Effects of Cigarette Smoking Intensity on the Mucociliary Clearance of Active Smokers

We analyzed data from a longitudinal cohort study of persons who inject drugs (PWID) in Tijuana, Mexico, to explore whether cigarette smoking increases the risk of interferon gamma release assay (IGRA) conversion. PWID were recruited using respondent driven sampling (RDS). QuantiFERON-TB Gold In-Tube (QFT) assay conversion was defined as interferon-gamma concentrations <0.35 IU/mL at baseline and ≥0.7 IU/mL at 18 months. We used multivariable Poisson regression adjusted for RDS weights to estimate risk ratios (RRs). Of 129 eligible participants, 125 (96.9%) smoked at least one cigarette during followup with a median of 11 cigarettes smoked daily, and 52 (40.3%) had QFT conversion. In bivariate analysis, QFT conversion was not associated with the number of cigarettes smoked daily (P=0.716). Controlling for age, gender, education, and alcohol use, the RRs of QFT conversion for smoking 6–10, 11–15, and ≥16 cigarettes daily compared to smoking 0–5 cigarettes daily were 0.9 (95% confidence interval (CI), 0.5–1.6), 0.5 (95% CI, 0.3–1.2), and 0.7 (95% CI, 0.3–1.6), respectively. Although this study did not find an association between self-reported smoking intensity and QFT conversion, it was not powered sufficiently to negate such an association. Larger longitudinal studies are needed to fully explore this relationship.

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Smoking Intensity and Associated Factors among Male Smokers in Ethiopia: Further Analysis of 2016 Ethiopian Demographic and Health Survey

BioMed Research International ◽

10.1155/2020/4141370 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 2020 ◽

pp. 1-7

Author(s):

Simegnew Handebo ◽

Setognal Birara ◽

Ayenew Kassie ◽

Adane Nigusie ◽

Wallelign Aleminew

Keyword(s):

Cigarette Smoking ◽

Health Survey ◽

Rural Areas ◽

Associated Factors ◽

Negative Binomial ◽

Demographic And Health Survey ◽

Eastern Ethiopia ◽

Smoking Intensity ◽

Drunk Alcohol ◽

Selection Of

Background. Smoking invariably has health, social, economic, and environmental consequences in Ethiopia. Reducing and quitting cigarette smoking improves individual health and increases available household funds for food, education, and better economic productivity. Therefore, this study is aimed at assessing cigarette smoking intensity and associated factors among male smokers in Ethiopia. Methods. The data were extracted from the 2016 national cross-sectional Ethiopian Demographic and Health Survey. Our study used data from the standardized and adapted men’s questionnaire. The study included a total of 391 (weighted) smokers who at least smoked one manufactured cigarette per day. The data were collected using a two-stage cluster design which includes selection of enumeration areas and then selection of households. The number of manufactured cigarettes smokers smoked per day was used to measure smoking intensity. Descriptive statistics were used to summarize the study findings. Bivariable and multivariable truncated negative binomial Poisson regression models were employed to determine smoking intensity. Results. The finding showed that on average men smoked weighted nine cigarettes per day. One in every five of the smokers (21.2%) smoked 10 cigarettes per day. Smokers living in rural areas (IRR=0.43, 95% CI: 0.244, 0.756), currently married (IRR=0.64, 95% CI: 0.46, 0.91), formerly married (IRR=0.54, 95% CI: 0.30, 0.96), richer men (IRR=0.63, 95% CI: 0.43, 0.90), and richest men (IRR=0.49, 95% CI: 0.28, 0.87) were associated with lower smoking intensity. Smokers in the Somali (IRR=2.80, 95% CI: 1.29, 6.11), Harari (IRR=3.46, 95% CI: 1.14, 10.51), and Dire Dawa (IRR=3.09, 95% CI: 1.23, 7.80) regions; older age (IRR=1.77, 95% CI: 1.31, 2.40); affiliated with Protestant religion (IRR=1.81, 95% CI: 1.12, 2.92); poorer men (IRR=1.64, 95% CI: 1.19, 2.27); watched television (IRR=1.18, 95% CI: 1.04, 1.35); drunk alcohol (IRR=1.37, 95% CI: 1.03, 1.82); and completed primary (IRR=1.15, 95% CI: 1.01, 0.317) and higher education (IRR=2.96, 95% CI: 1.88, 4.67) were positively associated with smoking intensity. Conclusion. Male smokers in Ethiopia smoked intensively with an average of nine manufactured cigarettes per day. Tobacco control interventions should target the following: Eastern Ethiopia regions, older aged, affiliated with Protestant religion, poorer men, watched television, drunk alcohol, and primary and higher educational level.

