Quantitative Electroencephalography and Regional Cerebral Blood Flow: Discriminant Analysis between Alzheimer’s Patients and Healthy Controls

Abstract Objective To identify regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) differences between individuals with Obsessive–Compulsive Disorder (OCD) and healthy controls. Mehtods: Healthy controls (n = 81, Mage = 41.9, 53.0% female, 42.0% Caucasian) and persons diagnosed by psychiatric examination with OCD (n = 1020, Mage = 34.8, 33.6% female, 66.3% Caucasian) were selected from a deidentified adult clinical outpatient database. Those with comorbid diagnoses were included. Significant differences (alpha = 0.001) were found for age [t(1099) = −4.4], gender [χ2(2) = 25.7], and race [χ2(12) = 30.1] between groups and therefore were controlled for. Significant rCBF differences were noted in the cerebellum [left:F(1,1096) = 21.6; right:F(1,1096) = 18.3], limbic system [left:F(1,1096) = 12.2; right:F(1,1096) = 10.4], and basal ganglia [left:F(1,1096) = 18.6; right:F(1,1096) = 18.3]. Results Group means comparisons indicated higher perfusion in the cerebellum for the OCD group. Lower perfusion was found in the limbic system and basal ganglia in the OCD group. This study found higher perfusion in the cerebellum among the OCD group. Previous research found increased rCBF in the left cerebellum in OCD before pharmacotherapy. In the right cerebellum, increased rCBF was found among participants with early-onset OCD. Conclusion Overall, there is limited research on the cerebellum because of its use as a reference point. No research was found regarding the limbic system in OCD using SPECT; however, other neuroimaging found increased amygdala reactivity to emotional face stimuli. This study found lower perfusion in the basal ganglia among the OCD group. Previous research found hypoperfusion in the right; however, hypoperfusion in the left was not significant. Updated OCD and rCBF research with SPECT are needed. Limitations included the inclusion of comorbidities and use of DSM-IV-TR rather than DSM-5 diagnosis criteria.

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Regional cerebral blood flow as predictor of response to occipital nerve block in cluster headache

The Journal of Headache and Pain ◽

10.1186/s10194-021-01304-9 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 22 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Sonia Medina ◽

Norazah Abu Bakar ◽

Owen O’Daly ◽

Sarah Miller ◽

Elena Makovac ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Blood Flow ◽

Cerebral Blood Flow ◽

Cluster Headache ◽

Treatment Response ◽

Regional Cerebral Blood Flow ◽

Occipital Cortex ◽

Healthy Controls ◽

Regional Cerebral Blood ◽

Occipital Nerve ◽

Middle Temporal

Abstract Background Cluster headache is an excruciating disorder with no cure. Greater occipital nerve blockades can transiently suppress attacks in approximately 50% of patients, however, its mechanism of action remains uncertain, and there are no reliable predictors of treatment response. To address this, we investigated the effect of occipital nerve blockade on regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF), an index of brain activity, and differences between treatment responders and non-responders. Finally, we compared baseline perfusion maps from patients to a matched group of healthy controls. Methods 21 male, treatment-naive patients were recruited while in a cluster headache bout. During a pain-free phase between headaches, patients underwent pseudo-continuous arterial spin labelled MRI assessments to provide quantitative indices of rCBF. MRIs were performed prior to and 7-to-21 days following treatment. Patients also recorded the frequency of their headache attacks in a daily paper diary. Neuropsychological assessment including anxiety, depression and quality of life measures was performed in a first, scanning free session for each patient. Results Following treatment, patients demonstrated relative rCBF reductions in posterior temporal gyrus, cerebellum and caudate, and rCBF increases in occipital cortex. Responders demonstrated relative rCBF increases, compared to non-responders, in medial prefrontal cortex and lateral occipital cortex at baseline, but relative reductions in cingulate and middle temporal cortices. rCBF was increased in patients compared to healthy controls in cerebellum and hippocampus, but reduced in orbitofrontal cortex, insula and middle temporal gyrus. Conclusions We provide new mechanistic insights regarding the aetiology of cluster headache, the mechanisms of action of occipital nerve blockades and potential predictors of treatment response. Future investigation should determine whether observed effects are reproducible and extend to other headache disorders.

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Analysis of Regional Cerebral Blood Flow Data to Discriminate among Alzheimer's Disease, Frontotemporal Dementia, and Elderly Controls: A Multi-Block Barycentric Discriminant Analysis (MUBADA) Methodology

Journal of Alzheimer s Disease ◽

10.3233/jad-2012-112111 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 31 (s3) ◽

pp. S189-S201 ◽

Cited By ~ 14

Author(s):

Hervé Abdi ◽

Lynne J. Williams ◽

Derek Beaton ◽

Mette T. Posamentier ◽

Thomas S. Harris ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Alzheimer’S Disease ◽

