scholarly journals Changes in bronchial and pulmonary arterial blood flow with progressive tension pneumothorax

1996 ◽  
Vol 81 (4) ◽  
pp. 1664-1669 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paula Carvalho ◽  
Jacob Hildebrandt ◽  
Nirmal B. Charan
Keyword(s):  
Blood Flow ◽  
Gas Exchange ◽  
Tension Pneumothorax ◽  
Blood Gases ◽  
Left Pulmonary Artery ◽  
Arterial Blood Flow ◽  
Mechanically Ventilated ◽  
Arterial Blood ◽  
Flow Through ◽  
Pulmonary Arterial

Carvalho, Paula, Jacob Hildebrandt, and Nirmal B. Charan.Changes in bronchial and pulmonary arterial blood flow with progressive tension pneumothorax. J. Appl. Physiol. 81(4): 1664–1669, 1996.—We studied the effects of unilateral tension pneumothorax and its release on bronchial and pulmonary arterial blood flow and gas exchange in 10 adult anesthetized and mechanically ventilated sheep with chronically implanted ultrasonic flow probes. Right pleural pressure (Ppl) was increased in two steps from −5 to 10 and 25 cmH2O and then decreased to 10 and −5 cmH2O. Each level of Ppl was maintained for 5 min. Bronchial blood flow, right and left pulmonary arterial flows, cardiac output (Q˙t), hemodynamic measurements, and arterial blood gases were obtained at the end of each period. Pneumothorax resulted in a 66% decrease inQ˙t, bronchial blood flow decreased by 84%, and right pulmonary arterial flow decreased by 80% at Ppl of 25 cmH2O ( P < 0.001). At peak Ppl, the majority ofQ˙t was due to blood flow through the left pulmonary artery. With resolution of pneumothorax, hemodynamic parameters normalized, although abnormalities in gas exchange persisted for 60–90 min after recovery and were associated with a decrease in total respiratory compliance.

scholarly journals PULMONARY ARTERIAL BLOOD FLOW THROUGH AN ACUTELY ATELECTATIC LUNG

1961 ◽  
Vol 42 (5) ◽  
pp. 599-606 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rudolph C. Camishion ◽  
Yoshinori Ota ◽  
Vincent D. Cuddy ◽  
John H. Gibbon
Keyword(s):  
Blood Flow ◽  
Arterial Blood Flow ◽  
Arterial Blood ◽  
Flow Through ◽  
Pulmonary Arterial

Role of tracheal and bronchial circulation in respiratory heat exchange

1985 ◽  
Vol 58 (1) ◽  
pp. 217-222 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. M. Baile ◽  
R. W. Dahlby ◽  
B. R. Wiggs ◽  
P. D. Pare
Keyword(s):  
Blood Flow ◽  
Blood Gases ◽  
Lung Parenchyma ◽  
Arterial Blood ◽  
Respiratory Heat Loss ◽  
Reference Flow ◽  
Pulmonary Arterial ◽  
End Tidal ◽  
Humidified Air

Due to their anatomic configuration, the vessels supplying the central airways may be ideally suited for regulation of respiratory heat loss. We have measured blood flow to the trachea, bronchi, and lung parenchyma in 10 anesthetized supine open-chest dogs. They were hyperventilated (frequency, 40; tidal volume 30–35 ml/kg) for 30 min or 1) warm humidified air, 2) cold (-20 degrees C dry air, and 3) warm humidified air. End-tidal CO2 was kept constant by adding CO2 to the inspired ventilator line. Five minutes before the end of each period of hyperventilation, measurements of vascular pressures (pulmonary arterial, left atrial, and systemic), cardiac output (CO), arterial blood gases, and inspired, expired, and tracheal gas temperatures were made. Then, using a modification of the reference flow technique, 113Sn-, 153Gd-, and 103Ru-labeled microspheres were injected into the left atrium to make separate measurements of airway blood flow at each intervention. After the last measurements had been made, the dogs were killed and the lungs, including the trachea, were excised. Blood flow to the trachea, bronchi, and lung parenchyma was calculated. Results showed that there was no change in parenchymal blood flow, but there was an increase in tracheal and bronchial blood flow in all dogs (P less than 0.01) from 4.48 +/- 0.69 ml/min (0.22 +/- 0.01% CO) during warm air hyperventilation to 7.06 +/- 0.97 ml/min (0.37 +/- 0.05% CO) during cold air hyperventilation.

