scholarly journals Muscle blood flow response to contraction: influence of venous pressure

2005 ◽  
Vol 98 (1) ◽  
pp. 72-76 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zoran Valic ◽  
John B. Buckwalter ◽  
Philip S. Clifford
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Muscle Blood Flow ◽  
Venous Pressure ◽  
Venous Blood ◽  
Muscle Pump ◽  
Flow Response ◽  
Time Flow ◽  
Skeletal Muscle Contraction ◽  
Arterial Inflow ◽  
Skeletal Muscle Pump

The skeletal muscle pump is thought to be at least partially responsible for the immediate muscle hyperemia seen with exercise. We hypothesized that increases in venous pressure within the muscle would enhance the effectiveness of the muscle pump and yield greater postcontraction hyperemia. In nine anesthetized beagle dogs, arterial inflow and venous outflow of a single hindlimb were measured with ultrasonic transit-time flow probes in response to 1-s tetanic contractions evoked by electrical stimulation of the sciatic nerve. Venous pressure in the hindlimb was manipulated by tilting the upright dogs to a 30° angle in the head-up or head-down positions. The volume of venous blood expelled during contractions was 2.2 ± 0.2, 1.6 ± 0.2, and 1.4 ± 0.2 ml with the head-up, horizontal, and head-down positions, respectively. Although altering hindlimb venous pressure influenced venous expulsion during contraction, the increase in arterial inflow was similar regardless of position. Moreover, the volume of blood expelled was a small fraction of the cumulative arterial volume after the contraction. These results suggest that the muscle pump is not a major contributor to the hyperemic response to skeletal muscle contraction.

Decreased skeletal muscle pump activity in patients with postural tachycardia syndrome and low peripheral blood flow

2004 ◽  
Vol 286 (3) ◽  
pp. H1216-H1222 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julian M. Stewart ◽  
Marvin S. Medow ◽  
Leslie D. Montgomery ◽  
Kenneth McLeod
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Blood Flow ◽  
Blood Volume ◽  
Orthostatic Intolerance ◽  
Low Flow ◽  
Peripheral Blood Flow ◽  
Muscle Pump ◽  
Postural Tachycardia ◽  
Calf Blood Flow ◽  
Skeletal Muscle Pump

Standing translocates thoracic blood volume into the dependent body. The skeletal muscle pump participates in preventing orthostatic intolerance by enhancing venous return. We investigated the hypothesis that skeletal muscle pump function is impaired in postural tachycardia (POTS) associated with low calf blood flow (low-flow POTS) and depends in general on muscle blood flow. We compared 12 subjects that have low-flow POTS with 10 controls and 7 patients that have POTS and normal calf blood flow using strain-gauge plethysmography to measure peripheral blood flow, venous capacitance, and calf muscle pump function. Blood volume was estimated by dye dilution. We found that calf circumference was reduced in low-flow POTS (32 ± 1 vs. 39 ± 3 and 43 ± 3 cm) and, compared with controls and POTS patients with normal blood flow, is related to the reduced fraction of calf venous capacity emptied during voluntary muscle contraction (ejection fraction, 0.52 ± 0.07 vs. 0.76 ± 0.07 and 0.80 ± 0.06). We found that blood flow was linearly correlated ( rp = 0.69) with calf circumference (used as a surrogate for muscle mass). Blood volume measurements were 2.2 ± 0.3 in low-flow POTS vs. 2.6 ± 0.5 in controls ( P = 0.17) and 2.4 ± 0.7 in normal-flow POTS patients. Decreased calf blood flow may reduce calf size in POTS and thereby impair the upright ejective ability of the skeletal muscle pump and further contribute to overall reduced blood flow and orthostatic intolerance in these patients.

Muscle pump does not enhance blood flow in exercising skeletal muscle

2003 ◽  
Vol 94 (1) ◽  
pp. 6-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jason J. Hamann ◽  
Zoran Valic ◽  
John B. Buckwalter ◽  
Philip S. Clifford
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Blood Flow ◽  
Vascular Tone ◽  
Venous Pressure ◽  
Adenosine Infusion ◽  
Arterial Infusion ◽  
Muscle Pump ◽  
Venous Circulation ◽  
Response To Exercise ◽  
Hyperemic Response

The muscle pump theory holds that contraction aids muscle perfusion by emptying the venous circulation, which lowers venous pressure during relaxation and increases the pressure gradient across the muscle. We reasoned that the influence of a reduction in venous pressure could be determined after maximal pharmacological vasodilation, in which the changes in vascular tone would be minimized. Mongrel dogs ( n = 7), instrumented for measurement of hindlimb blood flow, ran on a treadmill during continuous intra-arterial infusion of saline or adenosine (15–35 mg/min). Adenosine infusion was initiated at rest to achieve the highest blood flow possible. Peak hindlimb blood flow during exercise increased from baseline by 438 ± 34 ml/min under saline conditions but decreased by 27 ± 18 ml/min during adenosine infusion. The absence of an increase in blood flow in the vasodilated limb indicates that any change in venous pressure elicited by the muscle pump was not adequate to elevate hindlimb blood flow. The implication of this finding is that the hyperemic response to exercise is primarily attributable to vasodilation in the skeletal muscle vasculature.

