Canine gastric blood flow and its distribution

1964 ◽  
Vol 207 (6) ◽  
pp. 1195-1202 ◽  
Author(s):  
John P. Delaney ◽  
Eugene Grim
Keyword(s):  
Blood Flow ◽  
Gastric Blood Flow ◽  
Total Flow ◽  
Venous Outflow ◽  
Radioactive Microsphere ◽  
Venous Catheterization ◽  
Microsphere Method ◽  
Radioactive Microsphere Method ◽  
Clearance Technique

Total gastric blood flow in the dog as estimated by the K42 clearance technique agreed within 5% with measured total venous outflow. Extraction of the isotope by the stomach was found to be such that 30–60 sec following injection the organ contained a fraction of the injected dose that was the same as the fraction of the cardiac output that perfused the organ. By comparison with the radioactive microsphere method, the K42 clearance technique was also found to be reasonably accurate for determination of the distribution of the total flow within the organ. Mean total gastric blood flow in intact dogs, unoperated upon except for femoral arterial and venous catheterization, was 49 ml/min per organ or 0.54 ml/min per gram. This was distributed 80% to corpus and 20% to antrum. The corpus flow was partitioned among the mural tissues: mucosa 72%, submucosa 13%, and muscle serosa 15%.

Role of EDRF in splanchnic blood flow of normal and chronic portal hypertensive rats

1992 ◽  
Vol 263 (2) ◽  
pp. G149-G154 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Iwata ◽  
T. Joh ◽  
T. Kawai ◽  
M. Itoh
Keyword(s):  
Blood Flow ◽  
Splanchnic Blood Flow ◽  
Constant Infusion ◽  
Relaxing Factor ◽  
Radioactive Microsphere ◽  
Blood Flow Reduction ◽  
Microsphere Method ◽  
Radioactive Microsphere Method ◽  
Endothelium Derived Relaxing Factor

The role of endogenous endothelium-derived relaxing factor (EDRF) in splanchnic blood flow was assessed in normal and portal vein-stenosed rats (PSRs). Specific and maximal inhibition of EDRF was achieved by intravenous administration of NG-nitro-L-arginine (L-NOARG) as a 1.75 mumol/kg bolus, followed by constant infusion of 1.75 mumol/kg for 20 min. Pretreatment with L-arginine (175 mumol/kg iv) completely blocked both hypertension and the reduction in blood flow induced by L-NOARG. Pretreatment with D-arginine (175 mumol/kg iv) and prazosin (500 micrograms/kg iv) did not attenuate the pressor effect of L-NOARG. These results indicate that L-NOARG selectively blocks EDRF. The blood flow to the stomach, duodenum, jejunum, ileum, cecum, and colon in control rats was 81.1 +/- 8.7, 199.1 +/- 21.9, 153.3 +/- 20.0, 68.6 +/- 10.6, 79.4 +/- 11.8, and 59.3 +/- 7.8 ml.min-1.100 g-1, respectively, and in PSRs was 141.4 +/- 10.8, 244.0 +/- 10.4, 208.3 +/- 9.8, 126.8 +/- 13.0, 166.9 +/- 16.5, and 94.8 +/- 4.7 ml.min-1.100 g-1, respectively. Blood flow was measured using the radioactive microsphere method. L-NOARG significantly reduced blood flow to the stomach, duodenum, jejunum, ileum, cecum, and colon in control rats by 47, 44, 48, 55, 40, and 41%, respectively, and in PSRs by 30, 27, 36, 33, 28, and 23%, respectively. The magnitude of blood flow reduction in PSRs was lower than in normal rats. These results indicate that EDRF plays an important role in control of the splanchnic circulation, but its effect on the hyperdynamic circulation observed in PSRs is insignificant.

Gastric blood flow determination: intramural distribution and arteriovenous shunting of microspheres

1984 ◽  
Vol 247 (5) ◽  
pp. G468-G479
Author(s):  
J. E. Varhaug ◽  
K. Svanes ◽  
C. Svanes ◽  
J. Lekven
Keyword(s):  
Blood Flow ◽  
Lamina Propria ◽  
Gastric Blood Flow ◽  
Diameter Distribution ◽  
Venous Outflow ◽  
Total Blood ◽  
Arteriovenous Shunting ◽  
Blood Flows ◽  
Total Blood Flow

Total and regional gastric blood flows were measured in 23 anesthetized cats by labeled 10-micron (range 8-12 microns) and 15-micron (range 12-20 microns) microspheres. Total blood flow correlated closely with the gastric venous outflow. Flow estimates by 10-microns spheres were 2.95% lower than simultaneous 15-micron estimates. Approximately 2% of the 10-micron spheres and 0.1% of the 15-micron spheres were shunted through the gastric vasculature. The diameter distribution of 6,245 embolized spheres, measured by microscopy, corresponded to that of the injectate, except for a lack of the smallest spheres. Within the mucosa, the 10-microns spheres predominantly lodged in the glandular layer, whereas larger spheres gradually lodged more basally; 50% of the 15-microns population appeared in the lamina propria below the gland bases. Vasodilation did not alter the intramucosal distribution. Spheres in the subglandular lamina propria represented blood flow mainly to the glandular layer. It is therefore essential for reliable estimation of blood flow to the glandular layer of the mucosa that the lamina propria is completely included in the specimens. The submucosa contained only 0.5% of the 10-microns and 2.2% of the 15-micron embolized spheres. Spheres of 10.5-17 microns in diameter are considered the most suitable for determination of gastric blood flow.

scholarly journals The study of acute effects of ethanol on hepatic blood flow using radioactive microsphere method.

