Stabilization and rectification of muscle fiber membrane by tetrodotoxin

1960 ◽  
Vol 198 (5) ◽  
pp. 934-938 ◽  
Author(s):  
Toshio Narahashi ◽  
Takehiko Deguchi ◽  
Norimoto Urakawa ◽  
Yoshio Ohkubo
Keyword(s):  
Muscle Fiber ◽  
Muscle Fibers ◽  
Membrane Resistance ◽  
Frog Muscle ◽  
Resting Potential ◽  
Fiber Membrane ◽  
Delayed Rectification ◽  
Intracellular Microelectrodes ◽  
Cathodal Current ◽  
Muscle Fiber Membrane

The mode of action of tetrodotoxin on the frog muscle fiber membrane has been analyzed with the aid of intracellular microelectrodes. Tetrodotoxin of 10–7 concentration made the applied cathodal current ineffective in producing action potential, whereas the resting potential and resting membrane resistance underwent little or no change. With 10–8 tetrodotoxin the muscle fibers responded with the small action potentials at high critical depolarizations. These results can be explained on the basis of the membrane being stabilized by inactivation of the sodium-carrying mechanism. Although delayed rectification was not observed in normal muscle fibers, it became apparent in the fibers rendered inexcitable by tetrodotoxin. This finding, together with other evidence in the existing literature, supports an applicability of the sodium theory to the frog muscle fibers.

Influence of nitrate and other anions on fast and slow contractions of crab muscle

1968 ◽  
Vol 46 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. L. Atwood
Keyword(s):  
Membrane Potential ◽  
Muscle Fiber ◽  
Membrane Resistance ◽  
Single Muscle ◽  
Fiber Membrane ◽  
Tension Development ◽  
Muscle Fiber Membrane ◽  
Slow Contraction ◽  
Potential Threshold ◽  
Bathing Fluid

The effects of bromide, nitrate, iodide, and thiocyanate ions on the neurally evoked fast and slow contractions of a crab muscle were investigated. Both types of contraction were depressed in bromide and nitrate. In iodide and thiocyanate, the slow contraction was often depressed but the fast contraction was potentiated. The foreign anions increased muscle fiber membrane resistance and the amplitudes of both fast and slow postsynaptic potentials. Records of tension development in single muscle fibers showed that more stimulating current was required to produce a given tension in nitrate than in the standard bathing fluid; this change was related to hyperpolarization of the muscle fiber membrane in nitrate. Potassium contractures also were inhibited by nitrate, because of the less effective depolarization of the cell membrane by potassium ion in the presence of nitrate. No marked shift in the membrane potential threshold for contraction occurred after treatment with the foreign anions.

Effects of ?-endorphin on the development of denervation changes in rat muscle fiber membrane

1988 ◽  
Vol 19 (6) ◽  
pp. 550-555 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. V. Chikin ◽  
A. Kh. Urazaev ◽  
E. M. Volkov ◽  
G. I. Poletaev ◽  
Kh. S. Khamitov
Keyword(s):  
Muscle Fiber ◽  
Fiber Membrane ◽  
Rat Muscle ◽  
Muscle Fiber Membrane

scholarly journals Electromyography and Applications Based on the Interpretation of the Electrical Activity Associated with the Depolarization-Repolarization Cycle of the Muscle Fiber Membrane

2020 ◽  
Vol 71 (9) ◽  
pp. 325-336
Author(s):  
Teodor Dan Vacarus ◽  
Cristina Popescu ◽  
Adrian Moise ◽  
Gabriela Bucur
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Activity ◽  
Muscle Fiber ◽  
Industrial Robots ◽  
Processing Unit ◽  
Fiber Membrane ◽  
Analog To Digital ◽  
Prosthetic Limbs ◽  
Analog To Digital Conversion ◽  
Series Of Experiments ◽  
Muscle Fiber Membrane

The aim of this paper is to present the implementation of a method for data acquisition, processing and interpretation of the electrical activity associated with the muscle fiber membrane, generated as a result of the ionic pumps� action. By using a biofeedback shield (EKG/EMG shield) for differential amplification and analog signal filtering, an Arduino development board for analog to digital conversion and an external processing unit, a series of experiments were carried out. These referred to medical diagnosis and research, human-machine interfaces (control of a robotic joint which could be used for prosthetic limbs or industrial robots, as well as control of the computer � for video games, virtual reality, interaction with other devices), and monitoring and increasing sports performance. Due to its noninvasive characteristics, this technique, known as surface electromyography, proves to play a significant role in areas such as medical research, rehabilitation, ergonomics, sports etc.

