Evaluation of Functional Outcomes and OCT-Biomarkers after Intravitreal Dexamethasone Implant for Postoperative Cystoid Macular Edema in Vitrectomized Eyes

Purpose. To evaluate the efficacy of dexamethasone implant (DEX) for the treatment of postoperative cystoid macular edema (PCME) in vitrectomized eyes and to investigate visual and morphological OCT predictive factors. Methods. In this retrospective study, eyes with PCME after vitrectomy were treated with at least one DEX injection and were observed over 12 months. Indications for surgery were epiretinal membrane (ERM) or rhegmatogenous retinal detachment (RRD) without macular involvement. Prior treatments, if any, were noted. Best corrected visual acuity (BCVA), central foveal thickness (CFT), and OCT morphology including the presence of intraretinal cysts/fluid or subretinal fluid (IRF/SRF) and ellipsoid zone (EZ) continuity were evaluated. Correlations between OCT measures and visual outcomes were analyzed by the generalized estimating equations procedure. Results. Forty-six eyes with ERM and 15 eyes with RRD were enrolled. The ERM group was more likely to gain BCVA than RRD (odds ratio (OR), 1.168; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.003–1.360; p=0.046). The absence of SRF (OR, 0.860; 95% CI, 0.743–0.995; p=0.043) was predictive of worse BCVA, whereas the integrity of EZ (OR, 1.094; 95% CI, 0.951–1.257; p=0.209) or naïve status (OR, 0.946; 95% CI, 0.871–1.137, p=0.853) was not. Eyes with a worse baseline BCVA were more likely to gain >1 line after 12 months (OR, 1.485; 95% CI, 1.171–1.884; p=0.001). Conclusion. The efficacy of the treatment of PCME in vitrectomized eyes seems to be affected by baseline BCVA, the absence of SRF, and the indication for surgery. Naïve status appears not to play any significant role in the prediction of BCVA. This trial is registered with DRKS00018955.

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Comparison of Intravitreal Dexamethasone Implant and Ranibizumab in Vitrectomized Eyes with Diabetic Macular Edema

Journal of Ophthalmology ◽

10.1155/2021/8882539 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 2021 ◽

pp. 1-8

Author(s):

Jia-Kang Wang ◽

Tzu-Lun Huang ◽

Pei-Yao Chang ◽

Wei-Ting Ho ◽

Yung-Ray Hsu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Macular Edema ◽

Diabetic Macular Edema ◽

Glycosylated Hemoglobin ◽

Dexamethasone Implant ◽

Intravitreal Ranibizumab ◽

Foveal Thickness ◽

Central Foveal Thickness ◽

Intravitreal Dexamethasone Implant ◽

Intravitreal Dexamethasone ◽

Treatment Number

Purpose. This retrospective study aimed to compare the efficacy of intravitreal ranibizumab (IVR) and intravitreal dexamethasone implant (IDI) for pseudophakic vitrectomized eyes with diabetic macular edema (DME) in a single institution. Methods. Pseudophakic vitrectomized eyes with treatment-naïve center-involved DME were enrolled, with one eye in each patient. They were divided into two groups: one group receiving IDI every 3 to 4 months and another group receiving IVR using 3 monthly plus treat-and-extend injections, all with monthly follow-up for 6 months. Switch of intravitreal drugs or deferred macular laser was not allowed. Primary outcome measures included change in central foveal thickness (CFT) in 1 mm by spectral-domain optical coherence tomography and best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) at Month 6. Results. Twenty-two eyes were included in the IDI group and 26 eyes in the IVR group. The baseline demographics, glycosylated hemoglobin level, intraocular pressure (IOP), BCVA, and CFT did not significantly differ ( p > 0.05 ). Compared to baseline data, CFT decreased and BCVA improved significantly after either IDI or IVR at Month 6 ( p < 0.05 ). Significantly better mean final BCVA (0.38 logMAR vs. 0.62 logMAR, p = 0.04 ), more mean visual gain (−0.30 logMAR vs. −0.15 logMAR, p = 0.02 ), lower mean final CFT (310.9 μm vs. 384.2 μm, p = 0.04 ), and larger mean CFT decrease (−150.0 μm vs. −60.1 μm, p = 0.03 ) were found in the IDI group compared to those in the IVR group. A smaller mean treatment number (2.6 vs. 5.6, p < 0.001 ) and higher rate of postinjection ocular hypertension requiring topical hypotensive agent therapy (27.3% vs. 0%, p = 0.0002 ) were demonstrated in the IDI group than those in the IVR group. Conclusion. We concluded that IDI and IVR can both effectively treat vitrectomized eyes with DME. Dexamethasone implants had significantly better visual/anatomical improvement, smaller treatment number, and higher rate of elevated IOP after injection than IVR in pseudophakic vitrectomized eyes with DME in a 6-month period.

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