Buffer distribution in isolated perfused rat heart measured by rubidium 86

1964 ◽  
Vol 206 (4) ◽  
pp. 905-908 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joseph C. Shipp ◽  
James R. Spencer ◽  
Lamar E. Crevasse
Keyword(s):  
Coronary Artery ◽  
Coronary Arteries ◽  
Coronary Flow ◽  
Nonuniform Distribution ◽  
Isolated Perfused Heart ◽  
Perfused Heart ◽  
Perfused Rat Heart ◽  
Sintered Glass ◽  
Artery Flow ◽  
Millipore Filters

The pattern of distribution of Rb86 in sections of the isolated perfused heart was determined as a measure of uniformity of coronary artery flow. Results suggest that coronary flow was uniform after nonrecirculated perfusion for 15 min. Similar results were obtained in hearts perfused for 30 and for 60 min. The distribution of Rb86 was comparable in hearts perfused for 30 min with perfusate circulated through either coarse porosity, sintered-glass filters or 5-µ Millipore filters. A nonuniform distribution of isotope was demonstrated with ligation of branches of coronary arteries and with the introduction of air. The results suggest that hearts perfused by recirculation of buffer through coarse porosity, sintered-glass filters have a uniform distribution of perfusate throughout the heart.

scholarly journals Use of the Isolated Perfused Heart for Evaluation of Cardiac Toxicity

1990 ◽  
Vol 18 (4a) ◽  
pp. 497-510 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter G. Anderson ◽  
Stanley B. Digerness ◽  
Jerald L. Sklar ◽  
Paul J. Boor
Keyword(s):  
Rat Heart ◽  
Coronary Flow ◽  
Systolic Pressure ◽  
Left Ventricular ◽  
Heart Weight ◽  
Isolated Perfused Heart ◽  
Heart Model ◽  
Perfused Heart ◽  
Perfused Rat Heart ◽  
Isolated Perfused Rat Heart

The isolated perfused rat heart model can be used to evaluate cardiotoxicity, and is especially useful in distinguishing direct vs indirect cardiac injury. Various perfusion systems can be used to characterize the pathophysiologic as well as morphologic changes induced by drugs or chemicals of interest. The isolated perfused heart was used in the studies described herein to characterize the mechanism of allylamine cardiotoxicity. Rat hearts were perfused with Krebs-Henseleit buffer containing 10 mm allylamine and a latex balloon was inserted into the left ventricle to monitor pressure. Coronary flow in hearts perfused with 10 mm allylamine was similar to control hearts at 5, 10, and 30 min, but was reduced by 1 hr (11.5 ± 0.6 ml/min/g wet heart weight vs 16.0 ± 0.7, p < 0.01). Peak left ventricular systolic pressure increased in hearts perfused with allylamine for 5 min (156 ± 8 mm Hg vs 103 ± 9, p < 0.01), but by 2 hr was decreased compared to controls (89 ± 6 vs 105 ± 5, p < 0.05). End diastolic pressure was markedly increased at 2 hr (58 ± 3 vs 4 ± 0.8, p < 0.01). Morphologically, allylamine perfused hearts exhibited significant contraction band changes as well as numerous cells with marked swelling of the sarcoplasmic reticulum. The findings in this study suggest that allylamine produces direct myocardial damage that appears to be independent of coronary flow. These studies demonstrate that the isolated perfused rat heart model can be used to evaluate mechanisms of acute cardiotoxicity.

scholarly journals Feasibility of 3D4D echocardiography for the detection of colour-coded flow in the left anterior descending artery

2014 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 23-30 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephan Stoebe ◽  
Dietrich Pfeiffer ◽  
Andreas Hagendorff
Keyword(s):  
Coronary Artery ◽  
Coronary Arteries ◽  
Doppler Echocardiography ◽  
Coronary Flow ◽  
Flow Visualisation ◽  
Flow Signal ◽  
Left Anterior Descending Artery ◽  
Coronary Artery Flow ◽  
Clinical Scenarios ◽  
Artery Flow

