Abstract
Background: The goal of health care financing in Ethiopia has been to achieve universal health care coverage by minimizing the catastrophic out of pocket health service expenditure. Even though the performance was not as planned, the promising strategy to achieve universal health care coverage in the informal sector was community based health insurance which was expected to cover more than 83 % of the population. So, we systematically reviewed determinants of community based health insurance utilization in Ethiopia. Methods: We searched DOAJ, EconBiz, ERIC, Google Scholar, Oxford Journals, PubMed, SpringerLink, Europe PMC, Microsoft Academic Search, OAIster and AJ including various relevant websites by March 9 to 10, 2019. We included articles regardless of their publication status with both quantitative and qualitative approaches. Results: The factors determining community based health insurance utilization in Ethiopia were found to be associated with supply side, health facility, demographic and socioeconomic predictors. Among demographic and socio-economic factors, the report of the studies regarding to gender and age was not consistent. However income, education, community participation, marriage, occupation and family size were found to be significant predictors and were positively related with the scheme’s utilization. With respect to health status and health service related factors; illness experience, benefit package, awareness level, previous out of pocket expenditure for health care service and health service status (quality, adequacy, efficiency and coverage) were significantly and positively related but premium amount, self-rated health status and bureaucratic complexity were found to be negative predictors. Conclusion: To achieve universal health care coverage through community based health insurance, it is advisable that special attention should be given to income level, education, community participation, marriage, family size, benefit package, awareness level and health service quality, premium amount and bureaucratic or governance issue.
Universal health insurance in Rwanda: major challenges and solutions for financial sustainability case study of Rwanda community-based health insurance part I