Alzheimer's Disease ◽

Blood Flow ◽

Cerebral Blood Flow ◽

Discriminant Analysis ◽

Frontotemporal Dementia ◽

Regional Cerebral Blood Flow ◽

Flow Data ◽

Regional Cerebral Blood

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Regional Cerebral Blood Flow Abnormalities in Neurosyphilis: A Pilot SPECT Study

Frontiers in Neurology ◽

10.3389/fneur.2021.726006 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 12 ◽

Author(s):

Jooyeon J. Im ◽

Hyeonseok Jeong ◽

Young Do Kim ◽

Kyung-Sool Jang ◽

In-Uk Song ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Blood Flow ◽

Cerebral Blood Flow ◽

Regional Cerebral Blood Flow ◽

Photon Emission ◽

Case Series ◽

Emission Computed Tomography ◽

Healthy Controls ◽

Regional Cerebral Blood ◽

Clinical Dementia Rating ◽

Posterior Cingulate

Objective: Clinical and radiological findings on neurosyphilis are fairly non-specific and there is a paucity of functional neuroimaging studies on neurosyphilis other than case reports and case series. The purpose of this study was to investigate brain perfusion abnormalities in patients with neurosyphilis.Methods: Four HIV-negative neurosyphilis patients and 4 healthy controls underwent clinical evaluation, brain technetium-99m ethyl cysteinate dimer (99mTc-ECD) single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) imaging, and neuropsychological assessments which included the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE), Clinical Dementia Rating (CDR), Clinical Dementia Rating—Sum of Boxes (CDR-SOB), and Global Deterioration Scale (GDS). Voxel-wise differences in regional cerebral blood flow were compared between the two groups.Results: Neuropsychological test results indicated cognitive impairment in all patients. SPECT analysis revealed multifocal hypoperfusion predominantly in the frontal, insular, and posterior cingulate regions in neurosyphilis patients compared with healthy controls (family-wise error corrected p < 0.05).Conclusions: Together with previous findings, our results suggest that the hypoperfusion in the frontal, insular, and posterior cingulate regions may reflect cognitive impairments observed in neurosyphilis patients. Further studies with larger samples are needed to confirm our findings.

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Accuracy of 133-xenon regional cerebral blood flow and quantitative electroencephalography in systemic lupus erythematosus

Lupus ◽

10.1177/096120339600500203 ◽

1996 ◽

Vol 5 (2) ◽

pp. 93-102 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

F. Nobili ◽

G. Rodriguez ◽

A. Arrigo ◽

BM Stubinski ◽

E. Rossi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Systemic Lupus Erythematosus ◽

Blood Flow ◽

Cerebral Blood Flow ◽

Lupus Erythematosus ◽

Regional Cerebral Blood Flow ◽

Quantitative Electroencephalography ◽

Regional Cerebral Blood ◽

Systemic Lupus

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A-098 Regional Cerebral Blood Flow in Adults with Autism

Archives of Clinical Neuropsychology ◽

10.1093/arclin/acaa068.098 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 35 (6) ◽

pp. 891-891

Author(s):

Mcdonald B ◽

Golden C ◽

Willeumier K ◽

Amen D

Keyword(s):

Autism Spectrum Disorder ◽

Blood Flow ◽

Cerebral Blood Flow ◽

Basal Ganglia ◽

Regional Cerebral Blood Flow ◽

Autism Spectrum ◽

Spectrum Disorder ◽

Healthy Controls ◽

Regional Cerebral Blood ◽

Motor Behaviors

Abstract Objective To identify regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) differences between individuals with Autism Spectrum Disorder and healthy controls. Method Healthy controls [n = 81, Mage = 41.9, 53.0% female] and persons diagnosed by psychiatric examination with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) [n = 62, Mage = 29.8, 75.8% male] were selected from a deidentified adult clinical outpatient database. Those with comorbid diagnoses were included. Significant differences (alpha = .001) were found for gender [χ(2) = 13.4] and age [t(141) = −4.8] between groups. Multiple ANCOVA controlled for gender and age on outcomes of rCBF across 17 brain regions from Single-Photon Emission Computed Tomography (SPECT) were analyzed. Results Significant rCBF differences were noted in the cerebellum [left:F(1,143) = 9.43, p = .003; right: F(1,143) = 14.2, p < .001] and basal ganglia [left:F(1,143) = 8.2,p = .005; right:F(1,143) = 10.3, p = .002]. Group means comparisons indicated higher perfusion in the cerebellum and lower perfusion in the basal ganglia in the group with ASD. No significant differences were found bilaterally in limbic system, motor sensory strip, vermis, or occipital, parietal, frontal, or temporal lobes. Conclusion Results indicated that individuals diagnosed with ASD have diminished rCBF in the basal ganglia and increased rCBF in the cerebellum. Previous research supports these conclusions, as the basal ganglia is linked with repetitive and/or restricted motor behaviors, and the cerebellum aids in understanding gross motor and coordination in ASD, as well as social interactions, and language and communication. By understanding the underlying mechanisms of ASD, interventions focused on sensory-motor abilities, such as sensory enrichment (Woo and Leon, 2013), can show a decrease in motor behaviors and improve cognition. Future studies should control for potential comorbidities, the severity of ASD, and medication usage.