The aim of this study was to test the feasibility of the visualisation of 3D4D coronary flow in detectable segments of coronary arteries. Regarding the feasibility of this new approach, the hypothesis was proposed that the flow signals of the course of detectable coronary arteries can be better visualised by 3D4D echocardiography than by the conventional 2D approach. A total of 30 consecutive patients with sinus rhythm, in whom the distal left anterior descending artery (LAD) was visualised by 2D colour-coded Doppler echocardiography, were selected for 3D4D scanning procedures. All measurements were performed using a Vivid 7 or E9. All segments visualised by 2D colour-coded Doppler echocardiography were also examined by 3D4D echocardiography. Using defined settings, the width of the colour-coded flow signal differs significantly between 2D- and 3D4D echocardiography. The length of larger segments of the visualised colour-coded flow signal of the coronary flow could be better detected with 2D imaging. Small segments of coronary artery flow (<11 mm), however, could be significantly better visualised by 3D4D echocardiography. The main advantage of 3D4D echocardiography of the coronary artery flow is the visualisation of the proportions of vessels with complex morphology. 3D4D echocardiography of LAD flow by colour-coded Doppler echocardiography raises new possibilities for the direct flow visualisation of the detectable segments of coronaries. With its sufficiently high spatial and temporal resolution, this new method has the potential to be implemented in clinical scenarios. The possible application to the quantification of stenoses by the flow visualisation has to be evaluated in further studies.

scholarly journals Prognostic value of non-invasive coronary artery flow velocity assessment in elderly patients

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
E Kalinina ◽  
A Zagatina ◽  
N Zhuravskaya ◽  
D Shmatov
Keyword(s):  
Myocardial Infarction ◽  
Coronary Artery ◽  
Elderly Patients ◽  
Flow Velocity ◽  
Coronary Arteries ◽  
Coronary Flow ◽  
Prognostic Value ◽  
Area Under Curve ◽  
Left Coronary Artery ◽  
Maximal Velocity

Abstract Funding Acknowledgements Type of funding sources: None. Background There is a high prevalence of coronary artery disease (CAD) in the elderly population. However, symptoms of CAD are often non-specific. Dyspnoe, non-anginal pains are among the main symptoms in older patients. Exercise tests are of limited feasibility in these patients, due to neuro-muscular weakness, physical deconditioning, and orthopaedic limitations. Pharmacological tests often are contraindicated in a substantial percentage of elderly patients. Some recent studies indicate using local flow acceleration during routine echocardiography has prognostic potential for coronary artery assessments without stress testing. The aim of the study was to define the prognostic value of coronary artery ultrasound assessment in patients ≥75 years old. Methods This is a prospective cohort study. Patients ≥ 75 years old who underwent routine echocardiography with additional scans for coronary arteries over a period of 24 months were included in the study. The study group consisted of 80 patients aged 75-90 years (56 women; mean age 79 ± 4). Initial exams were performed for other reasons, primarily for arterial hypertension. Fifteen patients had known CAD. Death, non-fatal myocardial infarction (MI), and revascularization were defined as major adverse cardiac events (MACE). All patients were followed up with at a median of 32 months. Results There were 34 patients with high local velocities in the left coronary artery. Eight deaths, two non-fatal myocardial infarctions occurred, and 13 revascularizations were performed. With a ROC analysis, a coronary flow velocity &gt;110 cm/s was the best predictor for risk of death (area under curve 0.84 [95% CI 0.74–0.92]; sensitivity 75%; specificity 88%). Only the maximal velocity in proximal left-sided coronary arteries was independently associated with death (HR 1.03, 95% CI 1.01; 1.05; p &lt; 0.002), or death/MI (HR 1.03, 95% CI 1.01; 1.04; p &lt; 0.0001). The cut-off value of 66 cm/s was a predictor of all MACE (area under curve 0.87 [95% CI 0.77–0.94]; sensitivity 80%; specificity 86%). Any causes of death or MI occurred more frequently in patients with velocities of &gt;66 cm/s (27% vs. 2%; p &lt; 0.002). The rates of MACE were 58.0% vs. 2%; p &lt; 0.0000001, respectively. Conclusion The analysis of coronary flow in the left coronary artery during echocardiography can be used as a predictor of outcomes in elderly patients. Maximal velocities in proximal left-sided coronary arteries is independently associated with further death or myocardial infarction.