scholarly journals Double Sucrose-Gap Method Applied to Single Muscle Fiber of Xenopus laevis

1974 ◽  
Vol 63 (2) ◽  
pp. 235-256 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shigehiro Nakajima ◽  
Joseph Bastian
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Properties ◽  
Action Potential ◽  
Muscle Fiber ◽  
Time Course ◽  
Muscle Fibers ◽  
Membrane Conductance ◽  
Frog Muscle ◽  
Muscle Twitch ◽  
Sucrose Gap ◽  
Isotonic Shortening

Passive electrical properties (internal conductance, membrane conductance, low frequency capacity, and high frequency capacity obtained from the foot of the action potential) of normal and glycerol-treated muscle of Xenopus were determined with the intracellular microelectrode technique. The results show that the electrical properties of Xenopus muscle are essentially the same as those of frog muscle. Characteristics of the action potential of Xenopus muscle were also similar to those of frog muscle. Twitch tension of glycerol-treated muscle fibers of Xenopus recovered partially when left in normal Ringer for a long time (more than 6 h). Along with the twitch recovery, the membrane capacity increased. Single isolated muscle fibers of Xenopus were subjected to the double sucrose-gap technique. Action potentials under the sucrose gap were not very different from those obtained with the intracellular electrode, except for the sucrose-gap hyperpolarization and a slight tendency toward prolongation of the shape of action potential. Twitch contraction of the artificial node was recorded as a change of force from one end of the fiber under the sucrose gap. From the time-course of the recorded force and the sinusoidal stress-strain relationship at varying frequencies of the resting muscle fiber, the time-course of isotonic shortening of the node was recovered by using Fourier analysis. It was revealed that the recorded twitch force can approximately be regarded as isotonic shortening of the node.

scholarly journals The Effects of Various Ions on Resting and Spike Potentials of Barnacle Muscle Fibers

1964 ◽  
Vol 48 (1) ◽  
pp. 163-179 ◽  
Author(s):  
Susumu Hagiwara ◽  
Shiko Chichibu ◽  
Ken-ichi Naka
Keyword(s):  
Time Course ◽  
Specific Effect ◽  
Resting Potential ◽  
Organic Cations ◽  
Fiber Membrane ◽  
Spike Potential ◽  
Barnacle Muscle ◽  
Tenfold Increase ◽  
K Concentration ◽  
Muscle Fiber Membrane

Effects of monovalent cations and some anions on the electrical properties of the barnacle muscle fiber membrane were studied when the intra- or extracellular concentrations of those ions were altered by longitudinal intra-cellular injection. The resting potential of the normal fiber decreases linearly with increase of logarithm of [K+]out and the decrement for a tenfold increase in [K+]out is 58 mv when the product, [K+]out ·[Cl-]out, is kept constant. It also decreases with decreasing [K+]in but is always less than expected theoretically. The deviation becomes larger as [K+]in increases and the resting potential finally starts to decrease with increasing [K+]in for [K+]in > 250 mM. When the internal K+ concentration is decreased the overshoot of the spike potential increases and the time course of the spike potential becomes more prolonged. In substituting for the internal K+, Na+ and sucrose affect the resting and spike potentials similarly. Some organic cations (guanidine, choline, tris, and TMA) behave like sucrose while some other organic cations (TEA, TPA, and TBA) have a specific effect and prolong the spike potential if they are applied intracellularly or extracellularly. In all cases the active membrane potential increases linearly with the logarithm of [Ca++]out/[K+]in and the increment is about 29 mv for tenfold increase in this ratio. The fiber membrane is permeable to Cl- and other smaller anions (Br- and I-) but not to acetate- and larger anions (citrate-, sulfate-, and methanesulfonate-).

Hypokalemic periodic paralysis: In vitro investigation of muscle fiber membrane parameters

1984 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 110-120 ◽  
Author(s):  
Reinhardt Rüdel ◽  
Frank Lehmann-Horn ◽  
Kenneth Ricker ◽  
Gerald Küther
Keyword(s):  
Muscle Fiber ◽  
Periodic Paralysis ◽  
Fiber Membrane ◽  
Hypokalemic Periodic Paralysis ◽  
In Vitro Investigation ◽  
Muscle Fiber Membrane
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