scholarly journals Monitoring Spruce Budworm with Light Traps: The Effect of Trap Position

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marc Rhainds ◽  
Edward G. Kettela
Keyword(s):  
New Brunswick ◽  
Choristoneura Fumiferana ◽  
Spruce Budworm ◽  
Flight Period ◽  
Light Traps ◽  
Tree Canopies ◽  
Trap Location ◽  
Median Date ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
Highly Correlated

Daily records of adult spruce budworms,Choristoneura fumiferana(Clemens) (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae), captured at light traps at multiple locations in New Brunswick in the 1970s, are analyzed in relation to the physical position of light traps (tree canopies or forest clearings). Captures at light traps deployed in tree canopies were 4–400 times greater than those in forest clearings, especially for males. The phenology of captures (median date or duration of flight period) did not differ in relation to trap location. Captures of both males and females in tree canopies were highly correlated with egg densities, whereas no significant relationship was observed for either sex in forest clearings. Monitoring programs for spruce budworm adults using light traps should be standardized by deploying traps in tree canopies.

ESTIMATED EGG DEPOSITION BY INVADING SPRUCE BUDWORM MOTHS (LEPIDOPTERA: TORTRICIDAE)

1978 ◽  
Vol 110 (6) ◽  
pp. 609-615 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. A. Miller ◽  
D. O. Greenbank ◽  
E. G. Kettela
Keyword(s):  
New Brunswick ◽  
Larval Stage ◽  
Choristoneura Fumiferana ◽  
Spruce Budworm ◽  
Light Traps ◽  
Minimum Level ◽  
Egg Deposition ◽  
Baited Traps ◽  
The Impact

AbstractA 4000-ha block of spruce budworm, Choristoneura fumiferana (Clem.), infested forest in western New Brunswick was sprayed repeatedly in 1975 during the larval stage of budworm development. The objective was to reduce the population of the 1975 generation to a minimum level so that most of the following generation eggs found on the block could be attributed to invading females, thus providing data on the impact of moth invasion.The presence of dispersing adults in the airspace over the block was monitored by a ground-based radar unit while light traps and pheromone-baited traps were used to confirm that invasion had taken place. A total egg population of 33.8 masses per m2 of foliage was found on the block and indirect estimates suggest that invading females deposited about 10 of these masses.

The Interaction of the Spruce Budworm, Choristoneura fumiferana (Clem.), and the Parasite Glypta fumiferanae (Vier.)

1960 ◽  
Vol 92 (11) ◽  
pp. 839-850 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. A. Miller
Keyword(s):  
New Brunswick ◽  
Choristoneura Fumiferana ◽  
Adult Emergence ◽  
Spruce Budworm ◽  
Actual Number ◽  
Emergence Period ◽  
Realistic Estimate ◽  
Host Generation

This is the second of a series of papers (Miller, 1959) describing the interaction of primary parasites and the spruce budworm, Choristoneura fumiferana (Clem.), based on data collected during an outbreak of the budworm in northern New Brunswick during the period 1947–1958. The first paper showed that the interaction between the spruce budworm and Apanteles fumiferanae Vier. is adequately described by the general mathematicai model developed by Watt (1959). The data on the parasite Glypta fumiferanae (Vier.) to be presented in this paper are also analysed by means of Watt's model and consequently the method is essentially the same. There is, however, one important difference. In the case of A. fumiferanae, the estimated number of adult parasites was only an index based on the potential number emerging from the previous host generation. The observed density of G. fumiferanae is a more realistic estimate. It is based on the actual number of cocoons found on the foliage during the adult emergence period.

Evidence of DDT Resistance in Populations of Spruce Budworm, Choristoneura fumiferana (Clem.), From DDT-sprayed Areas of New Brunswick

1965 ◽  
Vol 97 (12) ◽  
pp. 1281-1293 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. P. Randall
Keyword(s):  
New Brunswick ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Choristoneura Fumiferana ◽  
Spruce Budworm ◽  
Data Interpretation ◽  
Fuel Oil ◽  
Susceptible Population ◽  
Mortality Curve ◽  
Progressive Development ◽  
Ddt Resistance

