scholarly journals Dermaseptins and Magainins: Antimicrobial Peptides from Frogs' Skin—New Sources for a Promising Spermicides Microbicides—A Mini Review

2009 ◽  
Vol 2009 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amira Zairi ◽  
Frédéric Tangy ◽  
Khaireddine Bouassida ◽  
Khaled Hani
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Peptides ◽  
Sexually Transmitted ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Causative Agents ◽  
Acquired Immunodeficiency ◽  
Topical Microbicides ◽  
The One ◽  
Immunodeficiency Syndrome ◽  
New Compounds ◽  
Self Protection

Sexually transmitted infections (STIs) and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), the causative agents of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS), are two great concerns in the reproductive health of women. Thus, the challenge is to find products with a double activity, on the one hand having antimicrobial/antiviral properties with a role in the reduction of STI, and on the other hand having spermicidal action to be used as a contraceptive. In the absence of an effective microbicide along with the disadvantages of the most commonly used spermicidal contraceptive worldwide, nonoxynol-9, new emphasis has been focused on the development of more potential intravaginal microbicidal agents. Topical microbicides spermicides would ideally provide a female-controlled method of self-protection against HIV as well as preventing pregnancies. Nonoxynol-9, the only recommended microbicide spermicide, damages cervicovaginal epithelium because of its membrane-disruptive properties. Clearly, there is an urgent need to identify new compounds with dual potential microbicidal properties; antimicrobial peptides should be candidates for such investigations. Dermaseptins and magainins are two classes of cationic, amphipathicα-helical peptides that have been identified in the skin extracts of frogsPhyllomedusa sauvageiandXenopus laevis. Regarding their contraceptive activities and their effect against various STI-causing pathogens, we believe that these two peptides are appropriate candidates in the evaluation of newer and safer microbicides spermicides in the future.

Changes in Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome-Related Risk Behavior After Adolescence: Relationships to Knowledge and Experience Concerning Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1992 ◽  
Vol 89 (5) ◽  
pp. 950-956
Author(s):  
Arlene Rubin Stiffman ◽  
Felton Earls ◽  
Peter Dore' ◽  
Renee Cunningham
Keyword(s):  
Risk Behaviors ◽  
Young Adulthood ◽  
Risk Level ◽  
Moderate Risk ◽  
Sexually Transmitted ◽  
Risk Levels ◽  
Related Risk ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Acquired Immunodeficiency ◽  
Immunodeficiency Syndrome

This paper explores the extent of change in acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) risk level and in the numbers of AIDS-related risk behaviors in 602 inner-city adolescents as they enter young adulthood. Youths' risk level for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection during adolescence was categorized as high (engaging in prostitution, male homosexual or bisexual activity, or injectable drug use or having ulcerative sexually transmitted diseases), moderate (having six or more sex partners in a 1-year period or nonulcerative sexually transmitted diseases), or low (none of the above). Although a proportion at high or moderate risk during adolescence did move to lower risk levels by young adulthood, the overall risk level stayed fairly stable: 45% were at high or moderate risk levels during adolescence, and 35% were at those levels by young adulthood. Then change in the total number of risk behaviors engaged in by the youths was examined. Knowledge about AIDS or HIV infection and its prevention was not associated with any change in risk behavior, nor were the number of sources of information about the epidemic, acquaintance with those who are infected, estimates of personal risk, or exposure to HIV-test counseling. In fact, youths whose risk behaviors increased the most were more likely to know someone who had died of AIDS and to estimate their own risk as high. Most youths reported that they did not use condoms regularly, disliked them, and had little confidence in their protective ability. Changes in preventive strategies and further research on the causes of behavior change are needed.

scholarly journals A SWOT Analysis of the Guidelines on Prevention of HIV/AIDS in Japan in the Context of COVID-19

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 949-956
Author(s):  
Kazuki Shimizu
Keyword(s):  
Swot Analysis ◽  
Asia Pacific ◽  
Sexually Transmitted ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
High Risk Populations ◽  
Acquired Immunodeficiency ◽  
Immunodeficiency Syndrome ◽  
Exposure Prophylaxis ◽  
Prevention Of Hiv ◽  
Hiv Aids