The Isolated Perfused Heart and Its Pioneers

Physiology ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 203-210 ◽  
Author(s):  
Heinz-Gerd Zimmer
Keyword(s):  
Rat Heart ◽  
Frog Heart ◽  
Isolated Perfused Heart ◽  
Perfused Heart ◽  
Perfused Rat Heart ◽  
Isolated Perfused Rat Heart ◽  
Mammalian Heart ◽  
Heart Preparation ◽  
The 1960S

In 1866, Carl Ludwig together with Elias Cyon created the first isolated perfused frog heart preparation. Perfusion systems for the isolated mammalian heart were developed by H. Newell Martin in 1883 and by Oscar Langendorff in 1895. In its working mode, the isolated perfused rat heart was established in the 1960s.

THE ANTIACCELERATOR EFFECT OF VERATRAMINE ON THE ISOLATED PERFUSED HEART OF THE CAT

1957 ◽  
Vol 35 (3) ◽  
pp. 173-179 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maurice F. Murnaghan
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Coronary Flow ◽  
Elevated Level ◽  
Isolated Perfused Heart ◽  
Perfused Heart ◽  
The Mean

When isopropylarterenol was continuously infused in the isolated perfused heart of the cat, the heart rate remained at a steady elevated level for more than 2 hours. Veratramine selectively antagonized the accelerator effect of isopropylarterenol, and the dose required to cause a 50% reduction in acceleration (I50) was determined. The mean I50 value in 13 experiments (mean of the 13 individual I50 values) is 0.415 micromolar (μM) with fiducial limits of 0.182–0.648. Cardiac irregularities, arising from the sinoauricular node, occurred in seven out of 13 experiments after the administration of veratramine. The results indicate that in this preparation coronary flow is related to amplitude but is independent of heart rate.

THE ANTIACCELERATOR EFFECT OF VERATRAMINE ON THE ISOLATED PERFUSED HEART OF THE CAT

1957 ◽  
Vol 35 (1) ◽  
pp. 173-179
Author(s):  
Maurice F. Murnaghan
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Coronary Flow ◽  
Elevated Level ◽  
Isolated Perfused Heart ◽  
Perfused Heart ◽  
The Mean

When isopropylarterenol was continuously infused in the isolated perfused heart of the cat, the heart rate remained at a steady elevated level for more than 2 hours. Veratramine selectively antagonized the accelerator effect of isopropylarterenol, and the dose required to cause a 50% reduction in acceleration (I50) was determined. The mean I50 value in 13 experiments (mean of the 13 individual I50 values) is 0.415 micromolar (μM) with fiducial limits of 0.182–0.648. Cardiac irregularities, arising from the sinoauricular node, occurred in seven out of 13 experiments after the administration of veratramine. The results indicate that in this preparation coronary flow is related to amplitude but is independent of heart rate.

scholarly journals Among Ectasia Patients with Coexisting Coronary Artery Disease, TIMI Frame Count Correlates with Ectasia Size and Markis Type IV Is the Commonest

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hasahya Tony ◽  
Kai Meng ◽  
Bangwei Wu ◽  
Qiutang Zeng
Keyword(s):  
Coronary Artery Disease ◽  
Coronary Artery ◽  
Coronary Angiography ◽  
Flow Velocity ◽  
Coronary Arteries ◽  
Coronary Flow ◽  
Coronary Artery Ectasia ◽  
Timi Frame Count ◽  
Type Iv ◽  
Artery Disease

