula animals but was normal in DOCA-salt animals. Total peripheral resistance (TPR) was higher than control in DOCA-salt animals, but TPR in both the fistula and DOCA-salt fistula animals was lower than control.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Haemodynamic Alterations after Reversal of Renal Hypertension in Rats

1979 ◽  
Vol 57 (s5) ◽  
pp. 15s-17s ◽  
Author(s):  
Margareta Hallbäck-Nordlander ◽  
E. Noresson ◽  
Y. Lundgren
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Cardiac Output ◽  
Smooth Muscle ◽  
Mean Arterial Pressure ◽  
Arterial Pressure ◽  
Total Peripheral Resistance ◽  
Peripheral Resistance ◽  
Vascular Changes ◽  
Hypertensive Rats ◽  
Renal Hypertensive Rats

1. Cardiac output, heart rate and mean arterial pressure were determined in two-kidney Goldblatt hypertensive rats of 4 weeks' duration, in matched normotensive controls and in declipped renal hypertensive rats 2 h-28 days after renal artery declipping. 2. After declipping mean pressure fell rapidly due to a corresponding reduction in total peripheral resistance, this being normalized after 1 day. Cardiac output and heart rate remained initially unchanged, but 1 day after declipping the former was significantly increased compared with output in renal hypertensive rats. 3. The initial normalization of total peripheral resistance must be ascribed to a subnormal vascular smooth muscle tone. The reason is that the hypertensive structural vascular changes are not yet significantly reduced and their presence implies an elevated flow resistance, even when vascular smooth muscle activity equals that in normotension. 4. This considerable ‘overshoot’ in vascular relaxation and lack of reflexogenic tachycardia, despite resetting of baroreceptors, suggest that peripheral as well as central mechanisms contribute to the rapid normalization of mean arterial pressure in two-kidney Goldblatt hypertension in rats, later stabilized by reversal of structural vascular changes.

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