Effect of circulating FFA on lactate production by skeletal muscle during stimulation

1975 ◽  
Vol 38 (5) ◽  
pp. 801-805 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. B. Dunn ◽  
J. B. Critz
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Skeletal Muscles ◽  
Muscle Blood Flow ◽  
Venous Blood ◽  
Lactate Production ◽  
Sodium Pentobarbital ◽  
Muscle Lactate ◽  
Albumin Infusion ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Arteriovenous Difference

The present experiments were undertaken to study the effects of FFA on lactate production by skeletal muscle during stimulation. In the first group, dogs were anesthetized with sodium pentobarbital and given no anticoagulant. The second group was also anesthetized with sodium pentobarbital but in addition given heparin and a fat-albumin infusion to elevate FFA. Stimulating the nerves to a group of skeletal muscles in the hindlimb (1.5/s) increased muscle blood flow 2.4-fold in both groups. In the first group stimulation did not alter the arteriovenous difference of lactate across the muscles. The difference was close to zero before and during stimulation. However in the second group, in which FFA were elevated, stimulation produced a large increase in muscle lactate production. In both groups there were no differences in the L/P ratio of muscle venous blood during stimulation. These results indicate that an increase in lactate production following muscle stimulation is not necessarily related to a state of tissue hypoxia.

ROLE OF THE SKELETAL MUSCLE PUMP DURING RECOVERY FROM EXERCISE 1023

1997 ◽  
Vol 29 (Supplement) ◽  
pp. 179
Author(s):  
R. Carter ◽  
D. E. Watenpaugh ◽  
W. L. Wasmund ◽  
S. L. Wasmund ◽  
M. L. Smith
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Muscle Pump ◽  
Skeletal Muscle Pump

Skeletal Muscle Pump vs. Respiratory Muscle Pump

2004 ◽  
Vol 36 (Supplement) ◽  
pp. S225
Author(s):  
Jordan D. Miller ◽  
David F. Pegelow ◽  
Jerome A. Dempsey
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Respiratory Muscle ◽  
Muscle Pump ◽  
Skeletal Muscle Pump

Interaction of O2 and CO2 in sustained exercise hyperemia of canine skeletal muscle

1975 ◽  
Vol 229 (1) ◽  
pp. 28-33 ◽  
Author(s):  
DF Stowe ◽  
TL Owen ◽  
DK Anderson ◽  
FJ Haddy ◽  
JB Scott
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Venous Blood ◽  
Heavy Exercise ◽  
Venous Outflow ◽  
Relative Contribution ◽  
Vasodilator Activity ◽  
Exercise Hyperemia ◽  
Arterial Inflow ◽  
Resting Muscle

The relative contribution of O2 and CO2 to the metabolic control of blood flow in long-term exercise was examined in the denervated gracilis muscle of the anesthetized dog. The data show that 1) on initiation of heavy exercise, the effluent blood PO2 and pH fall markedly and then rise slowly but remain depressed relative to control during 60 min of exercise hyperemia, while the initial increases in [K+] and osmolality rapidly approach and eventually reach preexercise levels. 2) The enhanced vasodilator activity of venous blood from exercising muscle is attenuated when effluent blood PO2 or pH is corrected to preexercise levels; it is completely abolished when both are corrected. 3) Induced reduction PO2 or pH in the arterial inflow, and thus venous outflow, of resting muscle produces a fall in resistance; simultaneous reductions of both to levels seen in heavy exercise produce a fall in resistance to near that observed during exercise. Since the enhanced vasodilator activity of venous blood from the contracting muscle was abolished by simultaneous correction of the PO2 and pH, it seems likely that these factors, acting directly or indirectly, are the principal chemicals responsible for the maintenance of the vasodilation seen in canine skeletal muscle during heavy exercise.

scholarly journals Enhanced muscle blood flow with intermittent pneumatic compression of the lower leg during plantar flexion exercise and recovery

2018 ◽  
Vol 124 (2) ◽  
pp. 302-311 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. A. Zuj ◽  
C. N. Prince ◽  
R. L. Hughson ◽  
S. D. Peterson
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Blood Flow ◽  
Exercise Performance ◽  
Muscle Blood Flow ◽  
Plantar Flexion ◽  
Intermittent Pneumatic Compression ◽  
Muscle Pump ◽  
Intermittent Compression ◽  
Postexercise Recovery ◽  
Plantar Flexion Exercise

This study tested the hypothesis that intermittent compression of the lower limb would increase blood flow during exercise and postexercise recovery. Data were collected from 12 healthy individuals (8 men) who performed 3 min of standing plantar flexion exercise. The following three conditions were tested: no applied compression (NoComp), compression during the exercise period only (ExComp), and compression during 2 min of standing postexercise recovery. Doppler ultrasound was used to determine superficial femoral artery (SFA) blood flow responses. Mean arterial pressure (MAP) and cardiac stroke volume (SV) were assessed using finger photoplethysmography, with vascular conductance (VC) calculated as VC = SFA flow/MAP. Compared with the NoComp condition, compression resulted in increased MAP during exercise [+3.5 ± 4.1 mmHg (mean ± SD)] but not during postexercise recovery (+1.6 ± 5.9 mmHg). SV increased with compression during both exercise (+4.8 ± 5.1 ml) and recovery (+8.0 ± 6.6 ml) compared with NoComp. There was a greater increase in SFA flow with compression during exercise (+52.1 ± 57.2 ml/min) and during recovery (+58.6 ± 56.7 ml/min). VC immediately following exercise was also significantly greater in the ExComp condition compared with the NoComp condition (+0.57 ± 0.42 ml·min−1·mmHg−1), suggesting the observed increase in blood flow during exercise was in part because of changes in VC. Results from this study support the hypothesis that intermittent compression applied during exercise and recovery from exercise results in increased limb blood flow, potentially contributing to changes in exercise performance and recovery. NEW & NOTEWORTHY Blood flow to working skeletal muscle is achieved in part through the rhythmic actions of the skeletal muscle pump. This study demonstrated that the application of intermittent pneumatic compression during the diastolic phase of the cardiac cycle, to mimic the mechanical actions of the muscle pump, accentuates muscle blood flow during exercise and elevates blood flow during the postexercise recovery period. Intermittent compression during and after exercise might have implications for exercise performance and recovery.

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