scholarly journals The Short and Long of It: Neural Correlates of Temporal-order Memory for Autobiographical Events

2008 ◽  
Vol 20 (7) ◽  
pp. 1327-1341 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peggy St. Jacques ◽  
David C. Rubin ◽  
Kevin S. LaBar ◽  
Roberto Cabeza
Keyword(s):  
Prefrontal Cortex ◽  
Hemispheric Asymmetry ◽  
Temporal Order ◽  
Functional Neuroimaging ◽  
Neural Correlates ◽  
Functional Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Fmri Study ◽  
Visual Cortices ◽  
Temporal Order Memory ◽  
Temporal Order Judgments

Previous functional neuroimaging studies of temporal-order memory have investigated memory for laboratory stimuli that are causally unrelated and poor in sensory detail. In contrast, the present functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) study investigated temporal-order memory for autobiographical events that were causally interconnected and rich in sensory detail. Participants took photographs at many campus locations over a period of several hours, and the following day they were scanned while making temporal-order judgments to pairs of photographs from different locations. By manipulating the temporal lag between the two locations in each trial, we compared the neural correlates associated with reconstruction processes, which we hypothesized depended on recollection and contribute mainly to short lags, and distance processes, which we hypothesized to depend on familiarity and contribute mainly to longer lags. Consistent with our hypotheses, parametric fMRI analyses linked shorter lags to activations in regions previously associated with recollection (left prefrontal, parahippocampal, precuneus, and visual cortices), and longer lags with regions previously associated with familiarity (right prefrontal cortex). The hemispheric asymmetry in prefrontal cortex activity fits very well with evidence and theories regarding the contributions of the left versus right prefrontal cortex to memory (recollection vs. familiarity processes) and cognition (systematic vs. heuristic processes). In sum, using a novel photo-paradigm, this study provided the first evidence regarding the neural correlates of temporal-order for autobiographical events.

scholarly journals Overlapping but Divergent Neural Correlates Underpinning Audiovisual Synchrony and Temporal Order Judgments

2018 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Scott A. Love ◽  
Karin Petrini ◽  
Cyril R. Pernet ◽  
Marianne Latinus ◽  
Frank E. Pollick
Keyword(s):  
Temporal Order ◽  
Neural Correlates ◽  
Temporal Order Judgments

The narcissistic self and its psychological and neural correlates: an exploratory fMRI study

2010 ◽  
Vol 41 (8) ◽  
pp. 1641-1650 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. Fan ◽  
C. Wonneberger ◽  
B. Enzi ◽  
M. de Greck ◽  
C. Ulrich ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Healthy Subjects ◽  
Neural Correlates ◽  
Anterior Insula ◽  
Functional Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
Fmri Study ◽  
Neuroimaging Data ◽  
Neural Underpinnings ◽  
The Right ◽  
First Time

BackgroundThe concept of narcissism has been much researched in psychoanalysis and especially in self psychology. One of the hallmarks of narcissism is altered emotion, including decreased affective resonance (e.g. empathy) with others, the neural underpinnings of which remain unclear. The aim of our exploratory study was to investigate the psychological and neural correlates of empathy in two groups of healthy subjects with high and low narcissistic personality trait. We hypothesized that high narcissistic subjects would show a differential activity pattern in regions such as the anterior insula that are typically associated with empathy.MethodA sample of 34 non-clinical subjects was divided into high (n=11) and low (n=11) narcissistic groups according to the 66th and 33rd percentiles of their scores on the Narcissism Inventory (NI). Combining the psychological, behavioral and neuronal [i.e. functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI)] measurements of empathy, we compared the high and low narcissistic groups of subjects.ResultsHigh narcissistic subjects showed higher scores on the Symptom Checklist-90 – Revised (SCL-90-R) and the 20-item Toronto Alexithymia Scale (TAS-20) when compared to low narcissistic subjects. High narcissistic subjects also showed significantly decreased deactivation during empathy, especially in the right anterior insula.ConclusionsPsychological and neuroimaging data indicate respectively higher degrees of alexithymia and lower deactivation during empathy in the insula in high narcissistic subjects. Taken together, our preliminary findings demonstrate, for the first time, psychological and neuronal correlates of narcissism in non-clinical subjects. This might stipulate both novel psychodynamic conceptualization and future psychological–neuronal investigation of narcissism.

scholarly journals Cross-modal temporal order memory for auditory digits and visual locations: An fMRI study

2004 ◽  
Vol 22 (4) ◽  
pp. 280-289 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daren Zhang ◽  
Xiaochu Zhang ◽  
Xiwen Sun ◽  
Zhihao Li ◽  
Zhaoxin Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Temporal Order ◽  
Fmri Study ◽  
Temporal Order Memory

scholarly journals Evidence for an Active Role of Inferior Frontal Cortex in Conscious Experience

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Veith Weilnhammer ◽  
Merve Fritsch ◽  
Meera Chikermane ◽  
Anna-Lena Eckert ◽  
Katharina Kanthak ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Prefrontal Cortex ◽  
Frontal Cortex ◽  
Conscious Experience ◽  
Sensory Information ◽  
Active Role ◽  
Neural Correlates ◽  
Functional Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Bistable Perception ◽  
Inferior Frontal Cortex

2AbstractIn the search for the neural correlates of consciousness, it has remained controversial whether prefrontal cortex determines what is consciously experienced or, alternatively, serves only complementary functions such as introspection or action.Here, we provide converging evidence from computational modeling and two functional magnetic resonance imaging experiments for a key role of inferior frontal cortex in detecting perceptual conflicts that emerge from ambiguous sensory information. Crucially, the detection of perceptual conflicts by prefrontal cortex turned out to be critical in the process of transforming ambiguous sensory information into unambiguous conscious experiences: In a third experiment, disruption of neural activity in inferior frontal cortex through transcranial magnetic stimulation slowed down the updating of conscious experience that occurs in response to perceptual conflicts.These findings show that inferior frontal cortex actively contributes to the resolution of perceptual ambiguities. Prefrontal cortex is thus causally involved in determining the contents of conscious experience.3One-sentence SummaryInferior frontal cortex detects and resolves perceptual conflict during bistable perception.

