scholarly journals Performance Analysis of Iteratively Decoded Convergent Source Mapping with Sphere Packing-Assisted Differential Space-Time Spreading Technique for Efficient Video Transmission

Complexity ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-16
Author(s):  
Ishtiaque Ahmed ◽  
Nasru Minallah ◽  
Jaroslav Frnda ◽  
Jan Nedoma
Keyword(s):  
Information Transfer ◽  
Video Transmission ◽  
Hamming Distance ◽  
Signal To Noise Ratio ◽  
Sphere Packing ◽  
Space Time ◽  
Data Partitioning ◽  
Video Codec ◽  
Efficient System ◽  
Data Rates

With the substantial growth in number of wireless devices, future communication demands overarching research to design high-throughput and efficient systems. We propose an intelligent Convergent Source Mapping (CSM) approach incorporating Differential Space-Time Spreading (DSTS) technique with Sphere Packing (SP) modulation. The crux of CSM process is assured convergence by attaining an infinitesimal Bit-Error Rate (BER). Data Partitioning (DP) H.264 video codec is deployed to gauge the performance of our intelligent and efficient system. For the purpose of efficient and higher data rates, we have incorporated compression efficient source encoding along with error resiliency and transmission robustness features. The proposed system follows the concept of iterations between the Soft-Bit Source-Decoder (SBSD) and Recursive Systematic Convolutional (RSC) decoder. Simulations of the DSTS-SP-assisted CSM system are presented for the correlated narrowband Rayleigh channel, using different CSM rates but constant overall bit-rate budget. The SP-assisted DSTS systems are mainly useful in decoding algorithms that operate without requiring Channel State Information (CSI). The effects of incorporating redundancy via different CSM schemes on the attainable performance and convergence of the proposed system are investigated using EXtrinsic Information Transfer (EXIT) charts. The effectiveness of the proposed system is demonstrated through IT++ based proof-of-concept simulations. The Peak Signal-to-Noise Ratio (PSNR) analysis shows that using Rate-2/6 CSM with minimum Hamming distance ( d H , min ) of 4 offers about 5 dB gain, compared to an identical overall system code rate but with Rate-2/3 CSM and d H , min of 2. Furthermore, for a consistent value of d H , min and overall rate, the Rate-2/3 CSM scheme beats the Rate-5/6 CSM by about 2 dB at the PSNR degradation point of 2 dB. Moreover, the proposed system with Rate-2/3 CSM scheme furnishes an E b / N 0 gain of 20 dB when compared with the uniform-rate benchmarker. Clearly, we can say that higher d H , min and lower CSM values are favourable for our proposed setup.

scholarly journals Averting BER Floor with Iterative Source and Channel Decoding for Layered Steered Space-Time Codes

Sensors ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (19) ◽  
pp. 6502
Author(s):  
Nasru Minallah ◽  
Ishtiaque Ahmed ◽  
Jaroslav Frnda ◽  
Khurram S. Khattak
Keyword(s):  
Information Transfer ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Hamming Distance ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Signal To Noise Ratio ◽  
Sphere Packing ◽  
Space Time ◽  
Infinite Impulse Response ◽  
High Efficiency Video Coding ◽  
Stage System

The widespread development in wireless technologies and the advancements in multimedia communication have brought about a positive impact on the performance of wireless transceivers. We investigate the performance of our three-stage turbo detected system using state-of-the-art high efficiency video coding (HEVC), also known as the H.265 video standard. The system makes use of sphere packing (SP) modulation with the combinational gain technique of layered steered space-time code (LSSTC). The proposed three-stage system is simulated for the correlated Rayleigh fading channel and the bit-error rate (BER) curve obtained after simulation is free of any floor formation. The system employs low complexity source-bit coding (SBC) for protecting the H.265 coded stream. An intermediate recursive unity-rate code (URC) with an infinite impulse response is employed as an inner precoder. More specifically, the URC assists in the prevention of the BER floor by distributing the information across the decoders. There is an observable gain in the BER and peak signal-to-noise ratio (PSNR) performances with the increasing value of minimum Hamming distance (dH,min) using the three-stage system. Convergence analysis of the proposed system is investigated through an extrinsic information transfer (EXIT) chart. Our proposed system demonstrates better performance of about 22 dB than the benchmarker utilizing LSSTC-SP for iterative source-channel detection, but without exploiting the optimized SBC schemes.

scholarly journals Transmitter Diversity Gain Technique Aided Irregular Channel Coding for Mobile Video Transmission

Entropy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 235
Author(s):  
Nasru Minallah ◽  
Khadem Ullah ◽  
Jaroslav Frnda ◽  
Korhan Cengiz ◽  
Muhammad Awais Javed
Keyword(s):  
Channel Coding ◽  
Information Transfer ◽  
Video Transmission ◽  
Signal To Noise Ratio ◽  
Sphere Packing ◽  
Convolutional Codes ◽  
Compressed Video ◽  
Error Protection ◽  
Protection Scheme ◽  
Advanced Video Coding

