scholarly journals Observations on Forced Colony Emigration inParachartergus fraternus(Hymenoptera: Vespidae: Epiponini): New Nest Site Marked with Sprayed Venom

2011 ◽  
Vol 2011 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sidnei Mateus
Keyword(s):  
Nest Site ◽  
Dufour's Gland ◽  
Chemical Cue ◽  
Odor Trail ◽  
End Point ◽  
Behavioral Tasks ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Diffuse Cloud ◽  
Nesting Place ◽  
Dufour's Gland Secretions

Five cases of colony emigration induced by removal of nest envelope and combs and a single one by manipulation are described. The disturbance was followed by defensive patterns, buzz running, and adult dispersion. An odor trail created by abdomen dragging, probably depositing venom or Dufour's gland secretions, connected the original nest to the newly selected nesting place and guided the emigration. The substrate of the selected nesting place is intensely sprayed with venom prior to emigration, and this chemical cue marked the emigration end point. The colony moves to the new site in a diffuse cloud with no temporary clusters formed along the odor trail. At the original nest, scouts performed rapid gaster dragging and intense mouth contacts stimulating inactive individuals to depart. Males were unable to follow the swarm. Individual scouts switched between different behavioral tasks before and after colony emigration. Pulp collected from the old nest was reused at the new nest site.

Nest-site preference and reproductive performance of Song Sparrows (Melospiza melodia) in historically extant and colonist shrub species

2017 ◽  
Vol 95 (2) ◽  
pp. 115-121 ◽  
Author(s):  
M.D. Crombie ◽  
R.R. Germain ◽  
P. Arcese
Keyword(s):  
Reproductive Performance ◽  
Nest Site ◽  
Melospiza Melodia ◽  
Site Preference ◽  
Shrub Species ◽  
Species Origin ◽  
Song Sparrows ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Rubus Armeniacus ◽  
Vegetation Surveys

Many studies report mixed results on the influence of invasive plants on native animals, partly due to uncertainties about habitat preference and reproductive performance in native animals before and after plant invasion. We used vegetation surveys 20 years apart and 18 years of breeding data from Song Sparrows (Melospiza melodia (A. Wilson, 1810)) to compare nest-site preference and reproductive performance during the colonization of Mandarte Island, British Columbia, by one shrub species native to the region but historically absent from the island (red elderberry, Sambucus racemosa L.) and another species that is exotic to North America (Himalayan blackberry, Rubus armeniacus Focke = Rubus bifrons Vest). Nest-site preference declined where red elderberry increased but was unrelated to change in the cover of Himalayan blackberry. Song Sparrows nested in trailing blackberry (Rubus ursinus Cham. and Schltdl.) and its exotic congener Himalayan blackberry in preference to two common shrubs native to Mandarte Island (Nootka rose, Rosa nutkana C. Presl; snowberry, Symphoricarpos albus (L.) S.F. Blake) and built just 1 of 1051 nests in red elderberry. In contrast, reproductive performance was similar in all shrub species used regularly as nest substrates. Our results show that Song Sparrow nest-site preference and reproductive performance were independent of plant species origin.

Species, individual and kin specific blends in Dufour's gland secretions of halictine bees

1986 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 197-208 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abraham Hefetz ◽  
Gunnar Bergstr�m ◽  
Jan Teng�
Keyword(s):  
Dufour's Gland ◽  
Dufour’S Gland ◽  
Halictine Bees ◽  
Dufour's Gland Secretions

scholarly journals Efficacy and Safety of Indomethacin in Covid -19 patients

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rajan Ravichandran ◽  
Prassana Purna ◽  
Sivakumar Vijayaragavan ◽  
Ravi Teja Kalavakollu ◽  
Shilpa Gaidhane ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Ventilation ◽  
Standard Care ◽  
Symptomatic Relief ◽  
Blood Chemistry ◽  
Standard Protocol ◽  
Efficacy And Safety ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
Supplementary Oxygen ◽  
End Point ◽  
Before And After

