A Rapid Extractive Spectrophotometric Method for the Determination of Tin with 6-Chloro-3-hydroxy-2-(2′-thienyl)-4-oxo-4H-1-benzopyran

An extractive spectrophotometric method for the determination of the trace amounts of tin has been carried out by employing 6-chloro-3-hydroxy-2-(2′-thienyl)-4-oxo-4H-1-benzopyran (in acetone) (CHTB) for the complexation of the metal ion in HCl medium. The colored species thus produced is quantitatively extracted into dichloromethane and shows the maximum absorbance at 432–437 nm. The method obeys Beer’s law in the range 0.0–1.3 μg mL−1 of tin with molar absorptivity and Sandell’s sensitivity of 5.81×104 L mol−1 cm−1 and 0.0020 μg Sn cm−2, respectively, at 435 nm. The method is highly selective and free from the interference of a large number of elements including platinum metals. The ratio of metal to ligand in the extracted species is 1 : 2. Utilizing this method, the analysis of various synthetic and technical samples including gun metal and tin can have been carried out satisfactorily.

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UV Spectrophotometric Estimation of Acipimox inBulk and Capsule Dosage Form

E-Journal of Chemistry ◽

10.1155/2009/790531 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 6 (4) ◽

pp. 1117-1120 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

A. Elphine Prabahar ◽

B. Thangabalan ◽

R. Kalaichelvi ◽

P. Vijayaraj Kumar

Keyword(s):

Correlation Coefficient ◽

Spectrophotometric Method ◽

Dosage Form ◽

Ultra Violet ◽

Molar Absorptivity ◽

Distilled Water ◽

Maximum Absorbance ◽

Beer's Law ◽

Beer’S Law

A new simple, rapid, accurate, sensitive and precise spectrophotometric method in ultra violet region has been developed for determination of acipimox (ACX) in bulk and capsule dosage form. Acipimox exhibited maximum absorbance at 231 nm with apparent molar absorptivity of 1.5104 × 104in distilled water. Beer’s law was found to be obeyed in the concentration range 1-10 μg mL-1. Correlation coefficient was found to be 0.9998. The developed method was validated respect to linearity, precision, accuracy. The proposed method is useful for the routine estimation of ACX in bulk and capsule dosage form.

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Development of Method for Extractive Spectrophotometric Determination of Fe(III) with 2-Hydroxy-1-Naphthalene Carboxaldehyde Phenyl Hydrazone as an Analytical Reagent

International Letters of Chemistry Physics and Astronomy ◽

10.18052/www.scipress.com/ilcpa.14.7 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 14 ◽

pp. 7-12

Author(s):

Ratnamala P. Sonawane ◽

R.S. Lokhande ◽

Utkarsha M. Chavan

Keyword(s):

Ethyl Acetate ◽

Spectrophotometric Determination ◽

Spectrophotometric Method ◽

Molar Absorptivity ◽

Beer's Law ◽

Beer’S Law ◽

Coloured Complex ◽

Analytical Reagent

A spectrophotometric method has been developed for the determination of Fe(III) using 2-Hydroxy-1-Naphthalene carboxaldehyde phenyl hydrazone as an extractive reagent. The reagent forms a coloured complex, which has been quantitatively extracted into ethyl acetate at pH 6. The method obeys Beer’s law over arrange from 1 to 7 ppm. The Molar absorptivity and Sandell’s sensitivity were 0.31 × 104 L mol-1cm-1 and 0.13 μg cm-2 respectively. The proposed method is very sensitive and selective. The method has been successfully applied to synthetic and commercial samples.

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2-Hydroxy-1-naphthaldehyde-P-hydroxybenzoichydrazone: A New Chromogenic Reagent for the Determination of Thorium(IV) and Uranium(VI)

Journal of Chemistry ◽

10.1155/2013/697379 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 2013 ◽

pp. 1-10 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

V. S. Anasuya Devi ◽

V. Krishna Reddy

Keyword(s):

