Guideline for radioiodine therapy for benign thyroid diseases (version 4)

SummaryVersion 4 of the guideline for radioiodine therapy for benign thyroid diseases includes an interdisciplinary consensus on decision making for antithyroid drugs, surgical treatment and radioiodine therapy. The quantitative description of a specific goiter volume for radioiodine therapy or operation was cancelled. For patients with nodular goiter with or without autonomy, manifold circumstances are in favor of surgery (suspicion on malignancy, large cystic nodules, mediastinal goiter, severe compression of the trachea) or in favor of radioiodine therapy (treatment of autonomy, age of patient, co-morbidity, history of prior subtotal thyroidectomy, profession like teacher, speaker or singer). For patients with Graves' disease, radioiodine therapy or surgery are recommended in the constellation of high risk of relapse (first-line therapy), persistence of hyperthyroidism or relapse of hyperthyroidism. After counseling, the patient gives informed consent to the preferred therapy. The period after radioiodine therapy of benign disorders until conception of at least four months was adapted to the European recommendation.

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Guideline for radioiodine therapy for benign thyroid diseases (version 3)

Nuklearmedizin ◽

10.1055/s-0038-1623919 ◽

2004 ◽

Vol 43 (06) ◽

pp. 217-220 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

J. Dressler ◽

F. Grünwald ◽

B. Leisner ◽

E. Moser ◽

Chr. Reiners ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Radioiodine Therapy ◽

Thyroid Volume ◽

Thyroid Diseases ◽

Antithyroid Drugs ◽

Graves Disease ◽

Co Morbidity ◽

History Of ◽

Individual Decisions ◽

Prophylactic Use ◽

Benign Thyroid

SummaryThe version 3 of the guideline for radioiodine therapy for benign thyroid diseases presents first of all a revision of the version 2. The chapter indication for radioiodine therapy, surgical treatment or antithyroid drugs bases on an interdisciplinary consensus. The manifold criteria for decision making consider the entity of thyroid disease (autonomy, Graves’ disease, goitre, goitre recurrence), the thyroid volume, suspicion of malignancy, cystic nodules, risk of surgery and co-morbidity, history of subtotal thyroidectomy, persistent or recurrent thyrotoxicosis caused by Graves’ disease including known risk factors for relapse, compression of the trachea caused by goitre, requirement of direct therapeutic effect as well as the patient’s preference. Because often some of these criteria are relevant, the guideline offers the necessary flexibility for individual decisions. Further topics are patients’ preparation, counseling, dosage concepts, procedural details, results, side effects and follow-up care. The prophylactic use of glucocorticoids during radioiodine therapy in patients without preexisting ophthalmopathy as well as dosage and duration of glucocorticoid medication in patients with preexisting ophthalmopathy need to be clarified in further studies. The pragmatic recommendations for the combined use of radioiodine and glucocorticoids remained unchanged in the 3rd version.

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Graves’ disease and toxic nodular goiter – radioiodine therapy

Nuklearmedizin ◽

10.1055/s-0038-1625641 ◽

2002 ◽

Vol 41 (02) ◽

pp. 63-70 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

M. Dietlein ◽

H. Schicha

Keyword(s):

Conservative Treatment ◽

Radioiodine Therapy ◽

Nodular Goiter ◽

Human Thyroid ◽

Definitive Treatment ◽

Graves Disease ◽

First Line ◽

First Line Therapy ◽

Line Therapy ◽

Benign Thyroid

SummaryAt the 15th conference on the human thyroid in Heidelberg in 2001 the following aspects of the radioiodine therapy of benign thyroid disorders were presented: General strategies for therapy of benign thyroid diseases, criterions for conservative or definitive treatment of hyperthyroidism as first line therapy and finally preparation, procedural details, results, side effects, costs and follow-up care of radioiodine therapy as well as legal guidelines for hospitalization in Germany.The diagnosis Graves’ hyperthyroidism needs the decision, if rather a conservative treatment or if primary radioiodine therapy is the best therapeutic approach. In the USA 70–90% of these patients are treated with radioiodine as first line therapy, whereas in Germany the conservative therapy for 1–1.5 years is recommended for 90%.This review describes subgroups of patients with Graves’ disease showing a higher probability to relapse after conservative treatment. Comparing benefits, adverse effects, costs, and conveniences of both treatment strategies the authors conclude that radioiodine therapy should be preferred as first line therapy in 60–70% of the patients with Graves’ hyperthyroidism.

