3 Potassium Citrate for the Treatment of Calcium and Uric Acid Nephrolithiasis1

2015 ◽  
pp. 37-48
Keyword(s):  
Uric Acid ◽  
Potassium Citrate

Role of combined use of potassium citrate and tamsulosin in the management of uric acid distal ureteral calculi

2011 ◽  
Vol 40 (3) ◽  
pp. 219-224 ◽  
Author(s):  
Osama El-Gamal ◽  
Mohamed El-Bendary ◽  
Maged Ragab ◽  
Mohamed Rasheed
Keyword(s):  
Uric Acid ◽  
Potassium Citrate ◽  
Ureteral Calculi ◽  
Combined Use

scholarly journals Nephrolithiasis in gout: prevalence and characteristics of Brazilian patients

2019 ◽  
Vol 60 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Leonardo Santos Hoff ◽  
Claudia Goldenstein-Schainberg ◽  
Ricardo Fuller
Keyword(s):  
Uric Acid ◽  
Clinical History ◽  
Potassium Citrate ◽  
Male Gender ◽  
Inverse Association ◽  
Tertiary Referral Hospital ◽  
Urine Ph ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Primary Gout ◽  
History Of

Abstract Background The aims of this article were to assess the prevalence of nephrolithiasis and the factors associated with nephrolithiasis in Brazilian patients with primary gout. Methods One hundred twenty-three patients with primary gout were recruited from a tertiary referral hospital in São Paulo, Brazil. All patients underwent ultrasonography and had their clinical and laboratory characteristics assessed. Results One hundred fifteen (93.5%) patients were male, with a mean age of 62.9 ± 9.4 years. Twenty-three (18.7%) patients had asymptomatic nephrolithiasis (detected only by ultrasonography), 7 (6.0%) had symptomatic nephrolithiasis (detected by ultrasonography and a positive clinical history), and 13 (10.0%) had a history of kidney stones, but ultrasonography at evaluation did not show nephrolithiasis. Therefore, 35.0% of the patients had nephrolithiasis (detected either by ultrasonography and/or a positive clinical history). Nephrolithiasis was associated with male gender (43 [100%] vs 72 [90%], p = 0.049), the use of potassium citrate (13 [30.2%] vs 0, p <  0.001) and the use of medications for diabetes (10 [23.3%] vs 8 [10%], p = 0.047) and dyslipidemia (15 [34.9%] vs 10 [12.5%], p = 0.003); benzbromarone had an inverse association with nephrolithiasis (21 [48.8%] vs 55 [68.8%], p = 0.030). In patients with and without nephrolithiasis, no differences were found in the laboratory and ultrasonography characteristics, including serum uric acid levels, urinary uric acid excretion and urine pH. Conclusions The prevalence of nephrolithiasis in primary gout was 35.0%, and 18.7% of the patients were asymptomatic. Nephrolithiasis was associated with male gender, diabetes and dyslipidemia. A positive history of nephrolithiasis probably biased the prescription of potassium citrate and benzbromarone.

Pathophysiology and Treatment of Uric Acid Stones

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dustin Whitaker ◽  
Ava Saidian ◽  
Jacob Britt ◽  
Carter Boyd ◽  
Kyle Wood ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Uric Acid ◽  
Urine Volume ◽  
Potassium Citrate ◽  
First Line ◽  
Urine Ph ◽  
Stone Composition ◽  
The Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Uric Acid Stones

Uric acid is the third most common stone composition and comprises 7 to 10% of all kidney stones sent for analysis. These stones are more common with increasing age and in men. Uric acid stone disease is associated with conditions such as the metabolic syndrome and type 2 diabetes mellitus. Uric acid is produced by the enzyme, xanthine oxidase and is the final product of purine metabolism in humans. Three main factors contribute to the formation of uric acid stones: low urine pH (the most important), hyperuricosuria (rare, includes conditions such as myeloproliferative disorders and Lesch-Nyhan syndrome), and low urine volume. Uric acid stones appear radiolucent on plain radiographs and are ultimately diagnosed via stone analysis. These stones may be treated with medical expulsive therapy, dissolution therapy, or surgical intervention depending on the size, location, and clinical presentation. Urine pH manipulation therapy with potassium citrate is the first-line treatment for the prevention of uric acid stones and attempts at dissolution. Allopurinol should not be offered as the first-line therapy for uric acid stones.  This review contains 3 figures, 1 table and 38 references Key Words: ammonium, diabetes mellitus, epidemiology, management, metabolic syndrome, nephrolithiasis, pathophysiology, potassium citrate, uric acid, urine pH