Kanzo ◽  
1990 ◽  
Vol 31 (3) ◽  
pp. 302-308 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yoshihiko SAWA ◽  
Takeshi OKANOUE ◽  
Hikoharu KANAOKA ◽  
Naoki HORI ◽  
Yoshito ITOH ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Flow ◽  
Hepatic Blood Flow ◽  
Acute Effects ◽  
Radioactive Microsphere ◽  
Microsphere Method ◽  
Radioactive Microsphere Method

Oxygen delivery to the heart and brain during hypoxia: Pekin duck vs. bar-headed goose

1984 ◽  
Vol 247 (1) ◽  
pp. R69-R75 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. M. Faraci ◽  
D. L. Kilgore ◽  
M. R. Fedde
Keyword(s):  
Blood Flow ◽  
Oxygen Delivery ◽  
Pekin Duck ◽  
Pekin Ducks ◽  
Radioactive Microsphere ◽  
O2 Partial Pressure ◽  
Microsphere Method ◽  
Radioactive Microsphere Method ◽  
Anser Indicus ◽  
O2 Delivery

To investigate mechanisms that may allow birds to tolerate extreme high altitude, we acutely exposed unanesthetized bar-headed geese (Anser indicus) and Pekin ducks (Anas platyrhynchos) to 0.21, 0.10, and 0.05 inspired fractional concentrations of O2 (FIO2). In both birds, arterial O2 partial pressure (PaO2) was about 95 Torr at 0.21 FIO2, 45 Torr at 0.10 FIO2, and 28 Torr at 0.05 FIO2. Hyperventilation occurred at both levels of hypoxia, with PaCO2 decreasing to about 7 Torr at 28 Torr PaO2. At 28 Torr PaO2, arterial O2 content (CaO2) in geese (10.4 vol%) was significantly higher than in ducks (4.1 vol%). As PaO2 declined from about 95 to 28 Torr, both cerebral and coronary blood flow (determined by using the radioactive microsphere method) increased more than fivefold in ducks but less than threefold in geese. At both levels of hypoxia, O2 delivery (flow X CaO2) to the heart and brain of geese was the same as or higher than that of ducks. The unique control of cerebral and coronary O2 delivery exhibited by both species of birds may be related to their remarkable tolerance to severe hypocapnic hypoxia.

Hemodynimic effects of systemic and central administration of clonidine in the monkey

1975 ◽  
Vol 228 (4) ◽  
pp. 1276-1279 ◽  
Author(s):  
P Bolme ◽  
RP Forsyth ◽  
T Ishizaki ◽  
KL Melmon
Keyword(s):  
Blood Flow ◽  
Cardiac Output ◽  
Regional Blood Flow ◽  
Systemic Arterial Pressure ◽  
Intraventricular Injection ◽  
Central Administration ◽  
New Information ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Microsphere Method ◽  
Radioactive Microsphere Method

Systemic and regional hemodynamic changes were measured in restrained, conscious rhesus monkeys with indwelling arterial and venous catheters before and after clonidine (5 and 15 mug/kg) was slowly infused intravenously or smaller doses (2 mug/kg) were injected into a lateral cerebral ventricle. Dye-dilution cardiac outputs and the complete distribution of cardiac output were obtained intermittently with the use of the radioactive microsphere method. After the higher intravenous dose and the intraventricular injection, systemic arterial pressure was significantly lowered for 30-45 min. Both of these groups had similar changes in the redistribution of cardiac output and blood flow that outlasted the hypotensive period. Blood flow was maintained or increased in the hepatic and renal arteries at the expense of skin; flow to skeletal muscle and brain also decreased during the first hour. These data support previous studies that indicate that the primary action of clonidine is in the central nervous system and, in addition, add new information about the regional blood flow changes evoked by clonidine.

scholarly journals Blood flow to bone marrow during development of anemia or polycythemia in the rat

Blood ◽  
1992 ◽  
Vol 79 (3) ◽  
pp. 594-601 ◽  
Author(s):  
PO Iversen ◽  
G Nicolaysen ◽  
HB Benestad
Keyword(s):  
Bone Marrow ◽  
Blood Flow ◽  
Hemolytic Anemia ◽  
Time Course ◽  
Relative Increase ◽  
Detectable Effect ◽  
A Value ◽  
Microsphere Method ◽  
Radioactive Microsphere Method ◽  
Increased Blood Flow

Abstract We applied the radioactive microsphere method to follow the magnitude and time course (0 to 96 hours) of blood flow changes during development and recovery from anemia in awake rats. Blood flow was also monitored during a 96-hour period after polycythemia was induced (erythropoietin administered subcutaneously [SC]). The possible influence of innervation was also examined. After a blood loss of approximately 50% (hypovolemia), blood flow to the femoral marrow tripled within 12 hours and remained elevated for the entire 96-hour period. The relative increase in blood flow to the femoral bone was even greater. Similar findings were obtained in rats with phenylhydrazine (PHZ) hemolytic anemia (normovolemia). Denervation had no detectable effect on the increased blood flow to either marrow or bone. The augmented blood flow during hemolytic anemia was accompanied by a doubling of the oxygen consumption rate by the marrow, while the glucose uptake was not detectably altered. Erythropoietin supplements (3 x 1,000 IU/kg, SC, 6-hour intervals) increased blood flow to the marrow by approximately 25% after 48 hours, and at 72 hours the blood flow had reached a value twice that obtained under control conditions. These results indicate that blood flow to bone marrow is highly variable and hormonally and/or locally regulated. This may have practical consequences for marrow transplantation technology and for administration of drug therapy to patients with insufficient bone marrow hematopoiesis.

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