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Association between Intention to Quit Cigarette Smoking and Use of Heated Tobacco Products: Application of Smoking Intensity Perspective on Heated Tobacco Product Users

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health ◽

10.3390/ijerph17228471 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 17 (22) ◽

pp. 8471

Author(s):

Dong-Hee Ryu ◽

Soon-Woo Park ◽

Jun Hyun Hwang

Keyword(s):

Cigarette Smoking ◽

Tobacco Product ◽

Intention To Quit ◽

Multivariable Logistic Regression Model ◽

Tobacco Products ◽

Complete Replacement ◽

Smoking Intensity ◽

Community Health Survey ◽

Current Cigarette ◽

The Relationship

Tobacco companies have designed sophisticated marketing strategies for heated tobacco products (HTPs), and many smokers are exposed to advertisements purporting that HTPs can replace combustible cigarettes. The present study evaluates the relationship between poly-use of tobacco products and intention to quit cigarette smoking in association with smoking intensity, a meaningful indication of one’s interest in quitting cigarette smoking. A total of 36,397 current cigarette smokers who participated in the 2019 Korea Community Health Survey were evaluated. A multivariable logistic regression model was designed. Additionally, smoking-intensity-stratified analyses were conducted. A total of 4.7% of the participants reported planning to quit cigarette smoking within one month. Current dual users of combustible cigarettes and HTPs presented no significantly increased likelihood of intention to quit cigarette smoking regardless of cigarette-smoking intensity. By contrast, light and heavy daily smokers who accompanied e-cigarette use presented significant adjusted odds ratios (aORs) of 1.81 (95% confidence interval (CI): 1.04–3.14) and 1.97 (95% CI: 1.14–3.42), respectively. Occasional and daily smokers who reported using both HTPs and e-cigarettes presented no significance. The results of the present study suggested that a complete replacement of combustible cigarettes with HTPs was unlikely.

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Smokefree home rules and cigarette smoking intensity among smokers in different stages of smoking cessation from 20 low-and-middle income countries

Preventive Medicine ◽

10.1016/j.ypmed.2020.106000 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 132 ◽

pp. 106000 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Daniel Owusu ◽

Megan Quinn ◽

Kesheng Wang ◽

Faustine Williams ◽

Hadii M. Mamudu

Keyword(s):

Smoking Cessation ◽

Cigarette Smoking ◽

Middle Income ◽

Smoking Intensity ◽

Middle Income Countries ◽

Low And Middle Income

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P6136Intense daily cigarette smoking accelerates vascular damage of smokers with a moderate cumulative tobacco smoke exposure

European Heart Journal ◽

10.1093/eurheartj/ehz746.0743 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 40 (Supplement_1) ◽

Author(s):

N Ioakeimidis ◽

C Vlachopoulos ◽

C Georgakopoulos ◽

D Terentes-Printzios ◽

I Koutagiar ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cigarette Smoking ◽

Tobacco Smoke ◽

Vascular Function ◽

Smoke Exposure ◽

Tobacco Smoke Exposure ◽

Smoking History ◽

Daily Smoking ◽

Microvascular Damage ◽

Smoking Intensity ◽

Smoking Exposure

Abstract Purpose Coronary artery disease death has been associated with increased cigarette smoking intensity. Aim of the study is to investigate the impact of cigarette smoking intensity on vascular function and structure changes among male smokers with similar age at starting smoking and moderate cumulative tobacco smoke exposure. Methods Indices of vascular function and structure including carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity (PWV), brachial flow-mediated dilation (bFMD), carotid intima media thickness (cIMT) and microvascular damage (penile vasculature) were measured in 118 smokers consuming up to 1 pack (20 cigarettes)/day and 58 patients smoking >1 pack (20 cigarettes)/day. The two groups had a similar mean cigarette smoking exposure (32 pack/years). Microvascular damage was examined by measuring penile peak systolic velocity (PSV) with a dynamic penile color Doppler ultrasonography after intracavernous injection of prostanglandin E1. Lower PSV values indicate severe penile vascular disease. Results The individuals smoking more than 1 pack/day were 10 years younger than smokers consuming up to 1 pack/day, however systolic, diastolic blood pressure, body-mass index, fasting blood glucose levels, lipid profile, C-reactive protein and total testosterone concentration were similar between the two groups. Figure shows mean bFMD, penile PSV, PWV and cIMT of the two groups. Interestingly, despite the similar cumulative smoking exposure between the two groups, the younger in age individuals with the intense cigarette smoking history had significantly lower mean bFMD and penile PSV (all P<0.05) and similar PWV and cIMT compared to the mean values of older subjects smoking up to 1 pack/day. Smoking intensity and vascular changes Conclusions Intense daily smoking accelerates damage of large arteries and significantly impairs microvascular and systemic endothelial function. Considering the predictive value of vascular biomarkers, the findings of this study imply the possibility that baseline daily smoking intensity could be a better summary measure of smoking-related cardiovascular risk among young heavy smokers, relative to total pack-years of smoking.