Detection Limit ◽

Simultaneous Determination ◽

Uranium Content ◽

Molar Absorptivity ◽

Spectrophotometric Methods ◽

Maximum Absorbance ◽

Highly Sensitive ◽

Beer's Law ◽

Beer’S Law

Simple, sensitive, selective, direct, derivative, and simultaneous spectrophotometric methods are developed for the determination of uranium and thorium individually and simultaneously. The methods are based on the reaction of 2-hydroxy-1-naphthaldehyde-p-hydroxybenzoichydrazone (HNAHBH) with thorium(IV) and uranium(VI). HNAHBH reacts with thorium and uranium at pH 6.0 forming stable yellow and reddish brown coloured complexes, respectively. [Th(IV)-HNAHBH] complex shows maximum absorbance at 415 nm. Beer’s law is obeyed over the concentration range 0.464–6.961 μg mL−1with a detection limit of 0.01 μg mL−1and molar absorptivity,ε, 3.5 × 104 L mol−1 cm−1. Maximum absorbance shown by [U(VI)-HNAHBH] complex is at 410 nm with Beer’s law range 0.476–7.140 μg mL−1, detection limit 0.139 μg mL−1and molar absorptivity,ε, 1.78 × 104 L mol−1 cm−1. Highly sensitive and selective second-order derivative methods are reported for the direct and simultaneous determination of Th(IV) and U(VI) using HNAHBH. The applicability of the developed methods is tested by analyzing water, ore, fertilizer, and gas mantle samples for thorium and uranium content.

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VALIDATED SPECTROPHOTOMETRIC METHOD TO DETERMINE VARDENAFIL AND SILDENAFIL IN PHARMACEUTICAL FORMS USING POTASSIUM IODIDE AND POTASSIUM IODATE

International Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences ◽

10.22159/ijpps.2017v9i11.20578 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 9 (10) ◽

pp. 65 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Amir Alhaj Sakur ◽

Shaza Affas

Keyword(s):

Potassium Iodide ◽

Spectrophotometric Method ◽

Molar Absorptivity ◽

Dosage Forms ◽

Potassium Iodate ◽

Average Recovery ◽

Beer's Law ◽

Beer’S Law ◽

Good Agreement

Objective: To develop and validate simple, sensitive, precise and free of organic solvents method for the determination of sildenafil (SIL) and vardenafil (VAR) in bulk and pharmaceutical formulation.Methods: The method is based on the reaction of studied drugs with a mixture of potassium iodide and potassium iodate in an aqueous medium at (25±2 °C) to form yellow coloured triiodide ions (I3-) within 45 min. The reaction is followed spectrophotometrically by measuring the absorbance at 288, 351 nm and 285, 351 nm for sildenafil and vardenafil respectively.Results: The effects of analytical parameters on the reported systems were investigated. Beer's law of SIL was obeyed in the range of (0.4-12) μg ml-1and (0.6-16) μg ml-1. Molar absorptivity was found to be (67.659 ×103) lmol/cmand (37.955×103) lmol/cm at 288 nm, 351 nm respectively. Beer's law of VAR was obeyed in the range of (0.2-13) μg/mland (0.5-40) μg/ml. Moreover, molar absorptivity’s were found to be (68.719 ×103) l mol-1 cm-1and (26.691×103) l mol-1 cm-1 at 285 nm, 351 nm respectively.Conclusion: The proposed method has been applied to determine the components in dosage forms with an average recovery of 98.15% to 103.45% and the results have been found in good agreement with those results obtained by the reference methods.

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An Extractive Spectrophotometric Method for the Determination of Pymetrozine in Various Ecological Samples of Bilaspur District (C.G.)

Journal of Ravishankar University (Part-B) ◽

10.52228/jrub.2020-33-1-9 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 33 (1) ◽

pp. 65-72

Author(s):

Jyoti Goswami ◽

Thakur Vikram Singh ◽

Chhaya Bhatt ◽

Deepak Kumar Sahu ◽

Kalpana Wani ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Acetic Acid ◽

Spectrophotometric Method ◽

Molar Absorptivity ◽

Schiff’S Base ◽

Yellow Color ◽

Beer's Law ◽

Violet Color ◽

Beer’S Law ◽

Fujiwara Reaction

Pesticides are designated mixture of substances for extenuating and destroying any group of pests such as insects and vegetation. Pymetrozine [6-methyl-4-[(E)-pyridin-3-ylmethylideneamino]-2, 5-dihydro-1, 2, 4-triazin-3-one] is a pyridine azomethine compound which represents a class of insecticide. A Spectrophotometric method has been developed on the modified Fujiwara reaction for the determination of pymetrozine. Pymetrozine directly reacts with chloroform the 45-500C turns out the violet color in the formation of Schiff’s Base (Glutaconic Aldehyde). In the present reaction, the violet color obtained is discharged with a few drops of acetic acid followed by the addition of p- nitro aniline reagent which gives yellow color dyes. The absorption maxima of yellow-colored dye measured at 430 nm. Beer’s law is obeyed over the range of 1 to 10 µg per 10 ml of pymetrozine. The molar absorptivity of the colored system is 1.38×105 L mol-1 and Sandall’s sensitivity is 1.0×10-3µg cm-2. This method is free from the interference of other interfering and can be successfully applied for the determination of various ecological samples.