In January 2018, the Minister of Health, Labour and Welfare, Japan, released an amended Guideline on the Prevention of Specified Infectious Diseases on Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS) to propose measures to control the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)/AIDS. Content analysis was performed to examine the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats of the guidelines in the context of the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic, thus aiming to promote discussions on the guideline itself and the national HIV/AIDS strategy in Japan in the years ahead. The strengths included the incorporation of the latest scientific advancements, clarification of high-risk populations, an alignment with measures against sexually transmitted diseases (STDs), and willingness towards international cooperation in the Asia-Pacific region. The weaknesses that were exposed included a lack of explicit targets for controlling and containing HIV/AIDS, insufficient descriptions about pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP), and aggregated discussions on HIV/AIDS among foreign residents. Although several opportunities for re-energizing the discussions around HIV/AIDS were recognized, insufficient political will and funding, along with the emergence of the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic, could operate as threats. Addressing barriers that were recognized before 2019 and exposed due to the COVID-19 pandemic, and tackling underlying health inequalities through the concept of social determinants of health will be critical.

Tingkat Pengetahuan Mahasiswa Tentang Hiv/Aids Di Akademi Kebidanan Sandi Karsa Makassar

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
Nur Syamsi NL
Keyword(s):  
Human Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Acquired Immunodeficiency ◽  
Immunodeficiency Syndrome ◽  
Hiv Aids

AIDS (Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome) adalah syndrom yang timbul akibat adanya virus HIV (Human Immunodeficiency Virus) yang menyerang sistem kekebalan tubuh manusia. HIV/AIDS dapat menular melalui darah, sperma, cairan vagina, dan ASI (Air Susu Ibu). Penelitian ini dilakukan di Akademi Kebidanan Sandi Karsa Makassar yang terletak di jalan Bung lorong 2, Kelurahan Tamalanrea, Kecamatan Tamalanrea Jaya, Makassar. Jenis penelitian yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini bersifat deskriptif. Besarnya sampel yang digunakan adalah 30 responden dari 600 populasi yang dipilih secara Total Sampling. Di mana dalam pengambilan data digunakan instrumen berupa kuesioner yang dibagikan kepada responden. Dari keseluruhan responden didapatkan tingkat pengetahuan mahasiswa Akademi Kebidanan Sandi Karsa Makassar yang diteliti didapat 15 mahasiswa (50%) yang tingkat pengetahuan baik tentang HIV/AIDS dan terdapat 14 mahasiswa (46,7%) yang tingkat pengetahuan cukup tentang HIV/AID dan terdapat 1 mahasiswa (3,3%) yang tingkat pengetahuan kurang tentang HIV/AIDS

Bacillary Angiomatosis: A Unique Cutaneous Complication of Hiv Infection

1995 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Joan Lipa ◽  
Walter Peters ◽  
Victor Fornasier ◽  
Benjamin Fisher
Keyword(s):  
Hiv Infection ◽  
Definitive Diagnosis ◽  
Causal Organism ◽  
Bacillary Angiomatosis ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Confirmatory Tests ◽  
Nodular Lesions ◽  
Acquired Immunodeficiency ◽  
Immunodeficiency Syndrome ◽  
Erythromycin Therapy

As the prevalence of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection increases, so does the recognition of unusual manifestations of this syndrome. This study describes two patients who presented with a unique, rare, cutaneous manifestion of HIV infection. One patient developed an aggressive atypical cellulitis and ascending lymphangitis of the hand, which failed to improve following multiple courses of several different antibiotics. The other patient presented with multiple, vascular, nodular lesions, clinically resembling Kaposi's sarcoma. Routine biopsies and wound cultures were not helpful for diagnosis. A definitive diagnosis of bacillary angiomatosis (BA) was made using a special silver-staining (Warthin-Starry) histological technique and electron microscopy. Both patients responded completely to oral erythromycin therapy. BA is a newly recognized bacterial infection caused by bacteria of the genus Bartonella. It is seen primarily in patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS), and less commonly in patients with other immunosuppressed conditions. The term BA describes the lesion's pathogenesis (infective-bacillary) and clinico-histology (angiomatosis). The causal organism cannot be cultured reliably and is resistant to most antibiotics. This study reviews these two patients, the differential diagnosis of BA, specific confirmatory tests used in diagnosis, and the treatment outcome of this condition. It is important for the plastic surgeon to understand BA, because it can resemble other common presentations, but it can also be associated with internal involvement leading to mortality. However, when recognized, it can usually be cured by oral erythromycin therapy (500 mg qid) for several weeks.

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