Differences of the Morphology of Subaxial Cervical Spine Endplates between Chinese and White Men and Women

Objective. The aim of this comparative anatomical study was to specifically investigate endplate morphology differences between Chinese and White men and women. Materials and Methods. Three-dimensional cervical endplate models were constructed using computed tomography imaging of 41 healthy Chinese and 24 White subjects. The morphologic measurements of cervical endplate included linear parameters (EPWu: upper endplate width; EPDu: upper endplate depth; EPWl: lower endplate width; and EPDl: lower endplate depth) and area parameters with a digital measuring system. Results. All linear parameters showed a constant increase from C3 to C7 except for EPDl in both the Chinese and the White subjects. An increase trend was observed on area parameters in both Chinese and White subjects. The ratio of EPWl/EPDl was smaller in Chinese females than in White females at C3, C4, and C6 levels (P<0.05). The ratio of EPWl/EPDl was significantly different between the Chinese and White men at C4-5 levels (P<0.05). Conclusions. Our data indicates that the morphology of subaxial cervical spine endplates between Chinese and White men and women is different in most of the linear and area parameters. This information could provide guidelines for the design of CDA implants and the improvement of surgical techniques.

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Posterior Subaxial Cervical Spine Screw Fixation: A Review of Techniques

Global Spine Journal ◽

10.1177/2192568218759940 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 8 (7) ◽

pp. 751-760 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Andrei Fernandes Joaquim ◽

Marcelo Luis Mudo ◽

Lee A. Tan ◽

K. Daniel Riew

Keyword(s):

Cervical Spine ◽

Literature Review ◽

Screw Fixation ◽

Surgical Techniques ◽

Pedicle Screw Fixation ◽

Lateral Mass ◽

Modified Technique ◽

Screw Insertion ◽

Subaxial Cervical Spine ◽

Fixation Techniques

Study Design: A narrative literature review. Objectives: To review the surgical techniques of posterior screw fixation in the subaxial cervical spine. Methods: A broad literature review on the most common screw fixation techniques including lateral mass, pedicle, intralaminar and transfacet screws was performed on PubMed. The techniques and surgical nuances are summarized. Results: The following techniques were described in detail and presented with illustrative figures, including (1) lateral mass screw insertion: by Roy-Camille, Louis, Magerl, Anderson, An, Riew techniques and also a modified technique for C7 lateral mass fixation; (2) pedicle screw fixation technique as described by Abumi and also a freehand technique description; (3) intralaminar screw fixation; and finally, (4) transfacet screw fixation, as described by Takayasu, DalCanto, Klekamp, and Miyanji. Conclusions: Many different techniques of subaxial screw fixation were described and are available. To know the nuances of each one allows surgeons to choose the best option for each patient, improving the success of the fixation and decrease complications.

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Quantitative Three-dimensional Anatomy of the Subaxial Cervical Spine: Implication for Anterior Spinal Surgery

Neurosurgery ◽

10.1227/00006123-199606000-00016 ◽

1996 ◽

Vol 38 (6) ◽

pp. 1139-1144 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Seong-Hoon Oh ◽

Noel I. Perin ◽

Paul R. Cooper

Keyword(s):

Cervical Spine ◽

Spinal Surgery ◽

Three Dimensional ◽

Subaxial Cervical Spine ◽

Anterior Spinal Surgery

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Quantitative Three-dimensional Anatomy of the Subaxial Cervical Spine. Implication for Anterior Spinal Surgery

Neurosurgery ◽

10.1097/00006123-199606000-00016 ◽

1996 ◽

Vol 38 (6) ◽

pp. 1139-1144 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Seong-Hoon Oh ◽

Noel I. Perin ◽

Paul R. Cooper

Keyword(s):

Cervical Spine ◽

Spinal Surgery ◽

Three Dimensional ◽

Subaxial Cervical Spine ◽

Anterior Spinal Surgery

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Three Dimensional Measurement of Ideal Trajectory of Pedicle Screws of Subaxial Cervical Spine Using the Algorithm Could Be Applied for Robotic Screw Insertion

Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society ◽

10.3340/jkns.2018.0176 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 62 (4) ◽

pp. 376-381

Author(s):

Jisoon Huh ◽

Jae Hwan Hyun ◽

Hyeong Geon Park ◽

Ho-Young Kwak

Keyword(s):

Cervical Spine ◽

Three Dimensional ◽

Pedicle Screws ◽

Screw Insertion ◽

Dimensional Measurement ◽

Subaxial Cervical Spine ◽

Three Dimensional Measurement

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GP.01 Quantification of computational geometric congruence in surface-based registration for spinal intra-operative three-dimensional navigation

Canadian Journal of Neurological Sciences / Journal Canadien des Sciences Neurologiques ◽

10.1017/cjn.2017.60 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 44 (S2) ◽

pp. S7-S7

Author(s):

D Guha ◽

R Jakubovic ◽

VX Yang

Keyword(s):