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Spectrophotometric Method for the Determination of Copper (II) in Leafy Vegetable, Soil, Alloys and Pharmaceutical Samples Using 3-Methylthiophene-2-Carbaxaldehyde-3-Thiosemicarbazone (3-MTAT)

International Letters of Chemistry Physics and Astronomy ◽

10.18052/www.scipress.com/ilcpa.51.105 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 51 ◽

pp. 105-114

Author(s):

G. Sreenivasula Reddy ◽

P. Raveendra Reddy

Keyword(s):

Spectrophotometric Method ◽

Molar Absorptivity ◽

Leafy Vegetable ◽

Pharmaceutical Samples ◽

Vegetable Soil ◽

Relative Standard ◽

Beer's Law ◽

Beer’S Law ◽

Determination Of Copper

A highly sensitive spectrophotometric method has been developed for the determination of copper (II) using 3-methylthiophene-2-carbaxaldehyde-3-thilosemicarbazone (3-MTAT) as an analytical reagent. The 3-MTAT forms reddish brown species of copper (II) at a pH range of 5.0-7.0. The Cu (II)-3-MTAT complex shows maximum absorbance at 430 nm, with molar absorptivity and Sandell’s sensitivity being 1.6 x 104 L Mol-1 Cm-1 and 3.6 x 10-3 μg cm-2 respectively. The system obeys Beer’s law in the range of 0.35-3.53mg/L. The regression coefficient of the Beer’s law straight line is 0.338, and the correlation coefficient is 0.999. The detection limit of the method is 0.021 μg mL-1. Most of the common metal ions generally found associated with copper do not interfere. The repeatability of the method was checked by finding the relative standard deviation. The developed method has been successfully employed for the determination of copper (II) in leafy vegetable and pharmaceutical samples and this method was inter comparison of experimental values using AAS.

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Development of Method for Extractive Spectrophotometric Determination of Cu(II) with 2-Hydroxy-1-Naphthalene Carboxaldehyde Phenyl Hydrazone as an Analytical Reagent

International Letters of Chemistry Physics and Astronomy ◽

10.18052/www.scipress.com/ilcpa.14.1 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 14 ◽

pp. 1-6 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Ratnamala P. Sonawane ◽

R.S. Lokhande ◽

Utkarsha M. Chavan

Keyword(s):

Spectrophotometric Determination ◽

Spectrophotometric Method ◽

Molar Absorptivity ◽

Beer's Law ◽

Beer’S Law ◽

Coloured Complex ◽

Analytical Reagent

A spectrophotometric method has been developed for the determination of Cu(II) using 2-Hydroxy-1-Naphthalene carboxaldehyde phenyl hydrazone as an extractive reagent. The reagent forms a coloured complex, which has been quantitatively extracted into n-butanol at pH 9.2. The method obeys Beer’s law over arrange from 1 to 10 ppm. The Molar absorptivity and Sandell’s sensitivity were 0.97 × 104 L mol-1cm-1 and 0.26 µg·cm-2 respectively. The proposed method is very sensitive and selective. The method has been successfully applied to synthetic and commercial samples.

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A spectrophotometric method for determination of fluorophore-to-protein ratios in conjugates of the blue fluorophore 7-amino-4-methylcoumarin-3-acetic acid (AMCA)

Journal of Histochemistry & Cytochemistry ◽

10.1177/38.1.1688452 ◽

1990 ◽

Vol 38 (1) ◽

pp. 87-94 ◽

Cited By ~ 11

Author(s):

M W Wessendorf ◽

S J Tallaksen-Greene ◽

R M Wohlhueter

Keyword(s):