Abstract Background Indomethacin, a well-known non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID), has in addition broad spectrum anti-viral activity in the laboratory including on SARS-Cov-2 virus. This trial is to observe the likelihood of efficacy and safety of Indomethacin in treating RT-PCR positive Covid patients Materials and Methods The study was done in two groups. In the first group of the study, where mild and moderate patients were involved, Propensity Score Matching was used as a methodology to compare Indomethacin and paracetamol based treatments in addition to the standard protocol for treating covid-19 patients.. Blood chemistry was collected before and after the treatment. The patients were monitored every day for clinical parameters. In this part, a patient developing hypoxia was the end point. In the second group, severe patients admitted with hypoxia were treated with Indomethacin in addition to Remdesivir, and the end point was the requirement of mechanical ventilation/admission to ICU. Results It was observed that patients treated with Indomethacin had a reduction in the number of days to become afebrile, reduction in cough and myalgia by half compared to the paracetamol set. Only one out of 72 patients in the Indomethacin arm of the first group required supplementary oxygen while 28 of the 72 patients required supplementary oxygen in the paracetamol arm. No one in the second group deteriorated enough to require mechanical ventilation. There wea no evidence of adverse reaction to indomethacin or deterioration of renal or liver function. Conclusion Indomethacin, along with standard care, seems to provide faster symptomatic relief and prevent progression of pneumonia in Covid-19 patients. It should be considered to replace paracetamol when there is no contraindication for its use.

SEASONAL AND DIURNAL FLIGHT ACTIVITY OF MALE EUCOSMA GLORIOLA (LEPIDOPTERA: TORTRICIDAE)

1998 ◽  
Vol 130 (3) ◽  
pp. 377-381 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter De Groot ◽  
Gary G. Grant ◽  
Reginald W. Nott ◽  
Dorothy R. Langevin
Keyword(s):  
Pinus Banksiana ◽  
Pheromone Trap ◽  
Jack Pine ◽  
Host Tree ◽  
Pheromone Traps ◽  
Chemical Cue ◽  
Trap Catch ◽  
Baited Traps ◽  
Pine Pollen ◽  
Before And After

AbstractMales of Eucosma gloriola Heinrich (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) were caught in pheromone traps for about 5 weeks from 17 May to 21 June in 1996 in three 6-year-old plantations of jack pine, Pinus banksiana Lamb. (Pinaceae), located near Ramsey, Ontario. Peak flight occurred during the first week of June. Pheromone trap catch was greatest about 1 h before and after sunset (2130 hours EDT). Moth flight began when all jack pine pollen cones and vegetative shoots were still under bud scales, and when flights were nearly completed the pollen cones had completed shedding pollen and needle pairs were visible on the new shoots. Pheromone traps placed near the top of trees caught the most males, suggesting that males search for females at tree-top level and that some visual or chemical cue(s) of the host tree may enhance the response of males to pheromone-baited traps.

Availability of nest sites does not limit population size of southern flying squirrels

2000 ◽  
Vol 78 (7) ◽  
pp. 1144-1149 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthew J Brady ◽  
Thomas S Risch ◽  
F Stephen Dobson
Keyword(s):  
South Carolina ◽  
Population Size ◽  
Nest Site ◽  
Nest Density ◽  
Glaucomys Volans ◽  
Flying Squirrels ◽  
Nest Sites ◽  
Nest Boxes ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Population Sizes

Among factors that may limit population size, nest site is generally considered important for cavity-nesting species. We tested the hypothesis that nest-site availability limits population size in the southern flying squirrel (Glaucomys volans) by examining the effect of experimentally increasing the number of nest sites. We compared population sizes before and after adding 100 nest boxes (high-quality nests, increasing overall nest density by at least about 65%) on each of three experimental sites on the Savannah River Site in South Carolina. We also compared the experimental populations with three reference (unmanipulated) sites in a paired-block experimental design. All six populations were similarly monitored with livetrapping grids, and flying squirrels readily nested in the supplemental boxes. We predicted that population size would increase where nest sites were added. No increases in population size were observed after nest boxes were added to the three experimental sites, however, nor were populations higher on the experimental sites than on the reference sites. The lack of increase in population size after nest boxes were added demonstrates that the availability of nest sites was not limiting the size of these populations.

Chemistry of the Dufour's gland secretions of North American andrenid bees (Hymenoptera: Andrenidae)

1981 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 453-463 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Fernandes ◽  
R. M. Duffield ◽  
J. W. Wheeler ◽  
W. E. LaBerge
Keyword(s):  
North American ◽  
Dufour's Gland ◽  
Dufour’S Gland ◽  
Dufour's Gland Secretions
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