Abstract B05: Self-assembling platinum-acridine loaded carbon nanotubes for triple-negative breast cancer chemotherapy

Author(s):  
Cale D. Fahrenholtz ◽  
Song Ding ◽  
Brian W. Bernish ◽  
Mariah Wright ◽  
Ulrich Bierbach ◽  
...  
2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Antonio Rampoldi ◽  
Adriana Harbuzariu ◽  
Tia L. Harmon ◽  
Ruben R. Gonzalez-Perez

2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Daud Akhtar ◽  
Ahsen Chaudhry

Triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) is a subtype of breast cancer which lacks ER, PR, and HER2 expression. It is characterized by poor prognosis and resistance to standard treatment forms for breast cancer. Chemotherapy is still currently the core neo-adjuvant treatment option for patients with TNBC, although it has mixed levels of efficacy on overall survival and many serious side effects. Platinum- based therapies have been used to treat TNBC in conjunction with chemotherapy, but they are not a widely effective treatment due to the heterogeneity of TNBC. For this reason, other novel approaches, particularly those which target molecular components involved in TNBC pathogenesis, are being investigated. Angiogenesis inhibitors, which include monoclonal antibodies or small molecules that inhibit VEGF, have been shown to improve progression-free survival, but have not demonstrated an impact on overall survival. PARP enzyme inhibitors, when combined with chemotherapy and carboplatin for the treatment of TNBC, have demonstrated a significant reduction in risk progression and mortality. However, the majority of PARP inhibitors are still in trials and their effectiveness in clini- cal settings has yet to be determined. Additional proposed targets for directed therapy against TNBC include cell signalling pathways involving EGFR or PI3K. Overall, issues such as treatment resistance and side effects are important challenges that must be overcome in order to enable improvements in patient prognosis and clinical impact. RÉSUMÉ Le cancer du sein triple négatif (CSTN) est un sous-type de cancer du sein auquel il manque les récepteurs d’œstrogènes (ER), les récepteurs de progestérone (PR) et l’expression de HER2. Il est caractérisé par un pronostic défavorable et une résistance aux traite- ments standards du cancer du sein. À l’heure actuelle, la chimiothérapie est encore l’option principale de traitement néoadjuvant pour les patients ayant le CSTN, bien qu’elle ait des niveaux variés d’efficacité sur la survie globale, ainsi que de nombreux effets secondaires sérieux. Les thérapies à base de platine ont été utilisées pour traiter le CSTN en conjonction avec la chimiothérapie, mais elles ne sont pas très efficaces étant donné l’hétérogénéité du CSTN. En raison de cela, d’autres approches novatrices, particulièrement celles qui ciblent les composantes moléculaires impliquées dans la pathogenèse du CSTN, font actuellement l’objet d’enquêtes. Les inhibiteurs de l’angiogenèse, dont les anticorps monoclonaux ou les petites molécules inhibant le VEGF, ont démontré la capacité d’améliorer la survie sans progression de la maladie, mais n’ont pas démontré d’impact sur la survie globale. Les inhibiteurs d’enzymes PARP, lorsque combinés avec la chimiothérapie et le carboplatine pour le traitement du CSTN, ont démontré une réduction significative du risque de progression et de la mortalité. Toutefois, la majorité des inhibiteurs PARP subissent encore des essais et leur efficacité clinique reste à être déterminée. D’autres cibles suggérées pour la thérapie dirigée contre le CSTN incluent les voies de signalisation impliquant le EGFR ou le PI3K. Dans l’ensemble, des problèmes tels la résistance au traitement et les effets secondaires sont des défis importants qui doivent être surmontés afin de permettre des améliorations au niveau du pronostic du patient et de l’impact clinique. 


Author(s):  
Kamal Basri Siregar ◽  
Tjakra Wibawa Manuaba ◽  
Muhammad Nadjib Dahlan Lubis ◽  
Rosita Juwita Sembiring

  Objectives: This study will examine the expression of caspase-3 and apoptotic index (AI) in triple negative breast cancer (TNBC). By knowing the non-responsiveness effect earlier, adverse effects of chemotherapy can be avoided.Methods: This prospective cohort study has been approved by the local Ethics Committee. A total of 60 consent TNBC patients from Haji Adam Malik General Hospital and Bunda Thamrin Hospital were included in the study. Patients with heart, kidney, liver disease, history of surgery, chemotherapy, or hormonal therapy were excluded. Samples were analyzed immunohistochemically by monoclonal antibodies to assess caspase 3 and AI. Clinical chemotherapy response is determined as a positive or negative response based on Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors.Results: The results of this study indicated that caspase 3 was increased post-chemotherapy but could not predict the clinical response of chemotherapy. Caspase-3 post-chemotherapy (5.27±1.27 pg/mL) compared to pre-chemotherapy (4.60±1.09 pg/mL) increased significantly (p=0.003) by 0.67±1.66 pg/mL but no difference was found in AI score (p=0.819). Neither caspase 3 nor the AI were associated with a clinical chemotherapy response (p=0.514 and p=0.993, subsequently).Conclusion: Further research with larger samples is needed to determine the role and pathway of chemotherapy induced caspase 3 rise.


Pharmaceutics ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 228 ◽  
Author(s):  
Madalina Badea ◽  
Mariana Prodana ◽  
Anca Dinischiotu ◽  
Carmen Crihana ◽  
Daniela Ionita ◽  
...  

In this paper we developed a method for multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) use as carriers for a drug based on platinum in breast cancer therapy. The method of functionalization involves the carboxyl functionalization of nanotubes and encapsulation of cisplatin (CDDP) into MWCNTs. The biological properties of MWCNTs loaded with CDDP (MWCNT-COOH-CDDP) and of individual components MWCNT-COOH and free CDDP were evaluated on MDA-MB-231 cells. Various concentrations of CDDP (0.316–2.52 µg/mL) and MWCNTs (0.5–4 µg/mL) were applied on cells for 24 and 48 h. Only at high doses of CDDP (1.26 and 2.52 µg/mL) and MWCNT-COOH-CDDP (2 and 4 µg/mL) cell morphological changes were observed. The cellular viability decreased only with approx. 40% after 48 h of exposure to 2.52 µg/mL CDDP and 4 µg/mL MWCNT-COOH-CDDP despite the high reactive oxygen species (ROS) production induced by MWCNTs starting with 24 h. After 48 h, ROS level dropped as a result of the antioxidant defence activation. We also found a significant decrease of caspase-3 and p53 expression after 48 h, accompanied by a down-regulation of NF-κB in cells exposed to MWCNT-COOH-CDDP system which promotes apoptosis escape and thus failing to overcome the triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) cells resistance.


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