AbstractA series of laboratory toxicological experiments using various concentrations of oil formulated DDT solutions (AR-50/fuel oil (2:7 V/V)) was carried out on 5th and 6th instar spruce budworm larvae collected in the field from DDT-sprayed and untreated areas of New Brunswick, Canada, and Maine, U.S.A.Results obtained in 1959, 1961, and 1962 with larvae collected from isolated, unsprayed areas in New Brunswick showed a consistent, straight log-dosage probit mortality curve. Larvae collected in 1962 and 1963 from infestation centres previously subjected to three, four, and five applications of non-consecutive large-scale aerial sprays of DDT showed a significant departure from the straight log-dosage probit curve previously obtained. The departure occurs as a change in the shape of the curve as well as a shift to the higher concentration range of DDT. The magnitude of change appears to be correlated with the number of sprays to which the population was exposed. Results obtained in 1962 and 1963, from untreated control and inter-spray areas, bounded by DDT-sprayed forest lands, showed a small but significant departure from the normal straight probit line of a susceptible population. These changes are indicative of a progressive development of DDT resistance in wild populations of spruce budworm.Studies on the effect of the tolerance of spruce budworm larvae within instar classes to the action of DDT showed that the early phase of instar development immediately after moulting is more susceptible to the action of DDT, whereas the latter phase of instar development immediately prior to moulting is more tolerant to topical application of DDT than the average for the instar. This effect is evident in both susceptible and resistant populations.The data interpretation assumes that a deviation from the straight line probit dosage – mortality curve is indicative of a difference in the DDT-susceptibility factor of the budworm population and that in the course of the tests, the amount of toxicant causing mortality was not proportional to the dosage.

Biological Consequences in Streams of Aerial Spraying with Fenitrothion Against Spruce Budworm in New Brunswick

1975 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 84-88 ◽  
Author(s):  
H.A. Hall ◽  
D.C. Eidt ◽  
P.E.K. Symons ◽  
D. Banks
Keyword(s):  
New Brunswick ◽  
Forest Cover ◽  
Choristoneura Fumiferana ◽  
Spruce Budworm ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Early Summer ◽  
Fish Biomass ◽  
Organophosphate Insecticide ◽  
Fish Food

Abstract The effects of the organophosphate insecticide fenitrothion in streams in New Brunswick from operational spraying against spruce budworm larvae, Choristoneura fumiferana (Clem.), have been investigated for four years. A number of streams have been studied and several agencies have documented insecticide concentrations in streams, effects of the insecticide on benthos drift and mortality, changes in benthos standing crop, and changes in fish populations, biomass, and growth. The concentration of fenitrothion found in streams immediately following forest spraying by aircraft varies greatly and is influenced by spray regime, weather conditions, forest cover, and water depth. At application rates of 210 g/ha or two applications of 140 g/ha, fenitrothion concentrations in streams with one exception were less than 15 ppb. Concentrations in streams usually peaked within the first hour following spray application and diminished to less than 1.0 ppb within 24 to 48 hrs. Insecticide applications at 210 g/ha have resulted in measurable concentrations of fenitrothion in streams as far as 4.0 km from the area of application. Using nets, sharply increased numbers of drifting Ephemeroptera and Plecoptera were measured in several streams that had peak fenitrothion concentrations up to 7 .6 ppb, following operational sprays over all or part of the drainage basins. Benthic sampling in one stream sprayed with fenitrothion in 1971, 1972, and 1973, but not in 1974, indicated a substantial decline in benthos between 1971 and 1972, and that recovery had not occurred by 1974. Kill of arthropods in another stream, containing a peak fenitrothion concentration of 6.38 ppb, was measured using drift nets. The stoneflies Leuctra spp. , Amphinemoura spp., and the mayflies, Baetis spp. were most strongly affected, although benthos sampling did not indicate a decline in numbers. Field studies in three sprayed streams suggested that early summer increases in fish biomass may be slowed by the spray program. In field and laboratory experiments, extreme doses were necessary to affect fish behaviour and survival. Evidence indicates that at worst the forest spray program in New Brunswick may sometimes reduce normal summer increases in fish biomass through a reduction in fish-food organisms. It is concluded that in streams the consequences of spruce budworm spraying with fenitrothion by the methods and rates studied in New Brunswick are environmentally tolerable.

