scholarly journals Robustness to non-normality of various tests for the one-sample location problem

2004 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 235-246 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michelle K. McDougall ◽  
Glen D. Rayner
Keyword(s):  
Location Problem ◽  
Simulated Data ◽  
Sign Test ◽  
Rank Test ◽  
Power Functions ◽  
Signed Rank ◽  
Signed Rank Test ◽  
The One ◽  
Skewness And Kurtosis ◽  
Distribution Assumption

This paper studies the effect of the normal distribution assumption on the power and size of the sign test, Wilcoxon's signed rank test and the t-test when used in one-sample location problems. Power functions for these tests under various skewness and kurtosis conditions are produced for several sample sizes from simulated data using the g-and-k distribution of MacGillivray and Cannon [5].

scholarly journals Robustness to non-normality of common tests for the many-sample location problem

2003 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 187-206 ◽  
Author(s):  
Azmeri Khan ◽  
Glen D. Rayner
Keyword(s):  
Normal Distribution ◽  
Location Problem ◽  
Simulated Data ◽  
Power Functions ◽  
Test Procedures ◽  
The Many ◽  
Independent Parameters ◽  
Skewness And Kurtosis ◽  
Distribution Assumption ◽  
Location Test

This paper studies the effect of deviating from the normal distribution assumption when considering the power of two many-sample location test procedures: ANOVA (parametric) and Kruskal-Wallis (non-parametric). Power functions for these tests under various conditions are produced using simulation, where the simulated data are produced using MacGillivray and Cannon's [10] recently suggested g-and-k distribution. This distribution can provide data with selected amounts of skewness and kurtosis by varying two nearly independent parameters.

scholarly journals MENGURANGI AGRESI VERBAL SISWA MELALUI TEKNIK SOSIODRAMA (Studi Eskperimen kelas VII MTs Islamic Center Nahdlatul Wathan Batam)

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tamama Rofiqah
Keyword(s):  
Rank Test ◽  
Signed Rank ◽  
Wilcoxon Signed Rank Test ◽  
Signed Rank Test ◽  
The One

Teknik sosiodrama merupakan pemberian bantuan kepada siswa yang memiliki permasalahan dalam hubungan sosial dengan cara membentuk sebuah kelompok dan permasalahannya akan diselesaikan dengan bermain peran. Dengan mengikuti teknik sosiodrama ini siswa diharapkan dapat meningkatkan keterampilan dalam bertingkah laku dan bersosial. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui apakah teknik sosiodrama dapat mengurangi perilaku agresi verbal siswa. Jenis penelitian ini adalah penelitian eksperimen dengan rancangan Pre-Eskperimen ( The One Group Pretest-Posttest Design). Penelitian dilakukan di MTs Islamic Center Nahdlatul Wathan dengan sampel penelitian sebanyak 20 orang. Instrument yang digunakan adalah angket skala likert. Data dianalisis dengan menggunakan rumus Wilcoxon Signed Rank Test. Temuan penelitian menunjukkan bahwa secara umum perilaku agresi verbal siswa dapat dikurangi melalui penerapan teknik sosiodrama. Oleh karena itu, salah satu cara yang dapat digunakan oleh guru BK dalam menangani siswa yang berperilaku agresi adalah dengan menerapkan teknik sosiodrama.

scholarly journals Paediatric ED utilisation in the early phase of the COVID-19 pandemic

2020 ◽  
pp. emermed-2020-210124 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lois Lee ◽  
Rebekah Mannix ◽  
Romain Guedj ◽  
Shu-Ling Chong ◽  
Sidney Sunwoo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Intensive Care Unit ◽  
Rank Test ◽  
Patient Volume ◽  
Icu Admission ◽  
Time Period ◽  
Signed Rank ◽  
Wilcoxon Signed Rank Test ◽  
Signed Rank Test ◽  
Varied Response ◽  
The One