The selective closure of feline carotid arteriovenous anastomoses (AVAs) by GR43175

Cephalalgia ◽  
1989 ◽  
Vol 9 (9_suppl) ◽  
pp. 41-46
Author(s):  
Marion J Perren ◽  
Wasyl Feniuk ◽  
Patrick Pa Humphrey
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Blood Flow ◽  
Peripheral Resistance ◽  
Haemodynamic Effects ◽  
Arterial Blood Flow ◽  
Arteriovenous Anastomoses ◽  
Arterial Blood ◽  
Flow Through ◽  
Carotid Arterial ◽  
Dose Dependent

The haemodynamic effects of the selective 5-HT1-like agonist GR43175 have been compared with that of ergotamine in anaesthetized cats. Both GR43175 (30–1000 μg/kg intravenously) and ergotamine (0.3–30 μg/kg intravenously) caused a dose-dependent reduction in the proportion of cardiac output passing through arteriovenous anastomoses (AVAs). However, unlike GR43175, the effect of ergotamine (30 μg/kg intravenously) was associated with marked increases in diastolic blood pressure and total peripheral resistance. In further studies, the effect of GR43175 on the distribution of blood flow within the carotid bed has been examined. GR43175 caused a reduction in total carotid arterial blood flow which was entirely due to a reduction in flow through carotid AVAs. These results demonstrate that GR43175, unlike ergotamine, has a highly selective vasoconstrictor action on AVAs within the cranial circulation of anaesthetized cats. Such a mechanism may be important in its antimigraine activity.

Pulmonary blood flow, pressure and resistance following tetraethylammonium and aminophylline

1961 ◽  
Vol 200 (2) ◽  
pp. 287-291 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Harasawa ◽  
S. Rodbard
Keyword(s):  
Blood Flow ◽  
Pulmonary Vascular Resistance ◽  
Vascular Resistance ◽  
Systemic Blood Pressure ◽  
Arterial Blood Flow ◽  
Tetraethylammonium Chloride ◽  
Blood Flows ◽  
Arterial Blood ◽  
Pulmonary Arterial ◽  
Flow Pressure

The effects of tetraethylammonium chloride (TEAC) and aminophylline on the pulmonary vascular resistance were studied in thoracotomized dogs. Pulmonary arterial blood flow and pressure, and systemic blood pressure were measured simultaneously. Both drugs showed marked hypotensive effects on the systemic vessels. In every instance pulmonary arterial pressures and blood flows were reduced by TEAC given via the pulmonary artery and increased by aminophylline. However, the calculated pulmonary vascular resistance remained essentially unchanged in all experiments. These data challenge the concept that the pulmonary vessels respond to these drugs by active vasodilatation

Correlation of left phrenic arterial flow with regional diaphragmatic blood flow

1988 ◽  
Vol 64 (5) ◽  
pp. 2230-2235 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. G. Nichols ◽  
S. M. Scharf ◽  
R. J. Traystman ◽  
J. L. Robotham
Keyword(s):  
Blood Flow ◽  
Mean Arterial Pressure ◽  
Arterial Blood Flow ◽  
Phrenic Nerve Stimulation ◽  
Flow Probe ◽  
Mechanically Ventilated ◽  
Doppler Flow ◽  
Arterial Blood ◽  
Phrenic Artery ◽  
Crural Diaphragm

Previous work has assumed that left phrenic arterial blood flow (Qpa) reflects diaphragmatic blood flow. We have tested this assumption in four anesthetized mechanically ventilated dogs by measuring Qpa with a Doppler flow probe and regional diaphragmatic blood flow with radiolabeled microspheres. Flows were examined during control 1 (diaphragm at rest), pacing (phrenic pacing: rate 20/min, duty cycle 0.33), control 2, hypotension (rest with mean arterial pressure reduced by 45% of the control 1 value), and hypotension and pacing. As a percent of the control 1 value, Qpa was 511 +/- 107% during pacing, 139 +/- 12% during control 2, 40 +/- 13% during hypotension, and finally 347 +/- 31% during hypotension and pacing. Similarly, percent left hemidiaphragmatic blood flow (Qlh) was 362 +/- 91% during pacing, 91 +/- 10% during control 2, 14 +/- 2% during hypotension, and finally 213 +/- 50% during hypotension and pacing. The changes in flow to the left costal and crural diaphragm were similar to those recorded for Qlh. We conclude that Qpa correlates with total and regional diaphragmatic blood flow (r = 0.77–0.81, P less than 0.001) under conditions of supramaximal phrenic nerve stimulation in which the metabolic demands of the region perfused by the phrenic artery are presumed to be similar to the metabolic demands of the rest of the diaphragm.

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