Background. Coronary artery ectasia (CAE) occurs in 0.3 to 5.3% of patients undergoing coronary angiography. TIMI frame count (TFC) is an index of coronary flow that correlates with flow velocity. In ectasia patients, there is delayed coronary flow with increased TFC.Methods.We evaluated angiograms of 789 patients for presence of CAE, coronary artery disease (CAD), and Markis type of CAE. We measured ectasia size and length and their correlation with TFC in ectatic right coronary arteries (RCA) of patients with CAE and CAD.Results.30 patients had CAE (3.8%). Of these 16.7% had isolated CAE, while 83.87% had CAE and CAD. Among CAE and CAD patients, the RCA was most involved (70.4%), and Markis type IV CAE was the commonest (64%). In isolated CAE, the RCA, LAD, and LCx were equally involved (33.3%). Patients with CAE and CAD had significantly higher TFC compared to controls,P=0.035. There was a positive correlation of moderate strength, between ectasia size and TFC,r(17) = 0.598,P=0.007. Ectasia length was not significantly correlated with TFC, rho (17) = 0.334,P=0.163.Conclusion.Among patients undergoing angiography, CAE has a prevalence of 3.8% and Markis type IV is the commonest. Larger ectasias are associated with slower coronary flow.

scholarly journals Differences in cardiac microcirculatory wave patterns between the proximal left mainstem and proximal right coronary artery

2008 ◽  
Vol 295 (3) ◽  
pp. H1198-H1205 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nearchos Hadjiloizou ◽  
Justin E. Davies ◽  
Iqbal S. Malik ◽  
Jazmin Aguado-Sierra ◽  
Keith Willson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Coronary Artery ◽  
Flow Velocity ◽  
Coronary Arteries ◽  
Right Coronary Artery ◽  
Coronary Flow ◽  
Wave Intensity ◽  
Intensity Analysis ◽  
Wave Intensity Analysis ◽  
Coronary Flow Velocity ◽  
Proximal Right Coronary Artery

Despite having almost identical origins and similar perfusion pressures, the flow-velocity waveforms in the left and right coronary arteries are strikingly different. We hypothesized that pressure differences originating from the distal (microcirculatory) bed would account for the differences in the flow-velocity waveform. We used wave intensity analysis to separate and quantify proximal- and distal-originating pressures to study the differences in velocity waveforms. In 20 subjects with unobstructed coronary arteries, sensor-tipped intra-arterial wires were used to measure simultaneous pressure and Doppler velocity in the proximal left main stem (LMS) and proximal right coronary artery (RCA). Proximal- and distal-originating waves were separated using wave intensity analysis, and differences in waves were examined in relation to structural and anatomic differences between the two arteries. Diastolic flow velocity was lower in the RCA than in the LMS (35.1 ± 21.4 vs. 56.4 ± 32.5 cm/s, P < 0.002), and, consequently, the diastolic-to-systolic ratio of peak flow velocity in the RCA was significantly less than in the LMS (1.00 ± 0.32 vs. 1.79 ± 0.48, P < 0.001). This was due to a lower distal-originating suction wave (8.2 ± 6.6 × 103 vs. 16.0 ± 12.2 × 103 W·m−2·s−1, P < 0.01). The suction wave in the LMS correlated positively with left ventricular pressure ( r = 0.6, P < 0.01) and in the RCA with estimated right ventricular systolic pressure ( r = 0.7, P = 0.05) but not with the respective diameter in these arteries. In contrast to the LMS, where coronary flow velocity was predominantly diastolic, in the proximal RCA coronary flow velocity was similar in systole and diastole. This difference was due to a smaller distal-originating suction wave in the RCA, which can be explained by differences in elastance and pressure generated between right and left ventricles.

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