scholarly journals Design of Incremental Conductance Sliding Mode MPPT Control Applied by Integrated Photovoltaic and Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell System under Various Operating Conditions for BLDC Motor

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jehun Hahm ◽  
Hyoseok Kang ◽  
Jaeho Baek ◽  
Heejin Lee ◽  
Mignon Park
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Cell ◽  
Proton Exchange Membrane ◽  
Sliding Mode ◽  
Proton Exchange ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
System Control ◽  
Atmospheric Conditions ◽  
Pv Array ◽  
Incremental Conductance ◽  
Exchange Membrane

This paper proposes an integrated photovoltaic (PV) and proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) system for continuous energy harvesting under various operating conditions for use with a brushless DC motor. The proposed scheme is based on the incremental conductance (IncCond) algorithm combined with the sliding mode technique. Under changing atmospheric conditions, the energy conversion efficiency of a PV array is very low, leading to significant power losses. Consequently, increasing efficiency by means of maximum power point tracking (MPPT) is particularly important. To manage such a hybrid system, control strategies need to be established to achieve the aim of the distributed system. Firstly, a Matlab/Simulink based model of the PV and PEMFC is developed and validated, as well as the incremental conductance sliding (ICS) MPPT technique; then, different MPPT algorithms are employed to control the PV array under nonuniform temperature and insolation conditions, to study these algorithms effectiveness under various operating conditions. Conventional techniques are easy to implement but produce oscillations at MPP. Compared to these techniques, the proposed technique is more efficient; it produces less oscillation at MPP in the steady state and provides more precise tracking.

Performance Comparison of Three Different Controllers of Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell

2015 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 115-122
Author(s):  
Liping Fan ◽  
Chong Li ◽  
Kosta Boshnakov
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Cell ◽  
Proton Exchange Membrane ◽  
Sliding Mode ◽  
Proton Exchange ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Sliding Mode Controller ◽  
Adaptive Fuzzy ◽  
Adaptive Fuzzy Sliding Mode ◽  
Fuzzy Sliding Mode ◽  
Exchange Membrane

Proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs) are promising clear and efficient new energy sources. An excellent control system is a normal working prerequisite for maintaining a fuel cell system in correct operating conditions. Conventional controllers could not satisfy the high performance to obtain the acceptable responses because of uncertainty, time-change, nonlinear, long-hysteresis and strong-coupling characteristics of PEMFCs. Based on the dynamic model of PEMFC, an adaptive fuzzy sliding mode controller is proposed for PEMFC to realize constant voltage output and reliability service. Three different controllers, including fuzzy controller, fuzzy sliding mode controller and adaptive fuzzy sliding mode controller, are designed and compared. Simulation results show that the proposed adaptive fuzzy sliding mode controller for PEMFC can get satisfactory controlling effects.

scholarly journals Modelling of Humidity Dynamics for Open-Cathode Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 106
Author(s):  
Fengxiang Chen ◽  
Liming Zhang ◽  
Jieran Jiao
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Cell ◽  
Mass Flow ◽  
Proton Exchange Membrane ◽  
Flow Model ◽  
Transport Theory ◽  
Gas Diffusion ◽  
Proton Exchange ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Output Performance ◽  
Exchange Membrane

The durability and output performance of a fuel cell is highly influenced by the internal humidity, while in most developed models of open-cathode proton exchange membrane fuel cells (OC-PEMFC) the internal water content is viewed as a fixed value. Based on mass and energy conservation law, mass transport theory and electrochemistry principles, the model of humidity dynamics for OC-PEMFC is established in Simulink® environment, including the electrochemical model, mass flow model and thermal model. In the mass flow model, the water retention property and oxygen transfer characteristics of the gas diffusion layer is modelled. The simulation indicates that the internal humidity of OC-PEMFC varies with stack temperature and operating conditions, which has a significant influence on stack efficiency and output performance. In order to maintain a good internal humidity state during operation, this model can be used to determine the optimal stack temperature and for the design of a proper control strategy.

Theoretical Analysis on the Autothermal Reforming Process of Ethanol as Fuel for a Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell System

2006 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 468-473 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alessandra Perna
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Cell ◽  
Proton Exchange Membrane ◽  
Pem Fuel Cell ◽  
Cell System ◽  
Autothermal Reforming ◽  
Proton Exchange ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Hydrogen Yield ◽  
Fuel Cell System ◽  
Exchange Membrane

The purpose of this work is to investigate, by a thermodynamic analysis, the effects of the process variables on the performance of an autothermal reforming (ATR)-based fuel processor, operating on ethanol as fuel, integrated into an overall proton exchange membrane (PEM) fuel cell system. This analysis has been carried out finding the better operating conditions to maximize hydrogen yield and to minimize CO carbon monoxide production. In order to evaluate the overall efficiency of the system, PEM fuel cell operations have been analyzed by an available parametric model.