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Effect of cigarette smoking on nasal mucociliary clearance: A comparative analysis using saccharin test

Lung India ◽

10.4103/0970-2113.125894 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 31 (1) ◽

pp. 39 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

PrathibhaK Muthu ◽

Priscilla Johnson ◽

Senthil Kannan ◽

ManuKurian Baby

Keyword(s):

Comparative Analysis ◽

Cigarette Smoking ◽

Mucociliary Clearance ◽

Nasal Mucociliary Clearance

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Do the smoking intensity and duration, the years since quitting, the methodological quality and the year of publication of the studies affect the results of the meta-analysis on cigarette smoking and Acute Myeloid Leukemia (AML) in adults?

Critical Reviews in Oncology/Hematology ◽

10.1016/j.critrevonc.2016.01.003 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 99 ◽

pp. 376-388 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Vittoria Colamesta ◽

Silvia D'Aguanno ◽

Massimo Breccia ◽

Sara Bruffa ◽

Claudio Cartoni ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Acute Myeloid Leukemia ◽

Cigarette Smoking ◽

Myeloid Leukemia ◽

Methodological Quality ◽

Meta Analysis ◽

Smoking Intensity ◽

Acute Myeloid

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The relationship between cigarette smoking intensity and chronic mucus hypersecretion (CMH) at different ages within a nationally representative birth cohort

10.1183/13993003.congress-2015.pa1109 ◽

2015 ◽

Author(s):

James Allinson ◽

Rebecca Hardy ◽

Gavin Donaldson ◽

Seif Shaheen ◽

Diana Kuh ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cigarette Smoking ◽

Birth Cohort ◽

Mucus Hypersecretion ◽

Smoking Intensity ◽

Different Ages ◽

Nationally Representative ◽

The Relationship

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P6259Unfavourable vascular risk profile of smokers with testosterone deficiency

European Heart Journal ◽

10.1093/eurheartj/ehz746.0859 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 40 (Supplement_1) ◽

Author(s):

N Ioakeimidis ◽

C Vlachopoulos ◽

C Georgakopoulos ◽

A Angelis ◽

D Terentes-Printzios ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cigarette Smoking ◽

Vascular Function ◽

Stress Test ◽

Exercise Stress Test ◽

Intima Media Thickness ◽

Carotid Intima Media Thickness ◽

Exercise Stress ◽

Total Testosterone ◽

Testosterone Deficiency ◽

Smoking Intensity

Abstract Purpose Testosterone deficiency and cigarette smoking are both associated with increased cardiovascular (CV) mortality risk. We examined whether vascular function and structure parameters are significantly impaired in smokers with low testosterone levels. Methods Carotid intima media thickness (cIMT) and aortic pulse wave velocity (aPWV) were measured in a total of 690 patients (mean 58±7 yrs) without manifest CV/atherosclerotic disease. All patients underwent exercise stress test (and coronary angiography) to reveal coronary artery disease (CAD). Plasma total testosterone (TT) levels were measured in all patients. Results Participants were divided into four subgroups according to smoking (yes/no) and measured low or normal TT levels (low TT<3.5 ng/ml). The subgroups had similar prevalence of hypertension and smoking and comparable LDL-C levels. The mean age of patients with low TT was greater than that of subjects with normal TT (P<0.05). Aortic PWV was significantly higher in smokers with low TT compared to smokers with normal TT (P=0.01) and non-smokers with either low TT (P=0.005) or normal TT (P<0.001) (left plot). Similarly, cIMT was significantly higher in smokers with low TT compared to smokers with normal TT (P=0.01) and non-smokers with either low TT (P=0.005) or normal TT (P<0.001) (right plot). All associations remained statistically significant after adjustment for age. Among smokers with low TT both aPWV and cIMT significantly increased with increasing cigarette smoking intensity (all P<0.05), whereas the associations between smoking intensity and either aPWV or cIMT were not significant among smokers with normal TT concentration (all P=NS). Interestingly, the prevalence of angiographically documented CAD was significantly higher among smokers with low TT (18%) compared to the CAD prevalence of the three other subgroups (overall P<0.001). TT level, smoking and vascular profile Conclusions Carotid IMT and aortic PWV are significantly increased and the prevalence of angiographically documented CAD is greater in smokers with testosterone deficiency. Further studies should be conducted to evaluate how much of the unfavorable effect of both cigarette smoking and testosterone deficiency on coronary atherosclerotic burden is mediated by their associations with function and structure changes in the vascular wall.

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