Acetic Acid ◽

Optical Density ◽

Extinction Coefficient ◽

Spectrophotometric Method ◽

Extinction Coefficients ◽

Beer's Law ◽

Beer’S Law ◽

The Given

7-Amino-4-methylcoumarin-3-acetic acid (AMCA) has been found to be a useful fluorophore for immunofluorescence. The present study describes a spectrophotometric method for determining the ratio of moles AMCA to moles protein (or the f/p ratio) in an AMCA-conjugated IgG. The concentration of a substance absorbing light can be determined spectrophotometrically using Beer's Law: Absorbance = Concentration x Extinction coefficient. From Beer's law, one can derive the following formula for determining the f/p ratio of AMCA-IgG conjugates: f/p = (epsilon 280IgG).A350 - (epsilon 350IgG).A280/(epsilon 350AMCA).A280 - (epsilon 280AMCA).A350 where A is the optical density of the conjugate at the given wavelength and epsilon is the extinction coefficient of a substance at the wavelength specified. Using conjugates of model proteins, it was found that the extinction coefficients of the AMCA moiety of AMCA-conjugated protein were 1.90 x 10(4) at 350 nm and 8.29 x 10(3) at 280 nm. Similarly, it was found that the extinction coefficients of swine IgG were 1.56 x 10(3) at 350 nm and 1.26 x 10(5) at 280 nm. Thus, for AMCA-conjugated swine IgG: f/p = (1.26 x 10(5)).A350 - (1.56 x 10(3)).A280/(1.47 x 10(4)).A280 - (6.42 x 10(3)).A350 [corrected]. Based on this formula, the f/p ratios of some AMCA-IgG conjugates useful for immunohistochemistry have been found to range between 6 and 24.

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Spectrophotometric Determination of Pyridoxine Hydrochlorine in Pharmaceutical Preparations and Foods

Journal of AOAC International ◽

10.1093/jaoac/80.6.1368 ◽

1997 ◽

Vol 80 (6) ◽

pp. 1368-1373 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Kailasam Srtvidya ◽

Natesan Balasubramanian

Keyword(s):

Pharmaceutical Preparations ◽

Molar Absorptivity ◽

Spectrophotometric Assay ◽

Stable Complex ◽

Pyridoxine Hydrochloride ◽

Beer's Law ◽

Rice Samples ◽

Beer’S Law ◽

Aqueous Volume

Abstract An easy and sensitive spectrophotometric assay of pyridoxine is described. The procedure is based on formation of an azo dye by the reaction of pyridoxine with diazotized 2,4-dinitroaniline followed by the reaction of the dye with Hg2+ ions to form a stable complex with maximum absorbance at 545 nm. The system obeys Beer’s law for 4–75 μg pyridoxine hydrochloride in an overall aqueous volume of 25 mL (correlation coefficient, 0.9998). On extraction into 5 mL butan-1-ol, the system obeys Beer’s law in the range 0.8–15 μg pyridoxine hydrochloride at 545 nm. The color is stable for 60 min in both aqueous and organic phases (molar absorptivity, 3.7 × 104 L/mol · cm; coefficient of variation, 3.1%, n = 10). The pyridoxine contents of pharmaceutical preparations, a processed foodstuff, and 2 rice samples were determined by using the proposed method. Assay reliability was established by recovery studies and parallel determination using a reported method.

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A New Spectrophotometric Method for the Determination of Dithianon in Commercial Formulations and Its Residues in Foodstuffs

Journal of AOAC International ◽

10.1093/jaoac/82.6.1298 ◽

1999 ◽

Vol 82 (6) ◽

pp. 1298-1302 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Balbir C Verma ◽

Hari K Thakur ◽

Jasvir Singh ◽

Devender K Sharma

Keyword(s):

Spectrophotometric Method ◽

Apple Fruit ◽

Titration Method ◽

Red Color ◽

Beer's Law ◽

Photometric Titration ◽

Beer’S Law ◽

Formulation Analysis

Abstract A new, simple, and rapid spectrophotometric method for the microdetermination of dithianon, on the basis of its reaction with a dithiocarbamate, is described. The red color, which develops instantaneously when mixing the fungicide with the reagent in acetonitrile, is stable for at least 1 h and is measured at 520 nm. Beer's law is applicable up to 12 μg/mL dithianon concentration. The method has been successfully adapted to the analysis of the fungicide in commercial formulations and its residues on grains and apple (fruit and leaves). A photometric titration method for formulation analysis of the fungicide has also been developed.

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