From “Hunger Hormone” to “It’s Complicated”: Ghrelin Beyond Feeding Control

Discovered as a peptide involved in releasing growth hormone, ghrelin was initially characterized as the “hunger hormone.” However, emerging research indicates that ghrelin appears to play an important part in relaying information regarding nutrient availability and value and adjusting physiological and motivational processes accordingly. These functions make ghrelin an interesting therapeutic candidate for metabolic and neuropsychiatric diseases involving disrupted nutrition that can further potentiate the rewarding effect of maladaptive behaviors.

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Nutritional and hormonal regulation of hepatic IGF-1 production in sheep and rats

Proceedings of the British Society of Animal Production (1972) ◽

10.1017/s0308229600025149 ◽

1993 ◽

Vol 1993 ◽

pp. 192-192

Author(s):

Q.J. Luo ◽

J.C. MacRae

Keyword(s):

Growth Hormone ◽

Growth Factor ◽

Nutrient Availability ◽

Hormonal Regulation ◽

Farm Animals ◽

Insulin Like Growth Factor ◽

Major Site ◽

Laboratory Rats ◽

Main Regulator ◽

Rates Of Growth

Circulating concentrations of insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) are closely related to the nutrition of animals and their rates of growth. The major site of IGF-1 production is thought to be the liver. Whilst growth hormone (GH) is thought to be the main regulator of IGF-1 production in farm animals, in laboratory rats, altering the GH status of the animal (without hyperphysectomy) has little influence on circulating IGF-1 levels. A series of studies have been conducted with primary cultured rat and sheep hepatocytes to investigate the influence of GH and nutrient availability on the production of IGF-1 by liver cells.

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Decision letter for "Neurochemical phenotype of growth hormone‐responsive cells in the mouse paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus"

10.1002/cne.25017/v2/decision1 ◽

2020 ◽

Keyword(s):

Growth Hormone ◽

Paraventricular Nucleus

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Association of pituitary adenoma with neuronal christoma: A TEM study

Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America ◽

10.1017/s042482010016889x ◽

1994 ◽

Vol 52 ◽

pp. 232-233

Author(s):

Eva Horvath ◽

Kalman Kovacs ◽

B. W. Scheithauer ◽

R. V. Lloyd ◽

H. S. Smyth

Keyword(s):

Growth Hormone ◽

Pituitary Adenoma ◽

Pituitary Tumor ◽

Nervous Tissue ◽

Alternative Explanation ◽

Growth Hormone Releasing Hormone ◽

Cell Hyperplasia ◽

Releasing Hormone ◽

Secretory Neurons

The association of a pituitary adenoma with nervous tissue consisting of neuron-like cells and neuropil is a rare abnormality. In the majority of cases, the pituitary tumor is a chromophobic adenoma, accompanied by acromegaly. Histology reveals widely variable proportions of endocrine and nervous tissue in alternating or intermingled patterns. The lesion is perceived as a composite one consisting of two histogenetically distinct parts. It has been suggested that the neuronal component, morphologically similar to secretory neurons of the hypothalamus, may initiate adenoma formation by releasing stimulatory substances. Immunoreactivity for growth hormone releasing hormone (GRH) in the neuronal component of some cases supported this view, whereas other findings such as consistent lack of growth hormone (GH) cell hyperplasia in the lesions called for alternative explanation.Fifteen tumors consisting of a pituitary adenoma and a neuronal component have been collected over a 20 yr. period. Acromegaly was present in 11 patients, was equivocal in one, and absent in 3.

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