Durability study and lifetime prediction of baseline proton exchange membrane fuel cell under severe operating conditions

2008 ◽  
Vol 182 (2) ◽  
pp. 469-475 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Marrony ◽  
R. Barrera ◽  
S. Quenet ◽  
S. Ginocchio ◽  
L. Montelatici ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Cell ◽  
Proton Exchange Membrane ◽  
Proton Exchange ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Lifetime Prediction ◽  
Exchange Membrane

Multi-Phase Flow and Condensation in Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells

2002 ◽  
Author(s):  
John M. Stockie
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Cell ◽  
Liquid Water ◽  
Proton Exchange Membrane ◽  
Transport Processes ◽  
Proton Exchange ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Phase Flow ◽  
Multi Phase Flow ◽  
Multi Phase ◽  
Exchange Membrane

The porous electrodes in a proton exchange membrane fuel cell are characterized by multi-phase flow, involving liquid water and multispecies gases, that are undergoing both condensation and catalyzed reactions. Careful management of liquid water and heat in the fuel cell system is essential for optimizing performance. The primary focus of this study is thus on condensation and water transport, neither of which have yet been studied in as much detail as other aspects of fuel cell dynamics. We develop a two-dimensional model for multi-phase flow in a porous medium that captures the fundamental transport processes going on in the electrodes. The governing equations are discretized using a finite volume approach, and numerical simulations are performed in order to determine the effect of changing operating conditions on fuel cell performance.

scholarly journals Measurements Based Analysis of the Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell Operation in Transient State and Power of Own Needs

Energies ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 498
Author(s):  
Andrzej Wilk ◽  
Daniel Węcel
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Cells ◽  
Fuel Cell ◽  
Proton Exchange Membrane ◽  
Transient State ◽  
Experimental Tests ◽  
Cell System ◽  
Proton Exchange ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Variable Load ◽  
Exchange Membrane

Currently, fuel cells are increasingly used in industrial installations, means of transport, and household applications as a source of electricity and heat. The paper presents the results of experimental tests of a Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell (PEMFC) at variable load, which characterizes the cell’s operation in real installations. A detailed analysis of the power needed for operation fuel cell auxiliary devices (own needs power) was carried out. An analysis of net and gross efficiency was carried out in various operating conditions of the device. The measurements made show changes in the performance of the fuel cell during step changing or smooth changing of an electric load. Load was carried out as a change in the current or a change in the resistance of the receiver. The analysis covered the times of reaching steady states and the efficiency of the fuel cell system taking into account auxiliary devices. In the final part of the article, an analysis was made of the influence of the fuel cell duration of use on obtained parameters. The analysis of the measurement results will allow determination of the possibility of using fuel cells in installations with a rapidly changing load profile and indicate possible solutions to improve the performance of the installation.

scholarly journals Multi-Timescale-Based Partial Optimal Control of a Proton-Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell

Energies ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 166
Author(s):  
Milos Milanovic ◽  
Verica Radisavljevic-Gajic
Keyword(s):  
Optimal Control ◽  
Fuel Cell ◽  
Proton Exchange Membrane ◽  
Proton Exchange ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Pole Placement ◽  
Control Technique ◽  
Transient Model ◽  
Linearized Model ◽  
Exchange Membrane

This paper presents a Proton-Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell (PEMFC) transient model in stack current cycling conditions and its partial optimal control. The derived model is used for a specific application of the recently published multistage control technique developed by the authors. The presented control-oriented transient PEMFC model is an extension of the steady-state control-oriented model previously established by the authors. The new model is experimentally validated for transient operating conditions on the Greenlight Innovation G60 testing station where the comparison of the experimental and simulation results is presented. The derived five-state nonlinear control-oriented model is linearized, and three clusters of eigenvalues can be clearly identified. This specific feature of the linearized model is known as the three timescale system. A novel multistage optimal control technique is particularly suitable for this class of systems. It is shown that this control technique enables the designer to construct a local LQR, pole-placement or any other linear controller type at the subsystem level completely independently, which further optimizes the performance of the whole non-decoupled system.

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