The reliable transmission of multimedia information that is coded through highly compression efficient encoders is a challenging task. This article presents the iterative convergence performance of IrRegular Convolutional Codes (IRCCs) with the aid of the multidimensional Sphere Packing (SP) modulation assisted Differential Space Time Spreading Codes (IRCC-SP-DSTS) scheme for the transmission of H.264/Advanced Video Coding (AVC) compressed video coded stream. In this article, three different regular and irregular error protection schemes are presented. In the presented Regular Error Protection (REP) scheme, all of the partitions of the video sequence are regular error protected with a rate of 3/4 IRCC. In Irregular Error Protection scheme-1 (IREP-1) the H.264/AVC partitions are prioritized as A, B & C, respectively. Whereas, in Irregular Error Protection scheme-2 (IREP-2), the H.264/AVC partitions are prioritized as B, A, and C, respectively. The performance of the iterative paradigm of an inner IRCC and outer Rate-1 Precoder is analyzed by the EXtrinsic Information Transfer (EXIT) Chart and the Quality of Experience (QoE) performance of the proposed mechanism is evaluated using the Bit Error Rate (BER) metric and Peak Signal to Noise Ratio (PSNR)-based objective quality metric. More specifically, it is concluded that the proposed IREP-2 scheme exhibits a gain of 1 dB Eb/N0 with reference to the IREP-1 and Eb/N0 gain of 0.6 dB with reference to the REP scheme over the PSNR degradation of 1 dB.

scholarly journals On the Performance of Self-Concatenated Coding for Wireless Mobile Video Transmission Using DSTS-SP-Assisted Smart Antenna System

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Nasru Minallah ◽  
Ishtiaque Ahmed ◽  
Muhammad Ijaz ◽  
Atif Sardar Khan ◽  
Laiq Hasan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Iterative Decoding ◽  
Information Transfer ◽  
Video Transmission ◽  
Smart Antenna ◽  
Video Quality ◽  
Sphere Packing ◽  
Antenna System ◽  
Video Codec ◽  
Extrinsic Information ◽  
High Data

In the current age of advanced technologies, there is an escalating demand for reliable wireless systems, catering to the high data rates of mobile multimedia applications. This article presents a novel approach to the concept of Self-Concatenated Convolutional Coding (SECCC) with Sphere Packing (SP) modulation via Differential Space-Time Spreading- (DSTS-) based smart antennas. The two transmitters provide transmit diversity which is capable of recuperating the signal from the effects of fading, even with a single receiving antenna. The proposed DSTS-SP SECCC scheme is probed for the Rayleigh fading channel. The SECCC structure is developed using the Recursive Systematic Convolutional (RSC) code with the aid of an interleaver. Interleaving generates randomness in exchange for extrinsic information between the constituent decoders. Iterative decoding is invoked at the receiving side to enhance the output performance by attaining fruitful convergence. The convergence behaviour of the proposed system is investigated using EXtrinsic Information Transfer (EXIT) curves. The performance of the proposed system is ascertained with the H.264 standard video codec. The perceived video quality of DSTS-SP SECCC is found to be significantly better than that of the DSTS-SP RSC. To be more precise, the proposed DSTS-SP SECCC system exhibits an E b / N 0 gain of 8 dB at the PSNR degradation point of 1 dB, relative to the equivalent rate DSTS-SP RSC. Similarly, an E b / N 0 gain of 10 dB exists for the DSTS-SP SECCC system at 1 dB degradation point when compared with the SECCC scheme dispensing with the DSTS-SP approach.

scholarly journals Efficient Wireless Video Communication using Sophisticated Channel Coding and Transmitter Diversity Gain Technique

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nasu Minallah ◽  
Khadem Ullah ◽  
Imran Ullah Khan ◽  
Khurram Shahzad Khattak
Keyword(s):  
System Design ◽  
Channel Coding ◽  
Information Transfer ◽  
Sphere Packing ◽  
Error Resilience ◽  
Video Stream ◽  
Space Time ◽  
Video Codec ◽  
Compressed Video ◽  
Channel Codes