Windthrow and growth response following a spruce budworm inspired, variable retention harvest in New Brunswick, Canada

2015 ◽  
Vol 45 (6) ◽  
pp. 659-666 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edward A. Wilson ◽  
David A. MacLean
Keyword(s):  
New Brunswick ◽  
Growth Response ◽  
Choristoneura Fumiferana ◽  
Abies Balsamea ◽  
Natural Disturbance ◽  
Spruce Budworm ◽  
Balsam Fir ◽  
Growth Release ◽  
Variable Retention ◽  
Variable Retention Harvest

Forest management regimes increasingly focus on the emulation of natural disturbance events, e.g., fire or insect outbreaks, to help increase ecosystem sustainability. We determined the residual stand response to a variable retention harvest inspired by spruce budworm (Choristoneura fumiferana (Clemens)) outbreaks in New Brunswick, Canada. Our objectives were to analyze the differences between surviving residual trees and those that succumbed to windthrow and to quantify growth release. The treatment was based on harvesting the estimated spruce budworm outbreak mortality, i.e., 90% of mature balsam fir (Abies balsamea (L.) Mill., 60% of mature spruce (Picea spp.), and no hardwoods. Windthrow increased with the proportion of trees harvested and averaged 52% over 7–9 years in these stands with high balsam fir – spruce content. One-third of 42 harvested plots sustained >30% windthrow, whereas 73% of 11 similar unharvested plots had <10% windthrow. Balsam fir had higher windthrow than spruce at 53% and 41%, respectively. Windthrown balsam fir trees had significantly larger diameters at breast height (DBH, 1.3 m), larger heights, and smaller crown ratios than surviving residual trees. Substantial growth release occurred, with DBH increment of residual trees 48%–64% greater than trees in unharvested plots. Balsam fir and intolerant hardwoods exhibited the largest growth response. We suggest that future spruce budworm inspired harvests in stands with high balsam fir – spruce content use two or three entries about 5 years apart to reduce windthrow.

THE ROLE OF CLIMATE AND DISPERSAL IN THE INITIATION OF OUTBREAKS OF THE SPRUCE BUDWORM IN NEW BRUNSWICK: II. THE ROLE OF DISPERSAL

1957 ◽  
Vol 35 (3) ◽  
pp. 385-403 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. O. Greenbank
Keyword(s):  
New Brunswick ◽  
Larval Dispersal ◽  
Spruce Budworm ◽  
Weather Data ◽  
Light Traps ◽  
The West ◽  
Effective Agent ◽  
History Of ◽  
Present Part

In Part I of this paper consideration was given to the role of climate in the initiation of outbreaks of the spruce budworm in New Brunswick. Analysis of the available weather data showed that the 1912 and 1949 outbreaks developed after several consecutive dry summers. Support was given to the theory of climatic release, which explains the time and place of outbreaks on a climatic basis. However, the recorded history of the spruce budworm also shows that high populations appeared in New Brunswick shortly after "spreading" through Quebec, and this suggests that the New Brunswick outbreaks are also a continuation of this spread. In the present part of the paper consideration is given to the role of dispersal. Moth dispersal is a more effective agent of spread than larval dispersal. Moths may be transported by convectional and turbulent air currents for long distances. Light traps used to detect the incidence of moth movements, showed that large segments of a population may be transferred from one area to another. Unspent females often predominate in these movements. Moth invasion was not detected before the 1949 outbreak although there is evidence from other sources that it occurred in 1948. When deposited in dense, mature, softwood stands, the moths can create outbreaks, but when deposited in young, open, or mixed-wood stands the ensuing high populations soon decline unless bolstered by repeated invasions. Populations in New Brunswick showed gradual and general increases as early as 1947. It is thought probable that these increases resulted from the build-up of local populations through climatic release. The nearest highly-populated centers were over 100 miles to the west in 1947. Later, invasion of moths from centers outside of the Province may have hastened the process.

AN APPROACH TO MEASURING CHANGES IN THE REPRODUCTION OF SPRUCE BUDWORM (LEPIDOPTERA: TORTRICIDAE) FIELD POPULATIONS FROM SURVEY DATA

1979 ◽  
Vol 111 (3) ◽  
pp. 309-316 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. A. Miller
Keyword(s):  
New Brunswick ◽  
Survey Data ◽  
Positive Relationship ◽  
Choristoneura Fumiferana ◽  
Spruce Budworm ◽  
Storm Tracks ◽  
Sample Points

AbstractSurvey counts of spruce budworm, Choristoneura fumiferana (Clem.), female pupae, and eggs recorded annually at about 1000 sample points in New Brunswick from 1960 to 1975 provided ratios of eggs to females (E/F ratios) which are a measure of apparent reproduction. The 10-fold variation in the ratios was inversely associated with the frequency of July storm tracks. A positive relationship between E/F ratios and changes in the area of the budworm infestation in the province was also shown.

