Inhibitory Glutamate Receptor Channels in Cultured Lobster Stomatogastric Neurons

1998 ◽  
Vol 79 (6) ◽  
pp. 3189-3196 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas A. Cleland ◽  
Allen I. Selverston
Keyword(s):  
Glutamate Receptor ◽  
Gaba Receptor ◽  
Kynurenic Acid ◽  
Channel Blocker ◽  
Spiny Lobster ◽  
Hill Coefficient ◽  
Chloride Channel Blocker ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Mean Variance ◽  
Muscular Tissues

Cleland, Thomas A. and Allen I. Selverston. Inhibitory glutamate receptor channels in cultured lobster stomatogastric neurons. J. Neurophysiol. 79: 3189–3196, 1998. Inhibitory glutamate receptor channels (IGluRs) are ligand-gated ionotropic receptors related to ionotropic γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) and glycine receptors and expressed in neural and muscular tissues. In the crustacean stomatogastric ganglion (STG), IGluRs mediate recurrent synaptic inhibition central to the rhythmogenic capabilities of its embedded neural circuits. IGluRs expressed in cultured spiny lobster STG neurons exhibited an EC50 of 1.2 mM and a Hill coefficient of 1.4. They were neither cross-activated nor cross-desensitized by GABA, although a distinct GABA-gated chloride current was observed. Glycine did not evoke any current from STG neurons. The IGluR was weakly blocked by the chloride channel blocker furosemide and the excitatory glutamate receptor antagonist6-cyano-7-nitroquinoxaline-2,3-dione (CNQX), but was not inhibited by bicuculline methiodide, strychnine, kynurenic acid,γ-d-glutamylglycine, or aspartate. Outside-out patch-clamp recordings were analyzed using the mean-variance histogram technique. Under excised-patch conditions, the receptor exhibited only a single open state with an estimated unitary conductance of 80 ± 8.6 (SD) pS. The distinct GABA receptor also displayed a single open state with a conductance of 72 ± 10 pS.

Comparison Between the Mean-Variance Optimal and the Mean-Quadratic-Variation Optimal Trading Strategies

2013 ◽  
Vol 20 (5) ◽  
pp. 415-449 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. T. Tse ◽  
P. A. Forsyth ◽  
J. S. Kennedy ◽  
H. Windcliff
Keyword(s):  
Quadratic Variation ◽  
Trading Strategies ◽  
Optimal Trading ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Mean Variance

Phenobarbitone modulation of postsynaptic GABA receptor function on cultured mammalian neurons

1979 ◽  
Vol 206 (1164) ◽  
pp. 319-327 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Time Constant ◽  
Gaba Receptor ◽  
Aminobutyric Acid ◽  
Current Fluctuations ◽  
Receptor Function ◽  
Spinal Neurons ◽  
Synaptic Currents ◽  
Open Time ◽  
Postsynaptic Action ◽  
The Mean

The anticonvulsant barbiturate phenobarbitone increases membrane current and conductance responses to γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) in cultured mouse spinal neurons. Analyses of GABA current fluctuations under control conditions and in the presence of phenobarbitone show that the principle action is to increase the average time during which GABA- activated channels remain open. The duration of miniature synaptic currents with a time constant of decay similar to the mean open-time of GABA-activated channels is prolonged by the drug. The results suggest that (1) the synaptic events are GABA-mediated and (2) the enhancement of these events by barbiturate is due to the postsynaptic action of the drug.

Interaction of triblock co-polymer micelles with phospholipid-bilayer: a spectroscopic investigation using a potential chloride channel blocker

2015 ◽  
Vol 17 (9) ◽  
pp. 6597-6605 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aniruddha Ganguly ◽  
Soumen Ghosh ◽  
Nikhil Guchhait
Keyword(s):  
Chloride Channel ◽  
Spectroscopic Investigation ◽  
Channel Blocker ◽  
Lipid Vesicles ◽  
Experimental Results ◽  
Phospholipid Bilayer ◽  
Polymer Micelles ◽  
Binding Interaction ◽  
Chloride Channel Blocker ◽  
Egg Pc

Experimental results reveal that addition of P123 to the drug-bound egg-PC vesicles results in a preferential complexation of the drug with the Pluronic leaving the lipid vesicles aside which indicates a substantially stronger binding interaction of the drug with P123 than that with egg-PC.

scholarly journals Analysis of stimulus-related activity in rat auditory cortex using complex spectral coefficients

2013 ◽  
Vol 110 (3) ◽  
pp. 621-639 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bryan M. Krause ◽  
Matthew I. Banks
Keyword(s):  
Low Frequency ◽  
Phase Changes ◽  
Induced Response ◽  
Top Down ◽  
Time Frequency ◽  
State Dependent ◽  
Spectral Coefficients ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Sensory Responses ◽  
Mean Variance

The neural mechanisms of sensory responses recorded from the scalp or cortical surface remain controversial. Evoked vs. induced response components (i.e., changes in mean vs. variance) are associated with bottom-up vs. top-down processing, but trial-by-trial response variability can confound this interpretation. Phase reset of ongoing oscillations has also been postulated to contribute to sensory responses. In this article, we present evidence that responses under passive listening conditions are dominated by variable evoked response components. We measured the mean, variance, and phase of complex time-frequency coefficients of epidurally recorded responses to acoustic stimuli in rats. During the stimulus, changes in mean, variance, and phase tended to co-occur. After the stimulus, there was a small, low-frequency offset response in the mean and modest, prolonged desynchronization in the alpha band. Simulations showed that trial-by-trial variability in the mean can account for most of the variance and phase changes observed during the stimulus. This variability was state dependent, with smallest variability during periods of greatest arousal. Our data suggest that cortical responses to auditory stimuli reflect variable inputs to the cortical network. These analyses suggest that caution should be exercised when interpreting variance and phase changes in terms of top-down cortical processing.

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