BackgroundPast epidemics, including influenza, have resulted in increased paediatric patient volume in EDs. During the early weeks of the COVID-19 pandemic, it was unclear how ED volume would be impacted in paediatric hospitals. The objective of this study was to examine differences in the international experience of paediatric ED utilisation and disposition at five different children’s hospitals.MethodsWe obtained data on ED volume, acuity level and disposition (hospitalisation and intensive care unit (ICU) admission) for the time period 1 December1–10 August for the years 2017–2020 from hospitals in five cities (Boston, Massachusetts, USA; Singapore; Melbourne, Australia; Seattle, Washington, USA; and Paris, France). Per cent change was analysed using paired t-tests or Wilcoxon signed rank test.ResultsOverall ED volume dramatically decreased in all five hospitals during the early months of COVID-19 compared with prior years. There was a more varied response of decreases in ED volume by acuity level, hospitalisation and ICU admission among the five hospitals. The one exception was a 2% increase in ICU admissions in Paris. As of August 2020, all hospitals have demonstrated increases in ED volume; however, they are still below baseline.ConclusionPaediatric EDs in these five cities demonstrated differential decreases of ED volume by acuity and disposition during the early months of the COVID-19 pandemic.

scholarly journals Meeting a person with pedophilia: Attitudes towards pedophilia among psychology students: A pilot study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rebecca L. Heron ◽  
Lena Schwiekert ◽  
Julie Karsten
Keyword(s):  
Pilot Study ◽  
Direct Contact ◽  
Psychology Students ◽  
Rank Test ◽  
Sex Offenses ◽  
Punitive Attitudes ◽  
Signed Rank ◽  
Signed Rank Test ◽  
Students Attitudes ◽  
The One

AbstractPeople with pedophilia (PWP) are highly stigmatized. Public opinion is strongly pre-consolidated – it is often assumed that every PWP commits child sex offenses. This presumption not only affects PWP negatively. Research suggests that this stigmatization may cohere with PWP actually committing child sex offenses. Various recent studies have investigated different kinds of anti-stigma interventions and their effectiveness. Direct contact to a PWP has not yet been investigated. The present pilot study aimed at finding out whether a dichotomous anti-stigma intervention can change psychology students’ attitudes towards PWP regarding perceived dangerousness, intentionality, deviance, and punitive attitudes. In a one sample pre-post design, we presented 162 students of the University of Groningen with both an educational lecture and direct contact to a PWP. Participants learned about child sex offending and pedophilia. Then, Gabriel, a PWP shared his experiences about growing up, coping, and living with pedophilia. Results of the one-sample Wilcoxon signed-rank test revealed significantly diminished negative attitudes towards PWP after the intervention. Students perceived PWP as less dangerous, having less intent, and being less psychologically deviant. Additionally, students’ punitive attitudes towards PWP diminished significantly. Also, a thematic analysis revealed that students were highly interested in the topic of pedophilia and greatly appreciative of Gabriel sharing his story. This pilot study was the first to provide evidence for the effectiveness of a combination of an educational lecture and direct contact to a PWP as an anti-stigma intervention.

scholarly journals On zeroes in sign and signed rank tests

2019 ◽  
pp. 319-328
Author(s):  
Rajarshi Dey ◽  
Justin Manjourides ◽  
Ronald H Randles
Keyword(s):  
Nonparametric Methods ◽  
Sign Test ◽  
Rank Test ◽  
Rank Tests ◽  
P Values ◽  
Testing Hypotheses ◽  
Signed Rank ◽  
Methods Textbooks ◽  
Signed Rank Test

When zeroes (or ties within pairs) occur in data being analyzed with a sign test or a signed rank test, nonparametric methods textbooks and software consistently recommend that the zeroes be deleted and the data analyzed as though zeroes did not exist. This advice is not consistent with the objectives of the majority of applications. In most settings a better approach would be to view the tests as testing hypotheses about a population median. There are relatively simple p-values available that are consistent with this viewpoint of the tests. These methods produce tests with good properties for testing a different (often more appropriate) set of hypotheses than those addressed by tests that delete the zeroes.

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