Abstract This article investigate the performance of various sophisticated channel coding and transmission schemes for achieving reliable transmission of H.264/AVC compressed video. The performance of the proposed schemes, namely Non-Convergent Coding (NCC), Non-Convergent Coding assisted with Differential Space Time Spreading (DSTS) and Sphere Packing (SP) modulation (NCDSTS-SP) and Convergent Coding assisted with Differential Space Time Spreading (DSTS) and Sphere Packing (SP) modulation CDSTS-SP, is analyzed using Bit Error Ratio (BER) and Peak Signal to Noise Ratio (PSNR) performance of the transmitted video stream. Channel codes incorporate artificial residual redundancy in the coded information bits, which is advantageous in the decoder side to overcome error effects and to accomplish the lowest desired BER. To cope with the very high compression ratio efficiency of the H.264/AVC video codec, our proposed system induces artificial redundancy in the compressed video bit-stream with the aid of Over Complete Mapping (OCM) and Recursive Systematic Convolution (RSC) channel codes, in order to improve the error resilience of the transmitted stream. Furthermore, overall BER reduction and improvement in objective quality performance is achieved using sophisticated transceiver design consisting of the advanced Sphere Packing (SP) modulation technique assisted by Differential Space Time Spreading (DSTS). The performance of the Iterative Soft Bit Source Decoding (SBSD) and channel decoding is analyzed using various error protection setups by allocating persistently constant overall bit rate budget. Additionally, the Iterative behavior of the SBSD assisted Recursive Systematic Convolution (RSC) code is analyzed with the aid of Extrinsic Information Transfer (EXIT) Chart. Moreover, it is observed from the experimental results that the sophisticated system design of CDSTS-SP outperforms its counterpart in terms of BER and PSNR. More specifically NCDSTS-SP results in PSNR gain of 6 dB and CDSTS-SP results in PSNR gain of 28 dB for Eb/N0 value of 10 dB, with reference to bench marker system design of NCC.

Performance Evaluation of Space-Time and Harq Diversity in MIMO HSDPA

2012 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 71-86
Author(s):  
Walid Hakimi ◽  
Ammar Mahmoud
Keyword(s):  
System Performance ◽  
Signal To Noise Ratio ◽  
Space Time ◽  
System Capacity ◽  
Time Diversity ◽  
Data Rates ◽  
Alamouti Coding ◽  
User Data ◽  
Alamouti Code ◽  
Interference Canceller

Multi-antenna techniques can be used to achieve improved system performance, including improved system capacity (more users per cell) and improved coverage (possibility for larger cells), as well as improved service provisioning, for example, higher per-user data rates. This study provides an overview of space-time diversity technique using Alamouti codes applied to the 3G evolution. The delays introduced by HARQ retransmission decrease the performance of the HSDPA system. Multi-antenna techniques are specifically applied to HSDPA to avoid HARQ retransmissions. The authors demonstrate that space-time Rake detector in MIMO 2x2 based on Alamouti code without HARQ process could give better performances than MIMO 2x1 taking into account the HARQ context. In the case of MIMO 2x2,they also observed that the limit of retransmissions affects the system performance and efficiency. Using the generalized Alamouti coding technique in MIMO 4x4 with Multipath Parallel Interference Canceller (MPIC) detector, we achieve notable improvement of performance under the same channel and signal to-Noise Ratio (SNR) conditions.

Determination of the Best Emulsion for the Microscopy of Crystals

1981 ◽  
Vol 39 ◽  
pp. 32-33
Author(s):  
David A. Grano ◽  
Kenneth H. Downing
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Frequency ◽  
Information Transfer ◽  
Signal To Noise Ratio ◽  
Experimental Situation ◽  
Photographic Emulsion ◽  
Modulation Transfer ◽  
Signal To Noise ◽  
Frequency Space ◽  
Noise Ratio

The retrieval of high-resolution information from images of biological crystals depends, in part, on the use of the correct photographic emulsion. We have been investigating the information transfer properties of twelve emulsions with a view toward 1) characterizing the emulsions by a few, measurable quantities, and 2) identifying the “best” emulsion of those we have studied for use in any given experimental situation. Because our interests lie in the examination of crystalline specimens, we've chosen to evaluate an emulsion's signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) as a function of spatial frequency and use this as our critereon for determining the best emulsion.The signal-to-noise ratio in frequency space depends on several factors. First, the signal depends on the speed of the emulsion and its modulation transfer function (MTF). By procedures outlined in, MTF's have been found for all the emulsions tested and can be fit by an analytic expression 1/(1+(S/S0)2). Figure 1 shows the experimental data and fitted curve for an emulsion with a better than average MTF. A single parameter, the spatial frequency at which the transfer falls to 50% (S0), characterizes this curve.

scholarly journals In-Band OSNR Measurement Method for All-Optical Regenerators in Optical Domain

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (24) ◽  
pp. 5438
Author(s):  
Feng Wan ◽  
Baojian Wu ◽  
Feng Wen ◽  
Kun Qiu
Keyword(s):  
Measurement Method ◽  
Signal To Noise Ratio ◽  
Optical Signal ◽  
Error Vector Magnitude ◽  
Regeneration System ◽  
Data Rates ◽  
All Optical ◽  
Communication Links ◽  
Shift Keying ◽  
Nonlinear Devices

We propose an in-band measurement method of optical signal-to-noise ratio (OSNR) output from an all-optical regeneration system with a nonlinear power transfer function (PTF) according to the fact that there are different average gains of signal and noise. For the all-optical quadrature phase-shift keying (QPSK) regenerator as an example, the output OSNR is derived from the input OSNR and the total gain of the degraded QPSK signal. Our simulation shows that the OSNR results obtained by this method are in agreement with those calculated from the error vector magnitude (EVM) formula. The method presented here has good applicability for different data rates but is also useful for analyzing the OSNR degradation of other nonlinear devices in optical communication links.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document