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Regional Cerebral Blood Flow As Predictor Of Response To Occipital Nerve Block In Cluster Headache

10.21203/rs.3.rs-65847/v1 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Sonia Medina Hernandez ◽

Norazah Abu Bakar ◽

Owen O'Daly ◽

Elena Makovac ◽

Sarah Miller ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Blood Flow ◽

Cerebral Blood Flow ◽

Cluster Headache ◽

Treatment Response ◽

Regional Cerebral Blood Flow ◽

Occipital Cortex ◽

Healthy Controls ◽

Regional Cerebral Blood ◽

Occipital Nerve ◽

Middle Temporal

Abstract Background: Cluster headache is an excruciating disorder with no cure. Greater occipital nerve blockades can transiently suppress attacks in approximately 50% of patients, however, its mechanism of action remains uncertain, and there are no reliable predictors of treatment response. To address this, we investigated the effect of occipital nerve blockade on regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF), an index of brain activity, and differences between treatment responders and non-responders. Finally, we compared baseline perfusion maps from patients to a matched group of healthy controls. Methods: 21 male, treatment-naive patients were recruited while in a cluster headache bout. During a pain-free phase between headaches, patients underwent pseudo-continuous arterial spin labelled MRI assessments to provide quantitative indices of rCBF. MRIs were performed prior to and 8-to-22 days following treatment. Patients also recorded the frequency of their headache attacks in a daily paper diary. Neuropsychological assessment including anxiety, depression and quality of life measures was performed in a first, scanning free session for each patient. Results: Following treatment, patients demonstrated relative rCBF reductions in posterior temporal gyrus, cerebellum and caudate, and rCBF increases in occipital cortex. Responders demonstrated relative rCBF increases, compared to non-responders, in medial prefrontal cortex and lateral occipital cortex at baseline, but relative reductions in cingulate and middle temporal cortices. rCBF was increased in patients compared to healthy controls in cerebellum and hippocampus, but reduced in orbitofrontal cortex, insula and middle temporal gyrus. Conclusions: We provide new mechanistic insights regarding the aetiology of cluster headache, the mechanisms of action of occipital nerve blockades and potential predictors of treatment response. Future investigation should determine whether observed effects are reproducible and extend to other headache disorders.

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Regional Cerebral Blood Flow in Obsessive-Compulsive Disordered Patients at Rest

The British Journal of Psychiatry ◽

10.1192/bjp.167.5.629 ◽

1995 ◽

Vol 167 (5) ◽

pp. 629-634 ◽

Cited By ~ 86

Author(s):

James V. Lucey ◽

Durval C. Costa ◽

Tomas Blanes ◽

Geraldo F. Busatto ◽

Lyn S. Pilowsky ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Blood Flow ◽

Cerebral Blood Flow ◽

Frontal Cortex ◽

Regional Cerebral Blood Flow ◽

Healthy Controls ◽

Regional Cerebral Blood ◽

Obsessive Compulsive ◽

Compulsive Disorder ◽

Inferior Frontal Cortex ◽

The Right

BackgroundWe tested whether cortical and subcortical regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) differs between patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) and healthy controls. We then explored the relationship between rCBF and OCD mental state.MethodThirty out-patients from the Maudsley Hospital with OCD as defined in DSM–III–R were scanned at rest using brain-dedicated, high-resolution, single photon emission tomography. RCBF was measured as uptake of 99mTc-HMPAO in 15 regions of interest and compared with rCBF data in 30 healthy people matched for age, sex and handedness. Symptom ratings were obtained using standard measures on the scanning day. Principal components factor analysis identified two distinct clinical dimensions: obsessive–compulsive (OC) and anxious–avoidant (AA). These were correlated with patients' rCBF measurements, using Spearman's rank correlation coefficient, and multiple regression coefficients calculated.ResultsWe found significant reductions in rCBF measurements of OCD patients compared with resting, healthy controls (F = 1.92, P = 0.04) in seven brain regions: the right and left superior frontal cortex, right inferior frontal cortex, left temporal cortex, left parietal cortex, right caudate nucleus and right thalamus. Regional differences were not secondary to generalised reduction in patients' brain perfusion. Reduced blood flow to the right inferior frontal cortex correlated significantly with illness severity (r = 0.37, P = 0.02). There was no relationship with age, age-of-onset, sex, handedness, depression or medication status. OC clinical dimension, concerning obsessions, compulsions and low mood, was significantly negatively correlated with left inferior frontal, medial frontal and right parietal rCBF. AA dimension, concerning anxiety and avoidance, was significantly positively associated with left and right superior frontal, right inferior frontal, medial frontal cortical, and right and left caudate and thalamic rCBF.ConclusionsrCBF differs significantly between resting OCD patients and healthy controls, and separate clinical dimensions are associated with functionally distinct rCBF patterns.

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