Neural Correlates of Memory for Items and for Associations: An Event-related Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging Study

2005 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
pp. 652-667 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amélie M. Achim ◽  
Martin Lepage
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽  
Prefrontal Cortex ◽  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Neural Correlates ◽  
Item Recognition ◽  
Functional Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
Recognition Judgments ◽  
Memory Stage ◽  
Encoding And Retrieval

Although results from cognitive psychology, neuropsychology, and behavioral neuroscience clearly suggest that item and associative information in memory rely on partly different brain regions, little is known concerning the differences and similarities that exist between these two types of information as a function of memory stage (i.e., encoding and retrieval). We used event-related functional magnetic resonance imaging to assess neural correlates of item and associative encoding and retrieval of simple images in 18 healthy subjects. During encoding, subjects memorized items and pairs. During retrieval, subjects made item recognition judgments (old vs. new) and associative recognition judgments (intact vs. rearranged). Relative to baseline, item and associative trials activated bilateral medial temporal and prefrontal regions during both encoding and retrieval. Direct contrasts were then performed between item and associative trials for each memory stage. During encoding, greater prefrontal, hippocampal, and parietal activation was observed for associations, but no significant activation was observed for items at the selected threshold. During recognition, greater activation was observed for associative trials in the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex and superior parietal lobules bilaterally, whereas item recognition trials showed greater activation of bilateral frontal regions, bilateral anterior medial temporal areas, and the right temporo-parietal junction. Post hoc analyses suggested that the anterior medial temporal activation observed during item recognition was driven mainly by new items, confirming a role for this structure in novelty detection. These results suggest that although some structures such as the medial temporal and prefrontal cortex play a general role in memory, the pattern of activation in these regions can be modulated by the type of information (items or associations) interacting with memory stages.

scholarly journals Rethinking Feelings: An fMRI Study of the Cognitive Regulation of Emotion

2002 ◽  
Vol 14 (8) ◽  
pp. 1215-1229 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kevin N. Ochsner ◽  
Silvia A. Bunge ◽  
James J. Gross ◽  
John D. E. Gabrieli
Keyword(s):  
Subjective Experience ◽  
Emotional Responses ◽  
Neural Correlates ◽  
Neural Systems ◽  
Functional Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
Aversive Events ◽  
Fmri Study ◽  
Regulation Of Emotion ◽  
Mental And Physical Health

The ability to cognitively regulate emotional responses to aversive events is important for mental and physical health. Little is known, however, about neural bases of the cognitive control of emotion. The present study employed functional magnetic resonance imaging to examine the neural systems used to reappraise highly negative scenes in unemotional terms. Reappraisal of highly negative scenes reduced subjective experience of negative affect. Neural correlates of reappraisal were increased activation of the lateral and medial prefrontal regions and decreased activation of the amygdala and medial orbito-frontal cortex. These findings support the hypothesis that prefrontal cortex is involved in constructing reappraisal strategies that can modulate activity in multiple emotion-processing systems.

scholarly journals The Neural Correlates of Mental Rotation Abilities in Cannabis-Abusing Patients with Schizophrenia: An fMRI Study

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stéphane Potvin ◽  
Josiane Bourque ◽  
Myriam Durand ◽  
Olivier Lipp ◽  
Pierre Lalonde ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Rotation ◽  
Neural Correlates ◽  
Mental Rotation Task ◽  
Functional Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Supramarginal Gyrus ◽  
Cannabis Abuse ◽  
Visuospatial Abilities ◽  
Fmri Study ◽  
Left Thalamus ◽  
The Right

Growing evidence suggests that cannabis abuse/dependence is paradoxically associated with better cognition in schizophrenia. Accordingly, we performed a functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) study of visuospatial abilities in 14 schizophrenia patients with cannabis abuse (DD), 14 nonabusing schizophrenia patients (SCZ), and 21 healthy controls (HCs). Participants performed a mental rotation task while being scanned. There were no significant differences in the number of mistakes between schizophrenia groups, and both made more mistakes on the mental rotation task than HC. Relative to HC, SCZ had increased activations in the left thalamus, while DD patients had increased activations in the right supramarginal gyrus. In both cases, hyper-activations are likely to reflect compensatory efforts. In addition, SCZ patients had decreased activations in the left superior parietal gyrus compared to both HC and DD patients. This latter result tentatively suggests that the neurophysiologic processes underlying visuospatial abilities are partially preserved in DD, relative to SCZ patients, consistently with the findings showing that cannabis abuse in schizophrenia is associated with better cognitive functioning. Further fMRI studies are required to examine the neural correlates of other cognitive dysfunctions in schizophrenia patients with and without comorbid cannabis use disorder.

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