scholarly journals Dorsal Horn of Mouse Lumbar Spinal Cord Imaged with CLARITY

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Gulgun Sengul ◽  
Huazheng Liang ◽  
Teri M. Furlong ◽  
George Paxinos
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Dorsal Horn ◽  
Aminobutyric Acid ◽  
Lumbar Spinal Cord ◽  
Spinal Cord Tissue ◽  
Gamma Aminobutyric Acid ◽  
Immunohistochemical Markers ◽  
Calcitonin Gene ◽  
Clearing Technique ◽  
Lumbar Spinal

The organization of the mouse spinal dorsal horn has been delineated in 2D for the six Rexed laminae in our publication Atlas of the Spinal Cord: Mouse, Rat, Rhesus, Marmoset, and Human. In the present study, the tissue clearing technique CLARITY was used to observe the cyto- and chemoarchitecture of the mouse spinal cord in 3D, using a variety of immunohistochemical markers. We confirm prior observations regarding the location of glycine and serotonin immunoreactivities. Novel observations include the demonstration of numerous calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) perikarya, as well as CGRP fibers and terminals in all laminae of the dorsal horn. We also observed sparse choline acetyltransferase (ChAT) immunoreactivity in small perikarya and fibers and terminals in all dorsal horn laminae, while gamma aminobutyric acid (GABA) and glutamate decarboxylase-67 (GAD67) immunoreactivities were found only in small perikarya and fibers. Finally, numerous serotonergic fibers were observed in all laminae of the dorsal horn. In conclusion, CLARITY confirmed the 2D immunohistochemical properties of the spinal cord. Furthermore, we observed novel anatomical characteristics of the spinal cord and demonstrated that CLARITY can be used on spinal cord tissue to examine many proteins of interest.

Changes in serotonin-induced potentials during spinal cord development

1993 ◽  
Vol 69 (4) ◽  
pp. 1338-1349 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Ziskind-Conhaim ◽  
B. S. Seebach ◽  
B. X. Gao
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Direct Action ◽  
Membrane Resistance ◽  
Ventral Horn ◽  
Repetitive Firing ◽  
Lumbar Spinal Cord ◽  
Receptor Subtypes ◽  
Gamma Aminobutyric Acid ◽  
Spinal Neurons ◽  
Lumbar Spinal

1. Motoneuron responses to serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine, 5-HT), and the growth pattern of 5-HT projections into the ventral horn were studied in the isolated spinal cord of embryonic and neonatal rats. 2. 5-HT projections first appeared in lumbar spinal cord at days 16-17 of gestation (E16-E17) and were localized in the lateral and ventral funiculi. By E18, the projections had grown into the ventral horn, and at 1-2 days after birth they were in close apposition to motoneuron somata. 3. At E16-E17, slow-rising depolarizing potentials of 1-4 mV were recorded intracellularly in lumbar motoneurons in response to bath application of 5-HT. These potentials were not apparent after E18; at that time 5-HT generated long-lasting depolarizations with an average amplitude of 6 mV, and an increase of 11% in membrane resistance. Starting at E18, 5-HT also induced high-frequency fast-rising potentials that were blocked by antagonists of glutamate, gamma-aminobutyric acid, and glycine. 4. Motoneuron responses to 5-HT increased significantly after birth, when 5-HT produced an average depolarization of 19 mV and repetitive firing of action potentials. 5. Tetrodotoxin and high Mg2+ did not reduce the amplitude of the long-lasting depolarizations, which suggested that they were produced by direct action of 5-HT on motoneuron membrane. 6. At all developmental ages, 5-HT reduced the amplitude of dorsal root-evoked potentials. The suppressed responses were neither due to 5-HT-induced depolarization nor the result of a decrease in motoneuron excitability. 7. The pharmacological profile of 5-HT-induced potentials was studied with the use of various agonists and antagonists of 5-HT. The findings indicated that the actions of 5-HT on spinal neurons were mediated via multiple 5-HT receptor subtypes. 8. Our results suggested that 5-HT excited spinal neurons before 5-HT projections grew into the ventral horn. The characteristics of 5-HT-induced potentials changed, however, at the time when the density of 5-HT projections increased in the motor nuclei.

N-Methyl-D-Aspartate Antagonist Inhibits NR-1 Subunit Phosphorylation of the Spinal N-Methyl-D-Aspartate Receptor Induced by Low Frequency Electroacupuncture

2007 ◽  
Vol 35 (06) ◽  
pp. 987-993 ◽  
Author(s):  
Byeol-Rim Kang ◽  
Chang-Beohm Ahn ◽  
Byung-Tae Choi
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Dorsal Horn ◽  
Peripheral Nerves ◽  
Intrathecal Injection ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Serine Phosphorylation ◽  
Lumbar Spinal Cord ◽  
Aspartate Receptor ◽  
Lumbar Spinal ◽  
Stimulation Of

We investigated whether the 2 Hz electroacupuncture (EA) analgesia is associated with phosphorylation of N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (NMDAR) NR-1 subunits and NMDAR antagonism in the lumbar spinal cord of rats. EA stimulation produced an increase of serine phosphorylation of NMDAR NR-1 subunits in the spinal cord as compared with normal conditions. However, the intrathecal injection of NMDAR antagonist D-2-amino-5-phosphonopentanoic acid significantly prevented serine phosphorylation of NMDAR NR-1 subunits induced by EA stimulation in the dorsal horn of spinal cord. These results indicate that EA analgesia by stimulation of peripheral nerves may be involved in an increase of NR-1 serine phosphorylation in the dorsal horn of the spinal cord.

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