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Assessment of Minimum 124I Activity Required in Uptake Measurements Before Radioiodine Therapy for Benign Thyroid Diseases

Journal of Nuclear Medicine ◽

10.2967/jnumed.115.171066 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 57 (8) ◽

pp. 1201-1206 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

A. S. Gabler ◽

C. Kuhnel ◽

T. Winkens ◽

M. Freesmeyer

Keyword(s):

Radioiodine Therapy ◽

Thyroid Diseases ◽

Benign Thyroid

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Eye symptoms in patients with benign thyroid diseases

Scientific Reports ◽

10.1038/s41598-021-98232-0 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Nadia Sawicka-Gutaj ◽

Paulina Ziółkowska ◽

Klaudia Wojciechowska ◽

Sara Shawkat ◽

Agata Czarnywojtek ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Quality Of Life ◽

Negative Impact ◽

Nodular Goiter ◽

Well Being ◽

Thyroid Diseases ◽

Thyroid Orbitopathy ◽

Eye Symptoms ◽

The Impact ◽

Benign Thyroid

AbstractThyroid diseases may cause a variety of functional and structural body changes, including eye and vision abnormalities, which can have a negative impact on a patient’s well-being. However, only a few studies on the impact of other benign thyroid diseases on the visual process are available in the literature. In this study, using the Polish version of the thyroid-specific quality of life (ThyPROpl) questionnaire, we aimed to determine the self-reported influence of benign thyroid diseases (e.g., nodular goiter, toxic nodular goiter, Graves’ disease, thyroid orbitopathy, Hashimoto’s thyroiditis, and surgical hypothyroidism) on patients’ eyes and vision. This was a prospective study. In total, 374 randomly selected euthyroid patients and 255 control subjects responded to the ThyPROpl questionnaire and the results were evaluated. Nearly 69% of the respondents reported that the most frequent condition was “reduced sight.” Men most often reported wet/tearing eyes (66%). The occurrence of eyelid sacks or swollen eyelids (64%), ophthalmalgia (62%), and eye dryness (61%) was marked almost as often. In total, 29% of the patients reported diplopia, and it was found to be most prevalent among those with thyroid orbitopathy. Other complaints were similarly prevalent among all the subgroups. A positive correlation was also observed between the scores of the “eye symptoms” and other ailments. Except for swelling around the lower eyelids, patients with thyroid diseases more frequently experienced all of the ocular complaints analyzed in this study compared with controls. This study showed that eye complaints are common in patients with benign thyroid diseases and ocular disturbances have a negative impact on the overall quality of life of patients.

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Therapy for non-toxic multinodular goiter

Nuklearmedizin ◽

10.1055/s-0038-1623928 ◽

2006 ◽

Vol 45 (01) ◽

pp. 21-34 ◽

Cited By ~ 13

Author(s):

B. Dederichs ◽

C. Kobe ◽

P. Theissen ◽

M. Schmidt ◽

H. Schicha ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Radioiodine Therapy ◽

Clinical Symptoms ◽

Nodular Goiter ◽

Dose Finding ◽

Attractive Alternative ◽

Therapeutic Effects ◽

Invasive Treatment ◽

Co Morbidity ◽

Definitive Therapy ◽

Toxic Goiter

SummaryThe need for therapy for nodular goiter results from the growth of thyroid nodules over decades and from the possibility of tracheal compression and worsening of respiratory function. Given the high prevalence of non-toxic goiter, the epidemiologically low incidence of clinically apparent thyroid cancer justifies non-surgical strategies. Randomised studies have shown that levothyroxine offers limited therapeutic effects and is inferior to radioiodine therapy regarding goiter shrinkage. When indication for a definitive therapy is given, the choice between resection and radioiodine therapy should consider volume of goiter, severity of clinical symptoms, thyroid uptake, patient’s age, co-morbidity, previous resection of goiter, patient’s profession and patient’s wish. Even in large goiters between 100 and 300 ml radioiodine therapy showed consistent results with goiter size reduction from 35-40% one year and 40-60% two years after radioiodine therapy. Thyroid hormones to prevent recurrence of goiter are not necessary. Recurrent goiters were seldom observed after radioiodine therapy and resulted from initially very large goiters or uptake in dominante nodules or from low 131I activities. Recombinant human TSH (rhTSH) offers the opportunity to enhance the effect of radioiodine therapy. Observational studies have shown that rhTSH increases low 131I uptake in case of high alimentary iodine-supply by the factor 4, causes a more homogenous 131I distribution within the goiter and improves goiter reduction. A phase I study for dose finding is running in the USA. Conclusion: Radioiodine therapy for shrinkage of large non-toxic goiter should not be restricted to elderly patients, or to patients with co-morbidity or high operative risk, but is an attractive alternative to surgery in patients with special professions (singer, teacher, speaker) or with the wish for a non-invasive treatment modality.

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