Acetazolamide Is an Effective Adjunct for Urinary Alkalization in Patients With Uric Acid and Cystine Stone Formation Recalcitrant to Potassium Citrate

Urology ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 72 (2) ◽  
pp. 278-281 ◽  
Author(s):  
Samuel P. Sterrett ◽  
Kristina L. Penniston ◽  
J. Stuart Wolf ◽  
Stephen Y. Nakada
Keyword(s):  
Uric Acid ◽  
Stone Formation ◽  
Potassium Citrate ◽  
Cystine Stone ◽  
Effective Adjunct

scholarly journals MP31-05 POTASSIUM CITRATE FOR URIC ACID STONE RISK: DOES DIABETES MATTER?

2018 ◽  
Vol 199 (4S) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kimberly A Maciolek ◽  
Kristina L Penniston ◽  
Sara L Best
Keyword(s):  
Uric Acid ◽  
Potassium Citrate ◽  
Uric Acid Stone

scholarly journals Successful management of uric acid nephrolithiasis with potassium citrate

1986 ◽  
Vol 30 (3) ◽  
pp. 422-428 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charles Y.C. Pak ◽  
Khashayar Sakhaee ◽  
Cindy Fuller
Keyword(s):  
Uric Acid ◽  
Potassium Citrate ◽  
Successful Management ◽  
Uric Acid Nephrolithiasis

scholarly journals The importance of potassium citrate and potassium bicarbonate in the treatment of uric acid renal stones

2016 ◽  
Vol 88 (4) ◽  
pp. 341
Author(s):  
Michele Barbera ◽  
Andreas Tsirgiotis ◽  
Mauro Barbera ◽  
Quintino Paola
Keyword(s):  
Uric Acid ◽  
Mineral Water ◽  
Renal Stones ◽  
Potassium Citrate ◽  
Potassium Bicarbonate ◽  
Ph Values ◽  
Stone Recurrence ◽  
Uric Acid Stones

Uric acid calculi can also be treated without surgery, with simple medical lytic therapy. After appropriate dietary adjustments and add of mineral water, the needed amount of alkali supplementation can increase pH values of the urine in order to dissolve the stones. Treatment should be prolonged to prevent stone recurrence. A case of bilateral renal uric acid stones that were successfully treated by alakalizing treatment was presented.

scholarly journals Oral chemolysis is an effective, non-invasive therapy for urinary stones suspected of uric acid content

Urolithiasis ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 48 (6) ◽  
pp. 501-507
Author(s):  
Arman Tsaturyan ◽  
Elizaveta Bokova ◽  
Piet Bosshard ◽  
Olivier Bonny ◽  
Daniel G. Fuster ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Uric Acid ◽  
Acid Content ◽  
Multivariate Logistic Regression Analysis ◽  
Potassium Citrate ◽  
Quality Data ◽  
Urinary Stones ◽  
Ureteral Stones ◽  
Urine Ph ◽  
Stone Size ◽  
Stone Density

AbstractDespite the possible benefit from avoiding stone surgery with all its possible complications, oral chemolysis is rarely performed in patients with urinary stones suspected of uric acid content. Among the reasons for its limited use is the sparse and low-quality data on its efficacy and the lack of reliable factors predicting its outcome. We thus performed a retrospective single-center cohort study of 216 patients (median patient age 63 years) with 272 renal (48%) and/or ureteral (52%) stones treated with oral chemolysis from 01/2010 to 12/2019. Patients with low urine pH (< 6), low stone density upon non-contrast enhanced computed tomography (NCCT), radiolucent urinary stones on plain radiography, and/or a history of uric acid urolithiasis were included. Potassium citrate and/or sodium/magnesium bicarbonate were used for alkalization (target urine pH 6.5–7.2). Median stone size was 9 mm, median stone density 430 Hounsfield Units. Patients with ureteral stones < 6 mm were excluded since stones this small are very likely to pass spontaneously. The stone-free status of each patient was evaluated after 3 months using NCCT. Oral chemolysis was effective with a complete and partial response rate of stones at 3 months of 61% and 14%, respectively; 25% of stones could not be dissolved. Lower stone density (OR = 0.997 [CI 0.994–0.999]; p = 0.008) and smaller stone size (OR = 0.959 [CI 0.924–0.995]; p = 0.025) significantly increased the success rate of oral chemolysis in multivariate logistic regression analysis. More precise stone diagnostics to exclude non-uric-acid stones could further improve outcome.

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