Cervical Spine ◽

Spinous Process ◽

Thoracolumbar Spine ◽

Three Dimensional ◽

Spinal Instrumentation ◽

Computational Modelling ◽

Computer Assisted ◽

Assisted Navigation ◽

Subaxial Cervical Spine ◽

Geometric Symmetry

Background: Computer-assisted navigation (CAN) may guide spinal instrumentation, and requires alignment of patient anatomy to imaging. Iterative-Closest-Point algorithms register anatomical and imaging datasets, which may fail in the presence of significant geometric congruence leading to inaccurate navigation. We computationally quantify geometric congruence in posterior spinal exposures, and identify predictors of potential navigation inaccuracy. Methods: Midline posterior exposures were performed from C1-S1 in four human cadavers. An optically-based CAN generated surface maps of the posterior elements at each level. Maps were reconstructed to include bilateral hemilamina, or unilateral hemilamina with/without the base of the spinous process. Maps were fitted to symmetrical geometries (cylindrical/spherical/planar) using computational modelling, and the degree of model fit quantified. Results: Increased cylindrical/spherical/planar symmetry was seen in the subaxial cervical spine relative to the high-cervical and thoracolumbar spine (p<0.001). Inclusion of the base of the spinous process decreased symmetry independent of spinal level (p<0.001). Registration with bilateral vs. unilateral hemilamina did not significantly reduce geometric symmetry. Conclusions: Geometric congruence is most evident at C1 and the subaxial cervical spine, warranting greater vigilance in navigation accuracy verification. At all levels, inclusion of the base of the spinous process in unilateral registration decreases the likelihood of geometric symmetry and navigation error.

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Kinematics of the Subaxial Cervical Spine in Rotation In Vivo Three-Dimensional Analysis

Spine ◽

10.1097/01.brs.0000147806.31675.6b ◽

2004 ◽

Vol 29 (24) ◽

pp. 2826-2831 ◽

Cited By ~ 66

Author(s):

Takahiro Ishii ◽

Yoshihiro Mukai ◽

Noboru Hosono ◽

Hironobu Sakaura ◽

Ryutaro Fujii ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cervical Spine ◽

Dimensional Analysis ◽

Three Dimensional ◽

Subaxial Cervical Spine

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In vivo three-dimensional intervertebral kinematics of the subaxial cervical spine during seated axial rotation and lateral bending via a fluoroscopy-to-CT registration approach

Journal of Biomechanics ◽

10.1016/j.jbiomech.2014.08.014 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 47 (13) ◽

pp. 3310-3317 ◽

Cited By ~ 27

Author(s):

Cheng-Chung Lin ◽

Tung-Wu Lu ◽

Ting-Ming Wang ◽

Chao-Yu Hsu ◽

Shih-Jung Hsu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cervical Spine ◽

Three Dimensional ◽

Axial Rotation ◽

Lateral Bending ◽

Subaxial Cervical Spine

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Information Extension of Three-Dimensional Model for Coordinate Measurement

Applied Mechanics and Materials ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.278-280.757 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 278-280 ◽

pp. 757-763

Author(s):

Jing Zhao Yang ◽

Bao Zhong Wu ◽

Guo Xi Li ◽

Jie Wang

Keyword(s):

Material Flow ◽

Three Dimensional ◽

Measuring System ◽

Dimensional Model ◽

Three Dimensional Model ◽

Coordinate Measurement ◽

Analysis And Evaluation ◽

Measurement Results ◽

Digital Measuring System ◽

Internal Information

The process of coordinate measurement involves a large amount of data. This paper uses the IDEF0 and DFD model to analyze the measuring function requirements for solving the problem of ambiguous internal information flow and material flow during the measuring process and uses IDEF1X method to constitute information model of coordinate measurement. The information is extended on the three-dimensional model generated by using the MBD (model based definition) technology. It enables us to specify the measurement process and reduce the specification uncertainty of the digital measuring system. In addition, the extended information could have been inputted for the subsequent process such as process planning, data analysis and evaluation of measurement results.

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Race Difference in Auditory Sensitivity

Journal of Speech and Hearing Research ◽

10.1044/jshr.0704.389 ◽

1964 ◽

Vol 7 (4) ◽

pp. 389-393 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

David C. Shepherd ◽

Robert Goldstein ◽

Benjamin Rosenblüt

Keyword(s):

White Women ◽

White Men ◽

Sensitivity Study ◽

Auditory Sensitivity ◽

Race Difference ◽

Men And Women ◽

Auditory Thresholds ◽

Békésy Audiometry ◽

Method Of Adjustment ◽

Better Than

Two separate studies investigated race and sex differences in normal auditory sensitivity. Study I measured thresholds at 500, 1000, and 2000 cps of 23 white men, 26 white women, 21 negro men, and 24 negro women using the method of limits. In Study II thresholds of 10 white men, 10 white women, 10 negro men, and 10 negro women were measured at 1000 cps using four different stimulus conditions and the method of adjustment by means of Bekesy audiometry. Results indicated that the white men and women in Study I heard significantly better than their negro counterparts at 1000 and 2000 cps. There were no significant differences between the average thresholds measured at 1000 cps of the white and negro men in Study II. White women produced better auditory thresholds with three stimulus conditions and significantly more sensitive thresholds with the slow pulsed stimulus than did the negro women in Study II.

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