THE MATING STATUS OF FIELD-COLLECTED MALE SPRUCE BUDWORM, CHORISTONEURA FUMIFERANA (CLEM.) (LEPIDOPTERA: TORTRICIDAE), IN RELATION TO TRAP LOCATION, SAMPLING METHOD, SAMPLING DATE, AND ADULT EMERGENCE

1988 ◽  
Vol 120 (8-9) ◽  
pp. 821-830 ◽  
Author(s):  
J.C. Bergh ◽  
E.S. Eveleigh ◽  
W.D. Seabrook
Keyword(s):  
Sampling Method ◽  
Choristoneura Fumiferana ◽  
Adult Emergence ◽  
Spruce Budworm ◽  
Mate Location ◽  
Mating Status ◽  
Baited Traps ◽  
Trap Location ◽  
Flight Season

AbstractMale spruce budworm moths, Choristoneura fumiferana (Clem.), were captured in 1986 and 1987 and the proportion recently mated was determined for each sample. Mating status was examined in relation to trap location, sampling method, sampling date, and adult emergence. On a given day the proportion of recently mated males captured was similar among pheromone-baited traps both within and among test sites. The number of males trapped increased with increasing trap elevation, although there was no difference in the proportion of mated males at each elevation. Males exhibiting “mate-location behaviour” were captured individually with an insect net and were found to be mated in the same proportion as those caught in pheromone-baited traps. The proportion of recently mated males trapped tended to increase during the early part of the flight season, to fluctuate during the middle portion, and then to decline toward the end of the season. This pattern was due, in part, to adult emergence trends.

NOTES ON THE EFFECTS OF PHYSICAL FACTORS ON THE SPRUCE BUDWORM, CHORISTONEURA FUMIFERANA (CLEM.)

1947 ◽  
Vol 79 (11-12) ◽  
pp. 195-195 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. G. Wellington ◽  
W. R. Henson
Keyword(s):  
Light Intensity ◽  
Choristoneura Fumiferana ◽  
Spruce Budworm ◽  
The Other ◽  
Negative Response ◽  
Physical Factors ◽  
Light Traps ◽  
Compass Orientation ◽  
Orderly Transition

Concerning the light reactions of the adults, it may be noted that males are photopositive when in a dark-adapted state, but they rapidly become adapted to any light intensity and become extremely sluggish. Females in the dark-adapted state exbihit either photonegative behaviour or compassing behaviour, with no evidence that there is any orderly transition from one type of behaviour to the other. Light-compass orientation of flying females makes it possible to collect some at light traps, despite their normally negative response.

ELECTROANTENNOGRAMS FROM SPRUCE BUDWORM MOTHS (CHORISTONEURA FUMIFERANA) (LEPIDOPTERA: TORTRICIDAE) OF DIFFERENT AGES AND FOR VARIOUS PHEROMONE CONCENTRATIONS

1979 ◽  
Vol 111 (7) ◽  
pp. 807-816 ◽  
Author(s):  
R.J. Ross ◽  
P. Palaniswamy ◽  
W.D. Seabrook
Keyword(s):  
Sex Pheromone ◽  
Choristoneura Fumiferana ◽  
Spruce Budworm ◽  
Response Curves ◽  
Peak Response ◽  
Antennal Response ◽  
Pheromone Reception ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
Regular Increase ◽  
Source Concentration

AbstractAn electroantennogram (EAG) technique, which indicates electrochemical activity in a whole antenna, was used to study sex pheromone reception in spruce budworm moth antennae. For both males and females the EAG exhibited a phasic depolarization, reaching maximum near the end of a puff stimulation, followed immediately by repolarization which was prolonged by increasing amounts as the source concentration of the pheromone was increased. The dose–response curves for both sexes were sigmoid in shape, but they indicated that female antennae have a higher threshold and a lower peak response than that of males. Antennal response changed with age, being a regular increase and decrease for females and irregular for males.

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