Common cortical and thalamic mechanisms for language and motor functions

1984 ◽  
Vol 246 (6) ◽  
pp. R901-R903 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. A. Ojemann
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Stimulation ◽  
Human Brain ◽  
Motor Function ◽  
Speech Sound ◽  
Common Mechanism ◽  
Dominant Hemisphere ◽  
Motor Functions ◽  
Language Functions ◽  
Attentional System ◽  
Cortical System

Evidence for common mechanisms in the human brain for motor and language functions is reviewed, particularly evidence derived from electrical-stimulation mapping during cortical and thalamic operations in awake patients. Several systems in the dominant hemisphere are identified where language and motor function share common mechanisms, including a lateral thalamic attentional system and a lateral perisylvian cortical system common to sequential movement and speech sound identification, where precise timing may be a common mechanism.

Brain organization for language from the perspective of electrical stimulation mapping

1983 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 189-206 ◽  
Author(s):  
George A. Ojemann
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Stimulation ◽  
Verbal Memory ◽  
Individual Variability ◽  
Association Cortex ◽  
Dominant Hemisphere ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Brain Organization ◽  
Language Functions ◽  
Orofacial Movements ◽  
Multiple Languages

AbstractA model for the organization of language in the adult humans brain is derived from electrical stimulation mapping of several language-related functions: naming, reading, short-term verbal memory, mimicry of orofacial movements, and phoneme identification during neurosurgical operations under local anesthesia. A common peri-Sylvian cortex for motor and language functions is identified in the language dominant hemisphere, including sites common to sequencing of movements and identification of phonemes that may represent an anatomic substrate for the “motor theory of speech perception.” This is surrounded by sites related to short-term verbal memory, with sites specialized for such language functions as naming or syntax at the interface between these motor and memory areas. Language functions are discretely and differentially localized in association cortex, including some differential localization of the same function, naming, in multiple languages. There is substantial individual variability in the exact location of sites related to a particular function, a variability which can be partly related to the patient's sex and overall language ability and which may depend on prior brain injury and, perhaps subtly, on prior experience. A common “specific alerting response” mechanism for motor and language functions is identified in the lateral thalamus of the language–dominant hemisphere, a mechanism that may select the cortical areas appropriate for a particular language function.

scholarly journals Short-Term and Long-Term Effects of Riding for Children with Cerebral Palsy Gross Motor Functions

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Žalienė ◽  
D. Mockevičienė ◽  
B. Kreivinienė ◽  
A. Razbadauskas ◽  
Ž. Kleiva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cerebral Palsy ◽  
Motor Function ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Gross Motor ◽  
Motor Functions ◽  
Gross Motor Skills ◽  
Gross Motor Function ◽  
Group I

Aim. To evaluate the effects of riding for beginners (short-term) and advanced (long-term) riders with cerebral palsy on their whole mobility. The study involved 15 subjects (two girls and eleven boys). The subjects were aged from 3 to 19 years (8.73 years ± 5.85). All of the subjects had been diagnosed with a spastic form of cerebral palsy. The duration of the participation differed as follows: the advanced subjects had been riding for 1-4 years (2.66 years ± 1.16), while the beginners have been riding for two weeks (10 sessions). Group I (advanced riders) consisted of eight subjects (7 boys and 1 girl) who had therapy sessions regularly once a week and differed only in terms of the duration of their participation in the experiment. Group II (beginners) consisted of seven children (1 girl and 6 boys) who participated in only 10 riding sessions. All of the subjects were assessed according to the Gross Motor Function Measure (GMFM) and Gross Motor Function Classification System for CP (GMFCS) both before the investigation and after it. Conclusions. Ten riding lessons did not have an influence on the beginner riders with cerebral palsy gross motor functions and their gross motor function level did not change. However, in half of the advanced riders with cerebral palsy, the gross motor functions significantly improved. Meanwhile, the level of the performance of the gross motor skills in the four advanced riders increased, but this difference was not statistically significant.

Self-face hallucination evoked by electrical stimulation of the human brain

Neurology ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 83 (4) ◽  
pp. 336-338 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Jonas ◽  
L. Maillard ◽  
S. Frismand ◽  
S. Colnat-Coulbois ◽  
H. Vespignani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Stimulation ◽  
Human Brain ◽  
Face Hallucination ◽  
Stimulation Of

scholarly journals Direct Electrical Stimulation in the Human Brain Disrupts Melody Processing

2017 ◽  
Vol 27 (17) ◽  
pp. 2684-2691.e7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Frank E. Garcea ◽  
Benjamin L. Chernoff ◽  
Bram Diamond ◽  
Wesley Lewis ◽  
Maxwell H. Sims ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Stimulation ◽  
Human Brain ◽  
Direct Electrical Stimulation

Functional Electrical Stimulation (FES) Control for Restoration and Rehabilitation of Motor Function

2012 ◽  
pp. 80-93
Author(s):  
Takashi Watanabe ◽  
Naoto Miura
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Stimulation ◽  
Motor Function ◽  
Functional Electrical Stimulation ◽  
Wearable Sensors ◽  
Integrated System ◽  
Rehabilitation Training ◽  
Cord Injury ◽  
Feedback Error Learning ◽  
Feedback Error ◽  
Functional Movements

Functional electrical stimulation (FES) has been studied and clinically applied to restoring or assisting motor functions lost due to spinal cord injury or cerebrovascular disease. Electrical stimulation without control of functional movements is also used for therapy or in rehabilitation training. In recent years, one of the main focuses of FES studies has been its application for rehabilitation of motor function. In this review, the authors first present the basics of applying electrical stimulation to the neuromuscular system for motor control. Then, two methods of FES control are discussed: controllers for FES based on feedback error learning (FEL) and on cycle-to-cycle control of limb movements. The FEL-FES controller can be practical in FES applications that need to control the musculoskeletal system that involves various nonlinear characteristics and delay in its responses to electrical stimulation. The cycle-to-cycle control is expected to be effective in controlling repetitive movements for rehabilitation training. Finally, a study on ankle dorsiflexion control during the swing phase using an integrated system of FES control and motion measurement with wearable sensors for rehabilitation is presented.

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